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High-Level Nuclear Wastes and the Environment: Analyses of Challenges and Engineering Strategies
World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2012, 2, 89-105 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2012.23015 Published Online July 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/wjnst) High-Level Nuclear Wastes and the Environment: Analyses of Challenges and Engineering Strategies Mukhtar Ahmed Rana Physics Division, Directorate of Science, PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan Email: [email protected], [email protected] Received February 11, 2012; revised April 2, 2012; accepted April 19, 2012 ABSTRACT The main objective of this paper is to analyze the current status of high-level nuclear waste disposal along with presen- tation of practical perspectives about the environmental issues involved. Present disposal designs and concepts are ana- lyzed on a scientific basis and modifications to existing designs are proposed from the perspective of environmental safety. A new concept of a chemical heat sink is introduced for the removal of heat emitted due to radioactive decay in the spent nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste, and thermal spikes produced by radiation in containment materi- als. Mainly, UO2 and metallic U are used as fuels in nuclear reactors. Spent nuclear fuel contains fission products and transuranium elements which would remain radioactive for 104 to 108 years. Essential concepts and engineering strate- gies for spent nuclear fuel disposal are described. Conceptual designs are described and discussed considering the long-term radiation and thermal activity of spent nuclear fuel. Notions of physical and chemical barriers to contain nu- clear waste are highlighted. A timeframe for nuclear waste disposal is proposed and time-line nuclear waste disposal plan or policy is described and discussed. -
Proseminar Theoretical Physics PHY391
Proseminar Theoretical Physics PHY391 Massimiliano Grazzini University of Zurich FS21, February 22, 2021 Introduction A selection of topics in theoretical physics relevant for high-energy and condensed matter physics Each student is supposed to give one presentation and to attend at least 80% of the presentations by the other students Active participation is required Assistants: Luca Buonocore Bastien Lapierre Chiara Savoini Ben Stefanek Luca Rottoli 1) Lorentz and Poincare groups Quantum mechanics is an intrinsically nonrelativistic theory. A change of viewpoint — moving from wave equations to quantum field theory — is necessary in order to make it consistent with special relativity. For this reason, it is therefore paramount to understand how Lorentz symmetry is realised in a quantum setting. Besides invariance under Lorentz transformation, invariance under space-time translations is another necessary requirement in the construction of quantum field theory. Translations plus Lorentz transformation form the inhomogeneous Lorentz group, or the Poincaré group. The study of the Poincaré group and its representation allows one to understand how the concept of particle emerges. References: M. Maggiore, A Modern Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, Ch. 2. Luca R 2) Noether theorem You have already seen that in physics we have a deep relation between symmetries and conserved quantities (translation invariance -> momentum conservation; space isotropy -> angular momentum conservation…) The Noether theorem states that every continuous symmetry of the action functional leads to a conservation law derivation of the theorem starting from a classical field Lagrangian (Goldstein chap. 12.7) application of the theorem in the case of invariance under translations and Lorentz transformations: energy-momentum and angular momentum conservation (Itzykson-Zuber chap. -
Back to Main
Newsletter of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission September-October,2002 Back to Main Chairman PAEC addresses 46th Regular Session of the IAEA General Conference Pakistan seeks IAEA cooperation to build more nuclear power plants There is a close relationship between peace, economic growth and technology. While deliberating upon relationship between technology and economic growth, the importance of energy can hardly be overemphasized. Pakistan's limited hydro and fossil fuel resources are not sufficient to cater for an ever increasing demand of energy. The nuclear option in our national energy strategy has taken a firm footing. This was stated by Mr. Parvez Butt, while addressing as the leader of the delegation from Pakistan to the 46th Regular Session of the IAEA General Conference, held at Vienna, Austria, from 16- 20 September, 2002. Excerpts from his address: "We are encouraged by the recent positive shift in attitude towards nuclear energy at the international level. The Agency's annual report for the year 2001 predicts even better prospects for nuclear power. We, in Pakistan, want to build more safeguarded nuclear power plants and seek the cooperation and assistance of the member states of IAEA. The construction and operation of nuclear power plant not only has direct economic advantage but creates thousands of job opportunities", he said. Pakistan fully supports the importance of International Project on Innovative Nuclear Re- actors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) and the need for accelerating the activities in this regard. Pakistan is actively participating in IAEA's nuclear desalination project and working on the establishment of a demonstration nuclear desalination facility at our Karachi Nuclear Power Plant with the help of IAEA. -
International Centre for Theoretical Physics
IC/79M INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS NON-LEPTONIC RADIATIVE DECAYS OF HYPERONS IN A GAUGE-INVARIANT THEORY Riazuddin and Fayyazuddln INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION 1979 MIRAMARE-TRIESTE IC/T9M I. INTRODUCTION l) 2l It has recently been shown ' that the contributions from the quark- International Atomic Energy Agency quark scattering processes s+ u •* u + d through the W~ exchange and and s + d ~* q + q through a gluon exchange (yhere one gluon vertex, s -t d + g, is United Nations Educational Scientific and Culturaa Organization weak, while the other, q. + q + g, is strong) to the effective non-leptonic INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS Hamiltonian give a good description of non-leptonic decays of hyperons and ff. Such contributions involve four quark operators and for the purpose of calculating the matrix elements ^B |H*IC1B )> . the non-relativistic quark model together with SU(6) wave functions for baryons are used; the low- lying baryona Br are regarded as an a-wave three-quark system. In this T limit <^BaJH*' '|Br y =i 0. The purpose of this paper is to extend the above considerations to non-leptonic radiative decays of hyperona. The effective HOH-LEPTOBIC RADIATIVE DECAYS OF HYPEROKS IB A GAUGE-INVARIANT THEORY • parity-violating Hamiltonian for such decays is obtained in a gauge-invariant way from the corresponding Hamiltonian for ordinary non-leptonic decays, vhile Riozuddln • the parity-conserving radiative decoys are simply given by baryon poles. As International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, we shall see,it is possible to get a satisfactory description of non-leptonic radiative decays of hyperons in the above picture. -
Summary of ICTP Activities in Support of Science in Pakistan
Summary of ICTP activities in support of science in Pakistan ICTP Public Information Office 13/09/2013 ICTP Visitors from Pakistan 1983-2012* 120 114 95 100 92 87 79 76 80 72 72 69 65 60 60 62 56 55 57 60 53 5452 Visitors 50 49 46 43 4142 42 40 40 38 Female** 40 26 20 0 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 *For the period 1970-1982, 293 visitors came from Pakistan; the total number of visitors is 2080. Average presence of women since 2001 is 20% of total visits 2001-2012. **Data on female visitors not available before 2001. } Scientific visitors from Pakistan ◦ 2080 (1970-2012) ◦ 170 women since 2001 (20%) } Pakistani participation in ICTP Programmes ◦ 18 Affiliates (From 17 Federated Institutes) ◦ 104 Associate Members (6 female) ◦ 39 Diploma Students (16 female) ◦ 31 Elettra Users Participants (4 female) ◦ 21 TRIL Fellows (3 female) ◦ 10 STEP Fellows (5 female) } Abdus Salam ◦ Member of Pakistani delegation to IAEA calls for creation of an international centre for theoretical physics at IAEA's 4th General Conference in Vienna in 1960 ◦ ICTP Founding Director 1964-1993 ◦ Nobel Laureate 1979 ◦ ICTP President 1994-1996 } ICTP Prize ◦ Abdullah Sadiq, 1987 } ICO/ICTP Prize ◦ Imrana Ashraf Zahid, 2004 ◦ Arbab Ali Khan, 2000 } ICTP Prize in Medical Physics, 2010 ◦ Shakera Khatoon Rizvi ◦ Muhammad Asif } Premio Borsellino, 2010 (from SIBPA) ◦ Fouzia Bano } Delegation from the Ministry of Science and Technology ◦ Visited ICTP in 2013 Akhlaq Ahmad Tarar, Secretary Farid Ahmad Tarar, Counsellor for Trade at the Pakistani Embassy in Rome } Delegation of COMSATS ◦ Visited ICTP in 2012 Imtinan Elahi Qureshi COMSATS Executive Director S.M. -
Long-Distance Contribution to the Muon-Polarization Asymmetry in K¿\¿Μ¿Μà
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, VOLUME 65, 076001 Long-distance contribution to the muon-polarization asymmetry in K¿\¿µ¿µÀ Giancarlo D’Ambrosio* and Dao-Neng Gao† Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universita` di Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy ͑Received 9 November 2001; published 28 February 2002͒ ⌬ We reexamine the calculation of the long-distance contribution to the muon-polarization asymmetry LR , which arises, in Kϩ!ϩϩϪ, from the two-photon intermediate state. The parity-violating amplitude of this process, induced by the local anomalous KϩϪ␥*␥* transition, is analyzed; unfortunately, one cannot expect to predict its contribution to the asymmetry by using chiral perturbation theory alone. Here we evaluate ⌬ this amplitude and its contribution to LR by employing a phenomenological model called the FMV model ͑factorization model with vector couplings͒, in which the use of the vector and axial-vector resonance ex- change is important to soften the ultraviolet behavior of the transition. We find that the long-distance contri- bution is of the same order of magnitude as the standard model short-distance contribution. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.076001 PACS number͑s͒: 11.30.Er, 12.39.Fe I. INTRODUCTION ͉⌫ Ϫ⌫ ͉ ⌬ ϭ R L ͑ ͒ LR ⌫ ϩ⌫ , 3 The measurement of the muon polarization asymmetry in R L ϩ!ϩϩϪ the decay K is expected to give some valuable ⌫ ⌫ where R and L are the rates to produce right- and left- information on the structure of the weak interactions and ϩ flavor mixing angles ͓1–6͔. -
Quaid-I-Azam University Department of Mathematics M
QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS M. Phil. Produced (1967 to 2018) Year of Name of Supervisor S# Name of Student Award of Dissertation Title/Approved on Approved on Degree Muhammad Idrees 1 1967 Dr. Q.K. Ghori On the Second Method of Liapunov & its applications to the steady motion of gyroscope Ch. 2 Miss Kulsoom Aijaz 1967 DR. S.A. Haq Ivestigation in the category of graded algebras Muhammad Abdur 3 1967 Dr. Q.K. Ghori Stability in the Large of the two differential Equations Rahim Muhammad Aslam 4 1967 Dr. A.H. Baloch Linear regression with auto correlated errors. Noor 5 M. Siddique Ansari 1967 Dr. A.H. Baloch Specification errors in Linear Model 6 Munawar Hussain 1967 Dr. Q.K. Ghori Absolute stability of Non-Linear control systems 7 Muhammad Nazir 1968 Dr. Q.K. Ghori The Problem of centre and focus 8 Miss Khalida Inayat 1968 Dr. Q.K. Ghori Singularities of the systems of two differential equations 9 Abdul Rashid 1969 Dr. A.H. Baloch Convegence Theory in Statistics M. Phil. Produced (1967 to 2018) Department of Mathematics 1 of 91 Year of Name of Supervisor S# Name of Student Award of Dissertation Title/Approved on Approved on Degree 10 A.B. Masudul Alam Ch. 1969 Dr. A.H. Baloch Multicillinearity problems in linear models 11 Miss Razia Begum 1969 Dr. Q.K. Ghori Singular points and limit cycles 12 Miss Khudaja Begum 1969 Dr. Q.K. Ghori On conditions for existence of stable & unstable centres. 13 Shaukat Hussain 1969 Dr. C.M. Hussain Three Dimensional rotation Group 14 Hafiz Ali Muhammad 1970 Dr. -
For Website UNCLAIMED DIVIDEND and SHARES 1964-2016 INTERIM
MURREE BREWEREY CO. LTD. 3-National Park Road, Rawalpindi Unclaimed Dividend and Shares from 1964 to 2016 as on 30-06-2019 Sr Name of Shareholder/ Certificate holder Nationality CNIC/ Incorporation Old Folio / CD New Folio No. of Unclaimed Amount of No./ Registration Acct No. No. Shares Unclaimed No. Dividend 1 MR AHMED ABDUL REHMAN NOOR AHMED INDIA NA A004 10004 6,881 673,098 2 MRS ALMANI D DUBASH INDIA NA A006 10006 - 6,478 3 MR AMAR NATH RAWALPINDI NA A008 10008 7,055 330,961 4 MR ABDUL RAHIM DADI KARACHI NA A018 10018 - 6,611 5 MR AKHTAR ALI BHIMJI KARACHI NA A023 10023 352 19,138 6 MRS A C KEADY UK NA A024 10024 - 81 7 MR A S TURNER ESQR UK NA A034 10034 - 912 8 MR ANWAR AHMED WARRIACH LAHORE NA A040 10040 536 39,103 9 M/S ADAMJEE SONS LTD KARACHI NA A044 10044 - 295 10 MR ABA UMAR NOOR MOHAMMAD CHITTAGONG NA A049 10049 - 170 11 MR AMANULLAH SHEIKHZADA KARACHI NA A050 10050 - 771 12 MR ABDUL MANAN MOZANDAR KARACHI NA A059 10059 - 319 13 MR AMIN ISSA TAI KARACHI NA A060 10060 - 1 14 MR A QUDDUS KARACHI NA A065 10065 - 14 15 MR A R KHAN KARACHI NA A066 10066 92 7,565 16 MR AFTAB ALI GAZDAR KARACHI NA A070 10070 271 26,734 17 MRS ASMA AFZAL KARACHI NA A071 10071 - 111 18 LT COL AIJAZ AHMAD KHAN KHOSKI, BADIN NA A073 10073 2,810 203,145 19 MRS AKHTAR BANOO LAHORE NA A078 10078 134 7,945 20 MR ABDUL RAUF GILL LAHORE NA A082 10082 71 6,443 21 MR ABDULLA HAJI KARACHI NA A083 10083 84 5,774 22 MR ABOOBAKAR SULEMAN KARACHI NA A087 10087 - 2,412 23 MR AZAR AWAN KARACHI NA A088 10088 186 15,883 24 MR AHMED DADA KARACHI NA A095 10095 - 8,727 25 MR ABDULLAH GULAB SHAIKH KARACHI NA A098 10098 235 16,514 26 MR ANJUM M SALEEM FAISALABAD. -
The Man Who Designed Pakistan's Nukes Just Died
The Man Who Designed Pakistan’s Nukes Just Died – And No One Noticed by Pervez Hoodbhoy Riazuddin 10 November 1930 – 9 September 2013 When Riazuddin—that was his full name—died in September at age 82 in Islamabad , international science organizations extolled his contributions to high- energy physics. But in Pakistan, his passing was little noticed. except for a few newspaper lines and a small reference held a month later at Quaid-e-Azam University, where he had taught for decades. In fact, very few Pakistanis have heard of the self-effacing and modest scientist who drove the early design and development of Pakistan’s nuclear program. Riazuddin never laid any claim to fathering the bomb—a job that requires the efforts of many—and after setting the nuclear ball rolling, he stepped aside. But without his theoretical work, Pakistan’s much celebrated bomb makers, who knew little of the sophisticated physics critically needed to understand a fission explosion, would have been shooting in the dark. A bomb maker and peacenik, conformist and rebel, quiet but firm, religious yet liberal, Riazuddin was one of a kind.. Mentored by Dr. Abdus Salam, his seminal role in designing the bomb is known to none except a select few. Spurred by Salam Born in Ludhiana in 1930 the twin brothers, Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin, were often mistaken for each other. Like other lower middle class Muslim children living in a religiously divided community, they attended the Islamia High School run by the Anjuman-i-Islamia philanthropy. The school had no notable alumni, and was similar to the town’s single public and two Hindu-run schools. -
Letters to the Editor
Letters to the Editor Mathematics in Pakistan ones on account of its more rigorous We found the article “The Abdus requirements for its postgraduate Salam School of Mathematical Sci- programs and the broad base pro- ences in Pakistan” by Loring W. Tu vided. It has already started pro- (Notices, August 2011) very interest- ducing extremely good Ph.D.’s and ing. It is highly commendable that M.Phils. in mathematics and physics, the efforts made in Pakistan to im- many of whom have already received prove the state of education in gen- international recognition. eral and mathematics, in particular, The COMSATS Institute of Infor- are acknowledged and appreciated mation Technology is producing the internationally. It is also desirable largest quantum of mathematical re- that these actions get support from search in the country and a very large mathematicians across the globe as number of research graduates. As at well as phase. A picture using this mathematics is essentially an interna- the SMS and QAU, the graduates are scheme appeared in the Mathematical tional activity. These include specific more limited in their backgrounds. Art Exhibit at the Joint Mathematics forms of support mentioned in this The Lahore University of Manage- Meetings in San Antonio in January article for SMS as well. ment Sciences started a graduate 2006 [see accompanying graphic]. As efforts towards improving the program in mathematics a long time Visual Basic code for this color map- state of education and research in ago. However, it did not become a ping can be found at http://w. Pakistan do not get much interna- major producer of graduates or re- american.edu/cas/mathstat/ tional attention, we have an appre- search at the time. -
S Lsymmetry CONCEPTS MODERN PHYSIC~
PAKISTAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION BHil'!;!' .,. ',0 Y LEMDl~JC' • , 'l"q ,.,11 _ _, ;r.·'.~ 2 L I 11"'>1\ ..•· . - -- i W44-3266 '. ,:S lSYMMETRY CONCEPTS IN MODERN PHYSIC~ / '6 ( .Iqbal Memorial Lectureij By ?-- '. ABDUS \SALAM M. A. (Pb.), Ph.D. (Cantab.), D. Sc. (Pb.), F. R. S., S. Pk. Professor of Theoretical Physics . Imperial College of Science & Technology, London (England). ATOMIC ENERGY CENTRE, LAHORE. -=t· 1 9 6 6 EDITORS' NOTE This book is essentially the Iqbal Memorial Lectures delivered by Professor Abdus Salam on Radio Pakistan in March, 1965. Some diagrams FAYYAZUDDIN and tables have been added. As Professor Salam has not read these lectures in the final M. A. RASHID form, we are responsible for all the errors. Fayyazuddin Muneer Ahmad Rashid Published by the Atomic Energy Centre, Lahore (Pakistan), 1966 PRINTED BY A, HAMllllD KHAN AT FllROZSONS LIMITED, LAHORll. v During March 1965, I was privileged to deliver the first Iqbal Memorial lectures at the invita tion of Radio Pakistan. This is a reprint of the lectures where I took as my theme Symmetry Concepts in Modern Physics. Iqbal was our greatest poet, our deepest thinker. I take pride in the association of his name with these lectures for two reasons. Firstly, as a true philosopher Iqbal fully recog nized that there is no finality in philosophical thinking and that the progress of all philoso phical thought must depend on new discoveries in the field of science. Again and again in his lectures on the reconstruction of Religious Thought, he points towards the possibility of breakthroughs still to come in the field of physics which may give a new outlook to philo sophy. -
Historical Variations in the Specialized Subjects of the Elected Fellows of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences
Historical Variations in the Specialized Subjects of the Elected Fellows 251 Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 48 (4): 251-260 (2011) Pakistan Academy of Sciences Copyright © Pakistan Academy of Sciences ISSN: 0377 - 2969 Review Article Historical Variations in the Specialized Subjects of the Elected Fellows of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences Shafiq Ahmad Khan1 and M.M. Qurashi2 1 4-A, PCSIR, ECHS, Phase-1, Canal Bank Road, Lahore 2 Pakistan Association for History & Philosophy of Sciences, c/o Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Sector G-5/2, Constitution Avenue, Islamabad Abstract: The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (PAS) was inaugurated on 16th February 1953 by the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din. The Academy is a non-governmental and non-political supreme body of distinguished scientists, to which the Government has entrusted the consultative and advisory status. The affairs of the Academy are regulated by its Charter and the Bye- Laws approved by its Fellows who are elected through the prescribed procedure. Since its establishment, the Academy has elected 162 scientists belonging to all branches of science as its Fellows during a period of 58 years (i.e., 1953-2010) at an average of 2.8 Fellows per year. However, no Fellows were elected for 10 years (i.e., 1955, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1969, 1975, 1981, 1985 and 1987) and, therefore, the average induction-rate works out to be about 3.5 Fellows per year during a period of 48 years. A comparison of the number of Fellows elected per decade during 50 years (i.e.,1961-2010) in physical and bio-sciences is provided and depicted graphically, showing the variation trend regarding the specialized fields of the elected Fellows for the studied five decades.