ISSUE 154 FINAL ISSUE – JUNE 2015 Surface Warfare: Taking the Offensive The Indonesian Maritime Doctrine: Realising the Potential of the Ocean The Naval Build-Up in the Philippines National Defence Strategic Policy as a Function of National Leadership An Ocean for my Kingdom World Naval Developments ANZAC Frigate Upgrade sustains WA jobs Fit to be a Frigate? Navigating the Black Ditch: Risks in the Taiwan Strait To Safeguard the Seas WWI Book Reviews JOURNAL OF THE 2 Journal of the Australian Naval Institute Issue 154 3 An e-7a Wedgetail and two f/a-18a Hornets provide a fly past during the Anzac Day 2015 National Ceremony held in Canberra. Contents Australian Naval Institute 2015 Report 4 Message from the President 6 Surface Warfare: Taking the Offensive 8 The Indonesian Maritime Doctrine: Realising the Potential of the Ocean 10 Front page : The Naval Build-Up in the Clearance Divers Philippines 16 are the Australian Defence Forces’ specialist divers. National Defence Strategic Policy as a Clearance Diver Function of National Leadership 19 tasks include specialist diving An Ocean for my Kingdom 23 missions to depths of 54 metres, surface and underwater World Naval Developments 29 demolitions, and the rendering ANZAC Frigate Upgrade safe and disposal sustains WA jobs 32 of conventional explosive ordnance Fit to be a Frigate? 36 and improvised explosive devices. Navigating the Black Ditch: Risks in the Taiwan Strait 39 Ms Diane Bricknell came on board the ANI Headmark project from the start of To Safeguard the Seas 44 a changeover to a more dynamic design, around 10 years ago. Through more than a decade she has WWI Book Reviews 46 contributed her expertise and design capabilities to produce a dynamic and Book Reviews 54 attractive publication. As Headmark moves to an all-online format, we wish her well and thank her for her dedicated input. Visions from the Vault 59 Issue Number 154 Printed in Australia SPONSORS: Style Notes for Headmark 61 ISSN 1833-6531 DMS MARITIME – LOCKHEED MARTIN – AUSTAL Design & DTP by Diane Bricknell SAAB SYSTEMS – AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE CREDIT UNION ANI Membership Application Form 63 RAYTHEON AUSTRALIA – THALES NAVAL GROUP [email protected] Journal of the Australian Naval Institute 4 Australian Naval Institute 2015 Report BY RADM GREGORY SAMMUT CSC RAN ANI President’s Report 2015 reviews which we generate from our original articles or commentary on what is already there. regular writers. Our long term aim is There is more work to do to make the site increasingly n the face of a rapidly changing to attract some of the naval luminaries interactive, but we are on our way to making the website the environment, I am pleased to stand who write for the major journals to front door of the ANI rather than the cat flap around the back! Ibefore you this evening and report that supplement Norman Friedman our We are looking at continuously improving the website the ANI can be confident in successfully most regular international contributor. and a couple of examples of a new look have been included navigating the last 12 months. More This remains a work in progress. in the Power Point presentation you will see shortly. A new importantly, it has done so while laying The criticism of the ANI website in look would greatly assist to expand our appeal and grow the strong foundations for the changes that the past was that it never changed and subscriber database. it must make to remain successful into was therefore not worth visiting. It was the future. more of a notice board than a website. Proposed Cessation of This is no longer true. All of you should Headmark as a publication ANI’s Online Presence be receiving from the business manager If I could turn to Headmark. The most obvious ANI advance over a weekly email pointing out new items Last year the Council agreed to reduce the number of the past 12 months has been online. It is on the ANI website. New high quality Headmark editions to two per year to offset costs to develop now a year since the institute revamped material is being placed on the site every the website in the first instance, and to also control ongoing what had become an almost moribund day and is being read by our subscribers, costs over the longer term. We have been monitoring this website. We have leveraged the and a consistent effort is being made step, with a keen eye on website use and the balance sheet. experience and advice of our webmaster, by members of the Council to keep the At the first Council meeting after this AGM, a decision Crispin Hull, who has proceed with website refreshed. on publication of Headmark editions and the format of future appropriate caution but always with the Articles and essays are becoming publications will be made in the context of the finalisation of Institute’s aim of furthering debate on available on a range of international the business plan which will be completed by mid-year. naval and maritime matters in mind. maritime strategic issues and defence I should explain, however, that we assess the cost of The Council decided that we would matters closer to home. More than producing Headmark and posting it to members can no allow free access to online material 200,000 words have been added since longer be sustained without an unaffordable drain on current on the condition users became a the revamp and the rate of addition is and projected resources. The expenditure of $30,000 pa to subscribers to the site and provided growing without sacrificing quality and produce four editions of Headmark is disproportionate when their email address. All ANI members pertinence to the maritime debate. considering we are only reaching our 350 members. Even were subscribed immediately. The a more economical two per year is unsustainable in light of number of subscribers has slowly grown Forty years of ANI present income from membership and sponsorship. towards 500, including a dozen or more published archives online The council will therefore be asked to consider a proposal from overseas. A critical part of the revamping exercise that the next hardcopy edition of Headmark, due in June this Ongoing growth in the number of was to ensure that the 40 years of the year, will be the last. At that point the name ‘Headmark’ will on-line subscribers will be important ANI’s journal and Headmark would migrate to the Website and money saved will directed towards to the business shift the ANI is in the be made accessible online to the naval a staged upgrade. course of making to adapt to new community and the public at large. realities and survive as an organization It was a significant undertaking. The Proposed: “Australian International of relevance. archive consisted of about four million Journal on Naval and Maritime Affairs” words and thousands of images. Now It is planned that ANI will continue to publish annually, Centre for International the website has all of that in a text though perhaps in a simpler format and under a different title Maritime Security form which can be searched, as well as - possibly the Australian International Journal on Naval and In January this year, the ANI became scans of the original pages. It’s quite Maritime Affairs. the Australian partner of the US-based an outcome that our valuable resource The proposal will be to produce this as a small annual Centre for International Maritime has now been preserved and made edition of important maritime papers, which we do not Security. This partnership has opened accessible. put onto the website. The journal would be an academic access to a wealth of new naval maritime With such rich content, we hold publication and therefore may not require pictures. It could and geo-political articles and essays, hopes that the website will encourage be produced very simply in A5 size, though we would aim which we are permitted to place on our more people to contribute to the for it to become a prominent publication, both nationally website to supplement the articles and maritime debate whether by way of and internationally. There is no equivalent publication, Journal of the Australian Naval Institute Issue 154 5 which may offer market opportunities. Changes to Presidency stand down from the position as I continue to serve as Head of Consideration is being given to of the ANI the Future Submarine Program. positing the annual publication for As the ANI seeks to reshape the manner international readership, which will in which it furthers the maritime debate, Expanding Sponsorship hinge on the profile of its contributors. so must it consider the relevance of its If I may touch on the ongoing importance of our membership It will be distributed to the ANI constitution in the current day and into before concluding. Without our members we would not be an financial members with the objective of the future. Institute. sustaining part of the basis for current We have reached the point where We need support from the existing membership and to and ongoing membership. there are too few senior serving officers expand the paid up base while also attracting a much larger Publication of this new ANI journal to fulfill the responsibilities of President. number of online subscribers. We need to shore up our is not anticipated until mid-2016. This Indeed, I am finding it increasingly relationship with our sponsors and seek new sponsorship from will avoid the expense of a producing difficult to exercise my responsibilities as companies which have not been previously been approached.