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Information This Bibliography Attempts to Pull Together DOCUMENT RESUME 1D 101 421 EA 006 698 AUTHOR Clark, Robert A. TITLE Selected References on Land Use Inventory Methods. Exchange Bibliography No. 92. INSTITUTION Council of Planning Librarians, Monticello, Ill. PUB DATE Jul 69 NOTE 18p. AVAILABLE FROM Council of Planning Librarians, P.O. Box 229, Monticello, Illinois 61856 ($1.50) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$1.58 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Bibliographies; Classification; *Data Processing; *Facility Planning; Geographic Location; *Information Systems; *Land Use; Maps; Methods; Transportation; Zoning IDENTIFIERS Inventory Methods ABSTRACT This bibliography attempts to pull together the land use methodology techniques that h been evolving in major transportation studies and developiag in conventional planning agencies. In a commentary preceding the 83 references, the author discusses the state -of- the -art of land use methodology. The major components of a land use inventory are identified as: place, or some form of geographic identification; a measure of quantity or intensity, such as area of the parcel; and classification of the land use or activity through a coding system. (Author/MLF) BEST COPY AVAILABLE Council of Planning LibrariansEXCHANGE BIBLIOGRAPHY July 1969 92 SELECTED REFERENCES ON LAND USE INVENTORY METHODS Robert A. Clark Associate Professor Department of Regional awl Community Planning, Kansas State University with bibliographic assistance from Miss Susan Pollard, Librarian Santa Clara County ;California) Planning Department r:. N Mrs. Mary Vance, Editor Post Office Box 229 Monticello, Illi2is 61856 COUNCIL OF PLANNING LIBRARIANS Exchange Bibliography 92 SELECTED REFERENCES ON LAND USE INVENTORY METHODS Robert A. Clark, Associate Professor BEST COPY AVAILABLE Department of Regional and Community Planning Kansas State University With bibliographic assistance from Miss Susan Pollard, Librarian, Santa Clara County (California) PlanningDepartment This bibliography represents completion ofa piece of business which was unfinished as a result of the author's leaving the Santa Clara County (California) Planning Department, beforecompleting land use inventory manuals on the County's 1965 and 1967 inventories. References are referred to bysequence number in the following com- mentary, Land use methodology is ina very rapid state of evolution. Although the techniques have been evolving most rapidlyin the major transportation studies, a substantial amount of development hasbeen taking place, virtually unnoticed in the literature, in themore conventional planning agencies. This bibliography, then, attempts to pull thetwo worlds together, and reflects the shelf of documentsupon which the compiler drew most heavily while devising methodology for the 1962, 1965,and 1967 land use inven- tories of Santa Clara County, and trying to lay the groundworkfor a property-oriented information system in that County (see ExchangeBiblio- graphy No. 59, July, 1968 ). Very few of the referenced studies are reportson actual experience: most are in the nature of instruction manuals prepared before work started. Therefore, there is little or no dataon costs of inventory work. Nor is there much in the vay of critical analysis of work proceduresor inventory techniques. TAthout critical analysis basedon hindsight, how is the pro- fession to advance? Because the usual accusation against the landuse inventory supervisor or the research planner has been that the inventory takes a disproportionate share of the agency budget and its usefulness is seriously impairedby the length of time needed to complete it,some thought needs to be given by planners as to what data is the bare minimum neededto operate a suc- cessful planning operation. It has been suggested insome transportation study literature that population (or housing) and employment datamay be sufficient for transportation planning. if the conventional landuse survey can be omitted in transportation planning, for what reason, other than tradition, does the city planner need land use information? Each staff should try to answer this question for itself. As thenature of nlanning practice continues to change, this question needsto be brought up periodically and earlier responses re- evaluated. In the judgment of the author, there are three major components ofa land use inventory. These are; place, orsome form of geographic identifi- cation; a measure of quantity or intensity, such as area of the parcel; 3 BEST COPY P111111.01.E -2- CPL Exchange Bibliography 92 and classification of the land use or activit:; through a coding system. All three of these components ac:! appearing in multiple in recent land use surveys. Several kinds of g4 -rraphie references are being used (e.g., parcels, U. S. Census identifiers slid coordinates). Intensity is being shown by numbers of employees, o'etling units, etc., as well as land area. Finally, land use or activity is being shown by not one but several codes reflecting various attributes or "dimensions" of land use. The studies reported in this bibliography reflect some experiences and proposals in these directions. Inventory Method The choice cf land use inventory technique for the prospective inventory supervisor is becoming wider and wider. At the same time, the demand for more and mere kinds of data having their origin in a land use inventory has been increasing rapidly. Today, not only is the land inventory a means for obtaining a visual impression of the city through map representation of land use data, but also a means of obtaining extensive statistical tabu- lations of many kinds of data (17, 18, 50). The growing use of electronic data processing has influenced significantly the means of recording land use data too, and poses a dilemma for those agencies desiring both an annotated map and a hard copy record for use in later data processing steps. The traditional practice in city planning agencies has been to record field observations directly on work maps from which display maps were meide later (4, 5, 17, 26, 37, 41, 45, 51, 61, 63, 64, 65, 79). Now, however, increasing use is being made of field natation directly on field listing sheets which are keyed to the related maps (6, 7, 21, 22, 31, 43, 54, 66, 72, 75, 78). This dilemma may be resolved in the future by full use of the capabilities of improved hardware, such as digitizer-keyboard combinations for recording field notes, as well as by making mapped boundaries machine readable and measuring land areas (10, 18, 24, 36, 37, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 80). On the output side will be found computer- plotter combinations, capable of reproducing annotated maps at any scale and providing the desired tabulations too (24, 53). F: hat have been the choices up to now? The traditional method, as mentioned above, has been to record field observations directly on large scale maps. Strangely enough, this traditional method still may be the most econonical method of obtaining data in the absence of fully opera- tional property information systems. Field work has usually profited from the availability of current aerial photography, either as a means of checking field work through photo interpretation or by serving as a substitute bnse maps (4, 5, 10, 17, 33, 50, 51, 64, 66). It appears likely that p2.2uflers will eventually be able to obtain composite aerial photo-properti. 1.ne maps at reasonable cost that will be ideal field maps (4) . In a few metropolitan areas, the metropolitan agency has passed on the data collect:.(yi job to the cities within the region. This has taken the form of ei00.: adapting land use studies already performed within the region, or setting up standard specifications for field notes and co- ordinating the field work (7, 44, 48, 49, 59, 61, 63, 64). The metropolitan agency then performs all necessary data processing. 4 BEST COPYAVAIL/ICLE .3. CPL EY....Lenge Bibliography 92 The possibility of sampling of actual landuse rather than taking a one hundred percent fipld survey has been talked about formany years. A recent study by Lhe Northeastern IllinoisPlanning Commission is an interesting attempt to updatean inventory by sampling (52). Increasing use is beinn; made of secondarysources to augment the information collectedin ao field. Although the practices have differed widely between agencies, the emphasis has beenon using state unemploy- ment security agency data asa means of linking land use records with the establishment and employmentdata available from the states (6, 12, 13, 14, 53, 64, 68). However, it hasnot been uncommon for employment and land use data to be gathered independently (11). In California, many agencies have madeuse of the business license permit files from the state salestax agency to obtain establishment data (11, 58, 63, 64). These filesare especially valuable in California because they indicate both situs and mailing addressesas well as owner and fictitious (doing-business-as)names. Such sources are useful also in classification work as type-of-business codesare usually present (SIC codes are ..;sed in the unemployment security tapes) (16, 74). A choice must usually be made between collecting floorarea data by establishment or parcel groundarea data. A common compromise in the transportation studies has been to collect floor area data in central business districts, and major commercial and industrial concentrations (23, 31, 32, 33, 54, 75). Often, the floorarea data has been obtained from measurements made of building outlines from Sanborn fire insurance maps or aerial photos (31, 32, 811. The average planning agency, not affiliated
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