FSM6 Conference “Towards A Sustainable Business Model in Sakhipur Municipality, ”

Fariha Nehrin Mili WASH Coordinator BASA Foundation FSM Scenario in Bangladesh

. People practicing open defecation in Bangladesh was reported at 0 % in 2017, according to the World Bank;

. 86% households had access to an improved latrine of which 49% were pit latrines, 24% septic tanks and 13% piped to a sewer system;

. About 2% households had no latrine access and those were decreasing from poorest quintile to wealthiest quintile;

. Currently, 26% of the total population and about 29% of urban population depend on shared facilities.

However, increasing use of on-site sanitation facilities has generated a large demand for fecal sludge management (FSM) to keep the toilets operational. In the absence of effective FSM services, the huge quantities of fecal sludge generated in septic tanks and pits are inaptly managed. Disposal of fecal sludge in low-lying areas and in lakes and canals within urban areas is common, leading to serious environmental degradation. Overview on Sakhipur Municipality

Sakhipur, the second biggest of District in respect of area, came into existence in 1976 as a thana and was upgraded to upazila in 1983 having one municipality.

Location North-central part of Bangladesh Total Area 19 km2 Total Population 30,028 (approx.)- with a density of around 2,611 people / km2 Waste Input Type Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) , Faecal Sludge Faecal Sludge and MSW collection and transportation service Value Offer Co-compost (faecal sludge and organic waste treatment and reuse) as soil conditioner BASA Foundation – towards achieving sustainability

WASH4 Urban Poor Project: Project started in April 2015 and expected to run until 2023. The faecal sludge treatment plant started operating since May 2016.

 Implemented by BASA Foundation with support of WaterAid Bangladesh

 Population covered: • 2500 households by faecal sludge collection and transportation service • 700 households by MSW collection and transportation service

 Organization type: • Public private partnership • The municipality owned site for co-compost plant is run by NFO-MFI organization (BASA Foundation) • The faecal sludge collector is run by municipality • The solid waste collector is run by a private entrepreneur (Zoah Enterprise) BASA Foundation – towards achieving sustainability

FINISH Mondial Project: Financial Inclusion Improves Sanitation & Health- Mondial works with a multistakeholder approach which involves the entire value chain. The project started in January, 2020 and expected to run till December 2025.

 Implemented by BASA Foundation with support of WASTE the Netherlands

 Population covered: • More than 25,000 people by awareness raising activities for waste segregation and desludging service.

 Organization type: • Public private partnership • The faecal sludge collector is run by municipality • The solid waste collector is run by a private entrepreneur (Zoah Enterprise) Faecal Sludge Service Chain in Sakhipur Schematic Diagram of Treatment Plant Total Coverage Sakhipur Municipality Estimated Population Covered: 30,028

Major Components of the plant: Plant Area : 158 ft X 72 ft No. of Vacutug : 01 Capacity of Vacutug : 1000 L Total no of Composting Bed : 10 Total no of Constructed : 01 Wetland Dimension of Drying bed : 15ft X 7ft X 2.5 ft Dimension of Constructed : 60ft X 10ft X Wetland 5.5ft Faecal Sludge Treated at : 1200 M plant Ton/year Reuse of Compost

Sample of Sakhi Compost 5 Kg Sakhi Compost 50 Kg Sakhi Compost Reuse of Compost

Higher production of quality products by using Sakhi Compost Awareness Raising Activities on Demand generation

Community level discussion on demand generation for desludging services and waste-to- value product

Poster (IEC) materials on desludging services and Campaign through miking (loud speaker) on waste-to-value desludging services and waste-to-value product product Activities for Business Development

M/S Rafiq Sanitary Orientation session on service level Service level contract signing between Waste Location: Kauchichala, Sakhipur contract and partnership management & Sanitation entrepreneurs and Municipality Outcome

• The compost produced at Sakhipur improves soil fertility, ehich leads to more satisfactory yields due to higher nutrient content for farmers

• The co-composting plant exemplifies how to effectively deal with solid waste and faecal sludge induced environmental pollution through FSM practice

• Local households are willingly paying BDT 60 for waste collection service and BDT 1000 for desludging service.

• People are conscious about segregating solid waste from household level and also about constructing improved toilets

• More entrepreneurs are thinking of starting sanitation business taking loans from MFIs or banks. Challenges

• Sludge collection by vacutug in rainy season is very tough for local muddy and narrow street. • Plant workers maintenance is a challenge • Segregation of kitchen waste practice at HH level is in a challenge due to people’s traditional habits and feeling of hazards. • People mobilization for session conduction is tough because of geographical context of high land area • Low level expertise of municipality for CCP O&M is a constraint for future. Words of Appreciation by Bangladesh Government

Published by: General Economics Division (GED), Bangladesh Planning Commission Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Thank You