Native American Music

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Native American Music NATIVE AMERICAN MUSIC Anasazi ‘palace’ near Mesa Verde, CO built c. 11th century Cherokee women photographed by Edward Curtis c. 1927 Hopewell Exchange System spreads cultural practices and material goods via eastern waterways c. 200- 500 BC American Indian Boarding Schools ★ 1879: Civil War vet Henry Pratt founds “Carlisle Industrial Indian School” in PA to assimilate native cultures. ★ Becomes basis for Indian Boarding Schools across country in 20th century. ★ “[We must] kill the Indian... to save the man” The Legacy of Indian Boarding Schools ★ Cultural genocide ★ Sexual Abuse ★ Depression ★ Rampant substance abuse ★ Poverty Ghost Dance ★ Wovoka, late 19th century prophet of Paiute people, leads new religious movement throughout plains ★ Dancing/singing Ghost Dance would prepare followers for afterlife. ★ Spreads amongst numerous tribes in plains region ★ Souix ascribe militaristic visions to Ghost Dance ★ Ghost Dance movement dwindles after Wounded ★ Popularity of dance across plains brings federally Knee, but begins new precedent for inter-tribal enforced ban culture. ★ Tensions escalate, culminate in Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 Inter-Tribal Culture / Pan-Indianism ★ Pow-Wow main secular inter-tribal event ★ ‘Pow-Wow’ historically an Algonquin designation but now pan-Indian in application. ★ Disputes regarding when/where first held, but likely in Oklahoma region Pow-Wow Music and Dance ★ Pow-Wow dance/song often descend from Great Plains regions ★ Drumming by Men ★ Gender of singing and dancing varies according to specific song/dance ★ Music, dance, gender, and regalia often specifically grouped together ★ Dancing often surrounds drummers/singers Gourd Dance ★ Simple dance characterized by slight flexing of the knees and bouncing on heels ★ More inclusive dance ★ ‘Gourd’ refers to rattles - Oklahoma City Pow-Wow, 2011 - Grass Dance ★ Warrior dance of Northern Plains. ★ More active, traditionally danced by younger men proven in battle, but now some women join. ★ Frilled regalia evokes prairie grass ★ Sometimes danced competitively, incentivizing preservation via pride and cash prizes Fancy Dance ★ Faster dance in ornate feather regalia ★ Irregular drumming patterns ★ Likely invented during 20s- 30s when most trad. Native dancing outlawed ★ Likely influenced by ‘Wild West Shows’ as discussed in Ellis reading. ★ “Pan-Indianism [is] the process by which certain American Indian groups are losing their tribal distinctiveness and in its place are developing a generalized, nontribal ‘Indian’ culture...The result is a homogeneity in Pan-Indian pow-wows approaching that of Howard Johnson restaurants or McDonald hamburger outlets.” James H. Howard, 1983 ★ “Pow-wows are indeed often compelling expressions of unity and cultural perseverance...an event that mediates the place and meaning of change.” Clyde Ellis, 1999 ★ Do cultural expressions have to be unchanging to remain expressive, powerful, and effective? ★ Must culture be defined as something rooted in the past? ★ Must culture be defined as something that stays in one place? ★ Must culture be thought of as something ‘pure’? Tohono O’odham ★ ‘Desert People’ ★ Second largest reservation in US ★ Lived in S. Arizona, N. Sonora, Mex. since pre-history Pre-contact music ★ Songs accompanied by rattles, basket-drums, and dancing ★ Songs often perform ritual function ○ Chelkona dance summons rain ○ Songs for hunt: songs convince animals to consent to being killed ○ Songs for helping crops ★ Still performed for sacred functions and for educating youth of heritage Chelkona Dance Song Spanish Settlement ★ 1540, Spanish explore Arizona ★ 1687, Settlement in O’ odham lands begins with Father Eusabio Kino ★ San Xavier mission still stands in SW Tucson Missionary Era Music ★ Music encouraged attendance in missions, and conversion amongst natives ★ O’odham trained on violin for use in services ★ O’odham brought new instruments/skills into village for social music European Dances ★ Mid-19th century brings wave of Germans and Czech immigrants influential to music in region ★ Tohono O’odham adopt instrumental dance styles for social events ★ Utilize missionary instruments ○ 2 violins ○ Guitar ○ Bass Drum O’odham string bands often feature 2 violins that play ○ Snare Drum a doubled melody German & Czech Influence Listen for similarity of melody at very beginning of each example A Texas-Czech Polka A Tohono O’odham from 1920s Polka Dance Styles Two Steps in 2/4, slower Pinto Bean Two-Step Polkas, in 2/4, Fast Hohokam Polka Mazurkas in 3/4 Libby Bird Song Mazurka Twin Melody ★ A melody played on one instrument, accompanied by a second instrument harmonizing that melody note-for-note ○ or: two instruments playing different pitches moving in parallel motion Libby Bird Song Mazurka Listen again for twin melody played by two fiddles Evolution into Waila/Chicken Scratch ★ Music education included in ‘Americanization’ of Boarding Schools ★ Marching bands introduce saxophone to O’odham ★ 1950s electric guitar, drumkit ★ Old repertoire with new instrumentation becomes known as Waila or ‘Chicken Scratch’ The Joaquin Brothers play a Polka Growing influence of Norteño ★ Norteño - working class music of Mexico’s northern states ★ Modern Waila/Chicken Scratch bands now incorporate accordion and bajo sexto Summary ★ Indian Boarding Schools & Cultural Genocide ★ Ghost Dance ★ Inter-Tribal Culture & Pow-Wows ○ Dance and Song forms ○ Wild West Shows ○ Different opinions of their value ★ Tohono O’odham ○ Music before European contact ○ Influence of Spanish missions ○ Influence of German/Czech Immigrants ○ Influence of American Boarding Schools ○ Influence of Mexican Norteño music ○ Different dance forms.
Recommended publications
  • 2013 Pow Wow Program
    The Kathryn M. Buder Center for American Indian Studies promotes preparation of professionals to assume leadership positions in social services and governmental institutions dedicated to improving the lives of American Indians. Scholarships The Brown School has one of the largest social work financial aid programs in the country including scholarships, loans, and work-study programs. The Kathryn M. Buder Charitable Foundation offers full scholarships to American Indian/Alaska Native students who plan to practice social work in American Indian communities. These scholarships provide tuition, monthly stipends, professional development opportunities, and books for two years of full-time study. The Brown School’s Center for Social Development provides a Buder Doctoral Fellowship. This fellowship is awarded to an outstanding doctoral student with expressed interest in American Indian studies and social work. 2013 Pow Wow Agenda A Special Thank You! The Pow Wow Committee would like to take a moment to express our gratitude to the 10:00 am Contest Registration Opens people who helped make our Pow Wow a success. We appreciate their time, donations, Vendor Booths Open financial assistance, and attention. 11:00 am Gourd Dancing Dean Edward F. Lawlor School of Law Angela Gilbreath Music Department 12:00 - 4:00 pm Grand Entry Monica Matthieu Performing Arts Department Flag Song American Culture Studies Program Religious Studies Department Veteran Song Department of Anthropology Faculty, Staff, and Students of the Art History & Archeology Department Brown School Victory Song (Post Colors) East Asian Languages & Cultures Washington University in St. Louis Invocation Program St. Louis Community Introductions History Department St. Louis Convention & Visitors Kathryn M.
    [Show full text]
  • Pow Wow Program
    The Kathryn M. Buder Center for American Indian Studies promotes preparation of professionals to assume leadership positions in social services and governmental institutions dedicated to improving the lives of American Indians. Scholarships The Brown School has one of the largest social work financial aid programs in the country including scholarships, loans, and work-study programs. The Kathryn M. Buder Charitable Foundation offers full scholarships to American Indian/Alaska Native students who plan to practice social work in American Indian communities. These scholarships provide tuition, monthly stipends, professional development opportunities, and books for two years of full-time study. The Brown School’s Center for Social Development provides a Buder Doctoral Fellowship. This fellowship is awarded to an outstanding doctoral student with expressed interest in American Indian studies and social work. 2015 Pow Wow Agenda A Special Thank You! The Pow Wow Committee would like to take a moment to express our gratitude to 10:00 am Contest Registration Opens the people who helped make our Pow Wow a success. We appreciate their time, Vendor Booths Open donations, inancial assistance, and attention. 11:00 am Gourd Dancing Dean Edward F. Lawlor Kemper Art Museum 12:00 ‐ 4:00 pm Grand Entry Angela Gilbreath Metro St. Louis American Indian Student Association Music Department Flag Song Art History & Archeology Performing Arts Department Veteran Song Department Kathryn M. Buder Charitable Victory Song (Post Colors) Biology Department Foundation Center for Diversity Inclusion Faculty, Staff, and Students of the Invocation Center for Humanities Brown School Introductions Diversity Awareness Partnership Washington University in St. Louis East Asian Languages & Cultures St.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Powvwows
    Indian Education for All Your Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Pow Wows Thanks to: Murton McCluskey, Ed.D. Revised January 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................................... 1 History of the Pow Wow ............................................... 2-3 The Pow Wow Committee ............................................ 4 Head Staff ............................................................. 4 Judges and Scoring................................................ 4-6 Contest Rules and Regulations ................................... 7 Singers..................................................................... 7 Dancers................................................................... 8 The Grand Entry................................................... 8 Pow Wow Participants.......................................... 9 The Announcer(s) ................................................ 9 Arena Director....................................................... 9 Head Dancers......................................................... 9 The Drum, Songs and Singers..................................... 10 The Drum...............................................................10 Singing..................................................................... 10-11 The Flag Song........................................................ 12 The Honor Song.................................................... 12 The Trick Song.......................................................12 Dances and Dancers.......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Style Powwow Music: Musical Features and Meanings Anna Hoefnagels
    Northern Style Powwow Music: Musical Features and Meanings Anna Hoefnagels Abstract: Modern powwows are important social rituals closely linked to expressing affirmations of Native identities. Based on her fieldwork in southwestern Ontario and Southern Alberta, Anna Hoefnagels explores methods of classifying powwow music that may serve as pedagogical tools, and ways of teaching and understanding Northern- style powwow music._____________________________________________________________________________ Music is the central feature of contemporary powwows, around which other activities—including dancing, socializing, and shopping—revolve. Physically, the musicians and their drums, called drum groups or Drums, are at the centre of the powwow, with a series of concentric circles emanating from the Drums in the form of dance area, audience, vendors and the camping area. The Drums provide the music that accompanies the dancers, which is the central and most spectacular aspect of the powwow. Powwow songs have common features with one another; yet when one listens closely to these songs, one realizes that the songs are quite distinct from one another. There are regional differences in powwow singing, due to the geographical and tribal origins of both the songs and the musicians. However, to the uninitiated, powwow songs may all sound the same. Fortunately, as Tara Browner (2000) indicates, “pow-wow music exists in a Pan-tribal (as opposed to tribal-specific) context, [so] the vocabulary its musicians use when talking about song making and performance is almost entirely in English...” (p. 215). Despite potential political conflicts regarding language and terminology, this shared vocabulary makes conversations with musicians about their music much easier than they would be if there were different or specific descriptive vocabulary.
    [Show full text]
  • Pow-Wow Guide | Page 2 Stories You Should Be Aware of by Marci Becking Restoule from Dokis First Nation
    SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Ph: 705-497-9127 | Toll Free: 1-877-702-5200 /Anishinabek Nation #anishnation Message from Grand Council Chief Aanii,Boozhoo! community celebration. Every detail you attend to On behalf of the Anishinabek ensures that your community Nation, it gives me great upholds tradition, celebrates new pleasure to welcome you to the life, and honours our ancestors, 24th Annual Great Lakes Pow- our warriors, and our Elders. Wow guide. I am always proud to dance in This incredible publication your circle. serves as the planning tool for Tradition. The sharing of our many families who rely on it to customs throughout generations plan their pow-wow trail journey is the thread that binds us within Anishinabek territory and together and makes us stronger. beyond. While we see many things After the winter of 2018, change as progress infl uences our which at the time of writing, lives, those ole ways of knowing doesn’t seem to want to end, I and doing that have been tried am certain that we will dance and tested throughout time have a little harder, sing a bit louder, survived for a reason. and laugh a whole lot more as we Our worldview and unrelenting come together to celebrate being commitment to reclamation of Anishinaabe and showcasing our our language, our lands, our proud heritage. dance and our songs – our identity my pleasure to represent our As I refl ect over the years as as Anishinabek are worthy of proud and mighty nation over Grand Council Chief and the celebration and this is what pow- these many years.
    [Show full text]
  • FOLK DANCER/ONLINE INDEX Vol. 1 No.1 (Summer 1969) to Vol. 51 No
    FOLK DANCER/ONLINE INDEX Vol. 1 No.1 (Summer 1969) to Vol. 51 No. 5 (December 2020), inclusive Written by Karen Bennett. Not indexed: most editorials and like content written by editors while they hold that position; most letters, ads, cartoons, coming events, and photographs; and social announcements, sometimes made in a column whose title varied a lot, including “Hiers Ek Wiers,” “Tidbits,” “From the Grapevine” and “The Back Page”). Not all content was attributed (especially that of Walter Bye and Karen Bennett while they were editors), and reports by OFDA executives aren’t listed under their names, so this combination index/bibliography doesn’t include under a person’s name everything they wrote. Abbreviations used: ''AGM'' stands for Annual General Meeting, "bio" for biography, “fd” for folk dance, IFD for international folk dance,“info.” for information, "J/J/A" for June/July/August, and "OFDC" for Ontario Folk Dance Camp, and “IFDC” for the International Folk Dance Club, University of Toronto. The newsletter title has been variously OFDA, OFDA Newsletter, Ontario Folk Dance Association Newsletter, Ontario Folk Dance Association Magazine, Ontario Folkdancer, Ontario FolkDancer, Folk Dancer: The Magazine of World Dance and Culture, and Folk Dancer Online: The Magazine of World Dance and Culture. A Alaska: --folk dance cruise, Oct. 15/90 --visit by Ruth Hyde, J/J/A 85 Acadia, see French Canada Albania: Adams, Coby: obituary, J/J/A 86 --dance descriptions: Leši, Oct. 76; Valle Adamczyk, Helena: Jarnana, Jan. 15/96 (p. 8) --“Macedonian Celebration in Hamilton, 27 --dance words:Valle Jarnana, Jan. 15/96 (p.
    [Show full text]
  • WABC-TV a Native American Festival Congratulates
    Lotus Music & Dance presents the Tenth Annual ® DRUMS ALONG THE HUDSON WABC-TV A Native American Festival congratulates t s Honorees u h c S n a l l A y LaDonna Harris b o T y b n g i s & e d a n o d e s Jane Schachat a B for their contributions to humanitarian and environmental Sunday, May 20th, 2012 - 11 am to 6 pm - Inwood Hill Park 218 th Street & Indian Rd. New York City, at the north tip of Manhattan causes at the Tenth Annual Honoring: Drums Along the Hudson LaDonna Harris President of Americans for Indian Opportunity and Jane Schachat Former N. Manhattan Parks Dept. Administrator Featuring: The Thunderbird American Indian Dancers Tom Porter - Mohawk Elder The Mohawk Singers and Dancers with Special Guests: The New York Chinese Cultural Center Jacques d'Amboise's National Dance Institute Kasibahagua Taino Cultural Society Harambee Dance Company Kahurangi Maori Dance Company Tetiana Anderson, Producer & Reporter Hosted by Sandra Bookman Weekend Anchor Eyewitness News WABC-TV LOTUS MUSIC A FREE EVENT & DANCE Please visit one of our Wishing Wells in the park to make a donation in City of New York Parks & Recreation support of Drums Along the Hudson and Lotus Music & Dance, or go online to www.lotusmusicanddance.org/donate As the producer of DRUMS ALONG THE HUDSON, LOTUS MUSIC & DANCE gratefully acknowledges the support of... WABC-TV NYC & Company Foundation New York City Department of Cultural Affairs Mutable Music Captain Planet Foundation New York City Council Member Robert Jackson Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer Erich Ely - Associate Athletics Director for Facilities Operations, Columbia University Special thanks to: Sandra Bookman WABC-TV Thomas Buckner Saundra Thomas WABC-TV Jeanne Parnell, WHCR-FM Radio, 90.3 FM Manhattan Community Board 12 Michelle & Richard Turner Family C-Town Supermarket Domino's Pizza Carrot Top Pastries Tetiana Anderson Desiree Gayle Barbara Lewis Bob Gray Special Groups of Volunteers: TimeBanksNYC Build On St.
    [Show full text]
  • Bozeman Public Schools Indian Education for All
    Bozeman Public Schools Indian Education for All Name of Lesson: Pow Wows Subject Area Focus: Music Grade Level: 7-8 Prepared by: Hollie Sexton *Overview Discuss basic tradition and history of Pow Wows and the importance of Pow & Purpose/ Wows to the American Indian culture then and now. Also discuss what you might Essential see at a Pow Wow and the guidelines the musicians and dancers have to follow. Questions (see Accompanied by drumming and singing students will then perform a traditional UbD handout) American Indian women and men dance. How do Pow Wows keep Indian traditions alive and why is that important? What about this tradition makes Native American tribes unique/different to other cultures and their traditions? *Materials * Your Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Pow Wows * Song “O Hal Lwe” from Multicultural Perspectives in Music Education * Hand drums/Gathering drums/Rattles * Dvd- Moving Within The Circle (Most materials may be found in the Indian Education Music Trunk) *Time Required 1 hour and 30 minutes *IEFA Essential 1: There is great diversity among the 12 tribal nations of Montana in their Understanding(s) language, cultures, histories and governments. Each Nation has a distinct and unique cultural heritage that contributes to modern Montana. 3: the ideologies of Native traditional beliefs and spirituality persist into modern day life as trivial cultures, traditions, and languages are still practiced by many American Indian people and are incorporated into how tribes govern and manage their affairs. *MT State National Standards for Music Education standard 1: Singing, alone and with Content others, a varied repertoire of music.
    [Show full text]
  • A Street Dance Toolkit
    University of Northern Colorado Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC Master's Theses Student Research 12-8-2020 FROM CONCRETE TO THE CLASSROOM: A STREET DANCE TOOLKIT Tarayjah Hoey-Gordon [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digscholarship.unco.edu/theses Recommended Citation Hoey-Gordon, Tarayjah, "FROM CONCRETE TO THE CLASSROOM: A STREET DANCE TOOLKIT" (2020). Master's Theses. 182. https://digscholarship.unco.edu/theses/182 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2020 TARAYJAH HOEY-GORDON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO Greeley, Colorado The Graduate School FROM CONCRETE TO THE CLASSROOM: A STREET DANCE TOOLKIT A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Of Masters of Arts Tarayjah Hoey-Gordon College of Performing and Visual Arts School of Theatre Arts and Dance Dance Education December 2020 This Thesis by: Tarayjah Hoey-Gordon Entitled: From Concrete to the Classroom: A Street Dance Toolkit ​ has been approved as meeting the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in College of Performing and Visual Arts in School of Theatre Arts and Dance, Program of Dance Education Accepted by the Thesis Committee: _______________________________________________________ Christy O’Connell-Black, M.A., Chair, Advisor ___________________________________________ Sandra L. Minton, Ph.D., Committee Member Accepted by the Graduate School: __________________________________________________________ Jeri-Anne Lyons, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Dance Wednesday Lesson Package
    Phone (Student Services): 306-585-5748 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.uregina.ca/cce/conservatory Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/uofr.conservatory/ Dance Lesson Plans Developed and Compiled by Erik a Folnović & Jennifer Taylor Created Learn along with members of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre as they dance out different emotions with Sesame Street’s Elmo. Watch the Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMDquZqH-EE Guided Learning: How did the dancers change their movements to express the different emotions? Think about body (what parts of their body did they move and what was their facial expression), time (how fast or slow did they move), space (how high or low and where on the floor did they move), and energy (how light or strong were the movements). Play dance charades by writing down at least 10 emotions on slips of paper. Draw them from a hat or bowl one by one and see if you can create a dance to express that new emotion. Learn More: Alvin Ailey founded the American Dance Theater in 1958 to carry out his vision of a company dedicated to enriching the American modern dance heritage and preserving the uniqueness of the African-American cultural experience. He pioneered programs promoting arts in education, particularly those benefiting underserved communities. Throughout his lifetime, he was awarded numerous distinctions. https://www.alvinailey.org/ 2 Learn more about legendary contemporary dancer, Martha Graham, by watching this video presented by the Kennedy Centre Education Digital Learning danced by the Martha Graham Dance Company in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • American Indian Music: Even More Than Drums and Flutes a Guide to American Indian Music
    American Indian Music: Even More Than Drums and Flutes A Guide to American Indian Music Prepared for the Montana Office of Public Instruction By Scott S. Prinzing, M.Ed. MusEco Media and Education Project www.MusEco.org www.EvenMore.tv Published Winter 2009 Revised January 2015 Introduction 3 Traditional American Indian Music 4 Issues to Consider for Music Educators 4 Development of American Indian Music 5 Traditional Music 5‐6 Developments by Genre 7‐12 Contemporary American Indian Music Web Resource List 13‐14 Contemporary Popular Musicians with Indian Ancestry 15 American Indian Musicians in Montana 16‐19 Montana Indian Music Hall of Fame 20 Native American Music Awards 21 American Indian Music and General Web Resources 22 Select Bibliography 23 Acknowledgments 22 About the Author 22 Appendix 25 Lesson Plan 1 25‐27 Lesson Plan 2 28‐30 Introduction The goal of American Indian Music: Even More Than Drums and Flutes is to assist Montana teachers in incorporating an appreciation for Indian music into school music and social studies curricula to meet Indian Education for All criteria. There is often confusion regarding terminology related to the study of the history and culture of the indigenous people of the North American continent. For the purposes of this handbook, the term “Native American” refers to the original human inhabitants (and their descendants) of this continent at the time of first recorded European contact (1492), including the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands. The term “American Indian” (or “Indian”) will refer primarily to the original inhabitants of the contiguous United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Guide for Educators and Students Grades 4–12
    Resource Guide for Educators and Students Grades 4–12 What is traditional music? It’s music that's passed on from one person to another, music that arises from one or more cultures, from their history and geography. It's music that can tell a story or evoke emotions ranging from celebratory joy to quiet reflection. Traditional music is usually played live in community settings such as dances, people's houses and small halls. In each 30-minute episode of Carry On™, musical explorer and TikTok sensation Hal Walker interviews a musician who plays traditional music. Episodes air live, allowing students to pose questions. Programs are then archived so you can listen to them any time from your classroom or home. Visit Carry On's YouTube channel for live shows and archived episodes. Episode 2, Jake Kouwe Jake Kouwe is an accordion player in the Cleveland, Ohio area. He leads the Chardon Polka Band, a group he founded in 2003 with the help of four high school friends. Jake got his start at age 14 when he saw Weird Al Yankovic on TV playing the "Accordion Boogie," an old rock 'n roll song from the 1950s. Jake's parents got him a thrift-store accordion and he fell in love with the instrument and with polka music. Polka music and dance originated in a central European region known as Bohemia, located in modern-day Czechoslovakia. The story of polka—fact or legend, depending on who you ask!—is that around 1830 a young peasant girl invented new dance steps to a lively tune.
    [Show full text]