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E Tuesday, January 30, 1940 . House of Representatives 0 the Committee on Foreign Affairs Washington, D

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E Tuesday, January 30, 1940 . House of Representatives 0 the Committee on Foreign Affairs Washington, D e Tuesday, January 30, 1940 . House of Representatives 0 The Committee on Foreign Affairs Washington, D. C. The committee met at 10 a.m., Honorable Sol Bloom (chairman) presiding. The Chairman. The meeting will kindly come to order. The committee has under consideration three separate bills: H.J. Res. 412, that was introduced by Mr. Fish; H. J. Res. 430, introduced S by Mr. Tenerowicz and H. J. Res. 436, that was introduced by Mr. Alexander. Mr. Fish has invited several witnesses to appear this morning -o , 0 and he will call his own witnesses. If there are oitr witnesses 0 other than those who were requested to be present by Mr. Fish, will -4 you kindly give your names and whom you represent to the clerk of the committee? -1 Mr. Eaton. Are these identical bills? The Chairman. No. There are three bills but I thought it best to proceed the same as we did with neutrality and after hearing the witnesses the committee would determine just what it would like to do. Mr. Kee. They are practically identical, I think, Doctor. Mr. Fish. Mr. Chairman. U The Chairman. Mr. Fish. Mr. Fish. Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee. I would like to make a brief statement in regard to the bill I introduced. My bill is House Joint Resolution 412 which I introduced on January 9. It is worded practically the same as a bill introduced in 1924 to authorize the expenditure of ter millions of dollars for relief of starving women and children in Germany. That bill was sent to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. We held extensive hearings on the bill. It was reported out of the committee by a very large vote and was brought up in the House of Representatives * and passed the House of Representatives by a vote of more than two to one. I dug up that old 1924 bill and used the same wording except I added: "Through the American National Red Cross or such agency or agencies as the President may designate". I think that is the only difference between the bill for German relief and this bill. The amount of money is the same. I am convinced that the situation in Poland is far worse than the situation in Germany in 1923 and 1924. The tragedy of this war so far and the tragedy most likely to continue for some time to come, is the deplorable situation among the women and children of Poland. I think those of you who read today's papers must have been somewhat shocked to find a more or less detailed account of what is going on in that unhappy country. I want to, first, call the attention of the committee to two important points. This bill has nothing to do with our neutrality. It has nothing to do with bills such as aid to the Finns or others who may be in a state of war or who may be invaded and so on. This is an outright grant to help the starving women and children of Poland by sending foodstuff and clothing and medical supplies to that country for the purpose of alleviating the suffering of these unfortunate people. It in no way involves our neutrality. In the second place the issue was raised against the bill of 1924 and undoubtedly will be raised again, that it may not be consistent with the Constitution of the United States to make a grant of ten millions of dollars. That issue was all thrashed out some fifteen or sixteen years ago, both in committee and on the floor of the House. *;s A *-------------" - *--- Members then thought it was distinctly constitutional and precedent was shown where we had done the same thing as far back as 1812 when Congress appropriated $50,000 for relief of people in Vernuela. At that time there were in the House such men as Madison and others who had helped frame the Constitution of the United States. As I say men of that caliber were then in the House and agreed to the proposition. But so far as the constitutionality of this bill is concerned I feel we should let that go over to an executive session and later Ca S on possibly the floor of the House. If we are to err on the consti- o tutionality toBa ror should i .4tnlyb ga"nge tence h humanity and the commandments of religion and God. What we must decide first iS -4 whether there is k need for relief in POladd. Second, is there WtMu m z real distress and are women and children starving in Riand, and will -4 z people die off in large numbers in the next six months and before r- another harvest comes in. SIf we should decide those conditions do not exist then we should not consider this bill. But if there is this tragedy in Poland, we, the richest nation in the world with eighteen billion dollars worth of gold buried in the ground where it serves no purpose, it aa ?ncU*M f me if these facts are developed by thae witnesses and others who may appear later on, then we can well afford to take ten million dollars wrrh of that gold to buy our own foodstuff, of which we have a surplus, and our own cotton and clothing, etc., and ship it over to tAW6 cghgay as a humanegesture. Many people in this country wanted to get us into the League of Nations. Mr. Tinkham and myself opposed that effort. One of the grounds given at that time why we should enter the League of Nations was that we must play our part in the world along humantarian lines, __ __1 _ __ Th^ is the greatest, and I have always believed in doing our part. fail to respond richest nation in the world and its citizens never our part along human- where human sympathies are required. We will do along military lines. tarian lines but I don't believedoing our part bill in no With this statement I shall conclude by saying this is introduced with the same way involves or entangles us in war. It when that country thought that we had in giving relief to Belgium government refuses our found itself under German rule. If the German one shall not urge the cooperation or is opposed to A then I for passage of this bill. is not unneutral? Mr. Tinkham. Who besides yourself says this unneutral in Mr. Fish. I cannot see how it could be considered is agreeable to it as any possible way, Mr. Tinkham. If Germany possibility of Germany was agreeable to Belgium relief then I see no violating our neutrality. There is no Mr. Tinkham. I would like to ask another question: to her for about Poland today. The land that was Poland belonged of it is Russia and twenty or twenty five years. Now, however, some a race exist but there some of it is Germany. The Polish people as There are many is no country called "Poland" that exists today. there is no Poland. Poles in Roumania and many Poles in Paris but the Belgian situation The situation is quite different from that of men and women. where the people had lived for centuries as united there is no Poland. By that I mean as a political unit. But today people who formerly In providing relief that relief must be given to and in what is were in Poland but now scattered, as I say, in Russia situation is a little now Germany and Roumania and Paris. I think the different when you come to examine it closely. in the Mr. Fish. I don't think there is much difference -.....- O.....-1--- -I. I i 4 Belgium situation because the Belgian Army was driven out of Belgium and all of Belguim was under the control of Germany. Mr. Kee. They did have an existing government in Belgium but there is no Polish government in Poland. Mr. Fish. None whatever ht It shiL. t ph mR ing aTpplRes s-e. The existing government of Belgium was in France, quite a few miles from the Belgium border. I think the cases are quite parallel. But the question we have to decide here is whether thnen papile, wVhat,^ thlg-_ *_ t &c .^ 8 r . The information we have is that out of thirty million people ten million of them are o literally starving to death while we have an abundance hep in America. o Mr. Kee. May we not safely assume th , that condition does -4. exist. I think we possibly can all agree that the situation you m > have described actually exists there, but isn't the important question -4 z. for us to consider, the question of the method we are to follow to S get this relief into the hands of those people who need it. As a practical thing we will be sending commodities to a country that no longer exists. The money that we appropriate here and the relief we send may go to aid the oppressor rather than the oppressed. Mr. Fish. This bill provides that the money appropriated shall be placed in the hands of the President who will designate any agency or agencies he deems advisable to distribute it. Now, the President is not going to turn money over to the Germans for German relief. It will be done the way it was done in Belgium, through a commission known as the Polish Relief Commission, which Is already organized, composed of Americans, and/or through the National American Red Cross.
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