May. 1923] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 123

National Education Association, Chicago, 111. ANNUAL MEETING The Financing of the American Schools— George Drayton Strayer, Professor of School THE following is a tentative program Administration, Teachers College, Columbia of the sixty-first annual meeting of the University, New York City. National Education Association at Training in Service—James F. Hosic, As- Oakland-San Francisco, July 1-6. General sociate Professor of Education, Teachers Col- lege, Columbia University, New York City. evening sessions will be held in the Auditorium Educational Research and the American in San Francisco. The Representative As- School Program—Charles Hubbard Judd, Di- sembly will meet in the Theatre of the Civic rector of the School of Education, University Auditorium at Oakland. About half of the of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Following the meeting there will be a re- departmental and allied meetings will be held ception at Hotel Fairmont, San Francisco. in San Francisco and half in Oakland as in- dicated in the programs. The World Con- TUESDAY MORNING ference on Education will begin on June 28 July 3, 9:00 o'clock and will hold joint meetings with the National Report of Committee on Credentials— Adoption of Rules, Minutes, and Order of Busi- Education Association as indicated. Fore- ness— noons have been given over generally to ses- Reports of Committees—Character Education, sions of the Representative Assembly; after- Illiteracy, Salaries, and Cooperation with noons to departmental and allied meetings American Legion. Other Business. whose programs appear elsewhere; and eve- nings to general sessions. TUESDAY AFTERNOON July 3, 4:00 o'clock SUNDAY AFTERNOON Reception in the Hotel Oakland, Oakland. July X, 4:00 o'clock TUESDAY EVENING Vesper service in the First Congregational Church, Oakland, (The details -will be given in July 3, 7:30 o'clock the official program). Musical Program—7; 30 to 8:00 o'clock. SUNDAY EVENING The American School Program From the Standpoint of the Nation—John July 1, 8:00 o'clock J. Tigert, United States Commissioner of Edu- Concert of Hawaiian Music— cation, Washington,, D. C. The Work of the Pan Pacific Union—Prank From the Standpoint of the State—Thomas P. Bunker, Executive Secretary, Pan. Pacific E. Flnegan, State Superintendent of Public In- Union, Honolulu, T. H. struction, Harrisburg, Pa. The Work of the Pan American Union From the Standpoint of the City—William (Name will appear in official program). L. Ettinger, Superintendent of Schools, New The Work of the American Junior Red York City. Cross—Henry Noble MacCracken, President of From the Standpoint of the Rural School— Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York. Florence M. Hale, State Agent for Rural Edu- cation, Augusta, Maine. MONDAY MORNING July 2, 8:30 o'clock WEDNESDAY MORNING Musical Program—8:30 to 9:00 o'clock. July 4, 10:00 o'clock Address of Welcome to the City of Oakland Greek Theatre, University of California, —John L. Davie, Mayor of Oakland. Berkley, California Address of Welcome to the State of Cali- An educational and patriotic program un- fornia— Will C. Wood, State Superintendent der the joint auspices of the National Educa- of Public Instruction, Sacramento, Cal. tion Association and the American Council of Address in Response—A. E. Winship, Ed- Education. Among those who have been in- itor, Tiie Journal of Education, Boston, Mass. vited to speak are Will C. Wood, State Superin- Thrift Education—Edith McClure Patterson, tendent of Public Instruction, Sacremento, Dayton, Ohio. Calif.; William W. Campbell, President, Uni- Education for Parenthood—Alma L. Binzel, versity of California, Berkeley, Calif.; General Assistant Professor of Child Training, Cornell John J. Pershing, U. S. A.; and Alvin M. Ows- University, Ithaca, New York, and University ley, National Commander, American Legion. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn, Mental Measurements—Lewis M. Terman, THURSDAY MORNING Head of Department of Psychology, Leiand July 5, 9:30 o'clock Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif. Roll call and general business— MONDAY EVENING Reports of Committees—Pensions, Cooperation July 2, 7:30 o'clock with Picture Producers, Rural Schools, Musical Program—7:30 to 8:00 o'clock. Thrift, and other standing committees. Address—William Bishop Owen, President, New Business— 124 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. IV, No. 5

THURSDAY EVENING In order to extend its value to those schools July 5, 7:30 o'clock which did not get an opportunity to co-operate Musical Program—7:30 to 8:00 o'clock. in the test there are included in this article the National Education Association and World Conference on Education directions and lists of words used with ditec- Address—Herbert C. Hoover, Secretary of tions for giving the test. These can be given Commerce, Washington, D. C. (Invited). by the teacher or the principal and the tabu- Address—A Foreign Delegate from Central lations compared with the records of other or South America (Name to be given in official program). Virginia schools as given in the accompanying Address—Princess Santa Borghese, Rome, graphs, and with the Ayres Standard. Italy. As the pupil's papers were sent uncorrect- Address—Augustus O. Thomas, Chairman of Committee on Foreign Relations. ed to the Normal School and were graded and Address—A Foreign Delegate from the Ori- tabulated by the "Tests and Measurements" ent (Name to be given in official program). classes, it was thought unnecessary to include FRIDAY MORNING in the directions sent out methods for deter- July 6, 9:30 o'clock mining standards. However, for the benefit Reports of Executive Committee, Board of of those who care to give the test to their Directors, Treasurer, Board of Trustees, schools the following method as given in Wil- and Foreign Relations Committee. 1 Unfinished Business— son and Hoke's book on How to Measure Reports of Committees on Necrology, Resolu- is suggested: tions, and Nominations. President Harding has been invited to be "If there were 30 pupils in the fourth grade present and deliver an address some time dur- class, that number multiplied by the number ing convention week. He will probably accept of words in the test, 20, would give a total of 600 spellings. Suppose that of these 600 spell- if he finds it possible to carry out his Western ings, 480 were correct. Then 80% of the words itinerary. were correctly spelled. Referring now to Column "O" of the Ayres scale, it will be ob- served that the class, as a whole, is 7% above the standard of the fourth grade pupils in the A STUDY OF SPELLING IN 84 cities which formed the basis for the scale. Suppose that a particular child in the grade THE SCHOOLS OF has spelled 17 words out of the 20. That would mean a grade of 85%. This is better VIRGINIA than the average and only a little below the standard for the fifth grade. In the same way A REPORT OF A RECENT INVESTIGATION the standard of each pupil in the grade may be determined." THE following investigation was carried out by the students of the Harrison- Scope and Reliability of the Test burg State Normal School who were While many factors enter into the giving classified as high school and grammar grade of such a test, such as time of day in which seniors, and who were taking a course in edu- the test was given, the knowledge or ignorance cational tests and measurements. of the fact that it is a test, etc., the directions, Purpose being uniform tends to reduce these factors to While the test was given partly to afford a minimum. Any claim for its reliability as the students an opportunity to become ac- indicating the condition of spelling in Vir- quainted with the technique of testing, it was ginia must rest on the experience of all in- also for the purpose of doing a helpful and vestigators along the same line—that where constructive piece of work for the schools of data have been gathered at random from vari- Virginia. ous sections of a certain division of the coun- It should be understood that there was no try or state, providing such data accumulated intention of making invidious comparisons of one school's work with that of another. constitute say io% of the total, the medians One of the greatest values will be to en- resulting from such data are but slightly dif- able each teacher or principal to find out ferent from the results found when the data where his pupils individually, and his school included are near ioo% of the total. as a whole, stand with regard to an establish- ed standard which is now pretty well recog- iHow to Measure by Wilson and Hoke. nized throughout the United States. New York: The Macmlllan Co.