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Transmission of Han Pictorial Motifs Into the Western Periphery: Fuxi and Nüwa in the Wei-Jin Mural Tombs in the Hexi Corridor*8
DOI: 10.4312/as.2019.7.2.47-86 47 Transmission of Han Pictorial Motifs into the Western Periphery: Fuxi and Nüwa in the Wei-Jin Mural Tombs in the Hexi Corridor*8 ∗∗ Nataša VAMPELJ SUHADOLNIK 9 Abstract This paper examines the ways in which Fuxi and Nüwa were depicted inside the mu- ral tombs of the Wei-Jin dynasties along the Hexi Corridor as compared to their Han counterparts from the Central Plains. Pursuing typological, stylistic, and iconographic approaches, it investigates how the western periphery inherited the knowledge of the divine pair and further discusses the transition of the iconographic and stylistic design of both deities from the Han (206 BCE–220 CE) to the Wei and Western Jin dynasties (220–316). Furthermore, examining the origins of the migrants on the basis of historical records, it also attempts to discuss the possible regional connections and migration from different parts of the Chinese central territory to the western periphery. On the basis of these approaches, it reveals that the depiction of Fuxi and Nüwa in Gansu area was modelled on the Shandong regional pattern and further evolved into a unique pattern formed by an iconographic conglomeration of all attributes and other physical characteristics. Accordingly, the Shandong region style not only spread to surrounding areas in the central Chinese territory but even to the more remote border regions, where it became the model for funerary art motifs. Key Words: Fuxi, Nüwa, the sun, the moon, a try square, a pair of compasses, Han Dynasty, Wei-Jin period, Shandong, migration Prenos slikovnih motivov na zahodno periferijo: Fuxi in Nüwa v grobnicah s poslikavo iz obdobja Wei Jin na območju prehoda Hexi Izvleček Pričujoči prispevek v primerjalni perspektivi obravnava upodobitev Fuxija in Nüwe v grobnicah s poslikavo iz časa dinastij Wei in Zahodni Jin (220–316) iz province Gansu * The author acknowledges the financial support of the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) in the framework of the research core funding Asian languages and Cultures (P6-0243). -
Roger Davies
NZCFS PROGRAMME IN GANSU PROVINCE Shandan Government's requests for cooperation and exchange: report by Roger Davies - 2010 Education: NZCFS' ongoing teacher supply /student exchange Dave Bromwich and Roger Davies visited NZCFS projects in programme with SBS [Shandan Bailie School]; the difficulty for Gansu during April. These projects aim to continue Rewi Alley 's Shandan families in affording nz school fees; extending teacher legacy of assisting chinese people in Shandan and neighbouring exchange to kindergarten, primary, and secondary schools; nz counties to lift their farming economy through agric. education, teachers to assist with teacher training; cooperation to improve research, and the forming of farmer /producer cooperatives. listening and speaking ability of teachers and students. Agriculture: sheep farming [incl. feeding /pasture management /forage species selection]; plant breeding; agricultural produce processing; specialised farmer cooperatn; livestock improvement. Grapes: table grape production, cold storage, and marketing. Red Pear: introduction of new species; technical guidance. Shandan Cooperative Federation: NZCFS has assisted in the establishment /development of 29 producer cooperatives, and is continuing this work through training, information exchange, and technical assistance [see below]. Culture: Rewi Alley Museum: rebuilding; training 1 to 2 English expositors; Shandan Bailie Library: rebuilding 2,800 m² library; Folk Crafts: production, promotion /marketing, sales. Performing Arts: exchange. Tourism: product development. The meeting was a prelude to Selwyn District delegation July visit. The respect and affection with which George Hogg and Rewi Alley are still regarded is illustrated by the wreaths left at their graves on Qing Ming, the day when chinese people pay respect to ancestors. The Great Wall [dried mud here] between Shandan and Zhangye. -
Mapping and Evaluating Human Pressure Changes in the Qilian Mountains
remote sensing Article Mapping and Evaluating Human Pressure Changes in the Qilian Mountains Quntao Duan 1,2 , Lihui Luo 1,2,* , Wenzhi Zhao 1,2,3, Yanli Zhuang 1,3 and Fang Liu 1,2 1 Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] (Q.D.); [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (F.L.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Human activities have dramatically changed ecosystems. As an irreplaceable ecological barrier in western China, the Qilian Mountains (QLM) provide various ecosystem services for humans. To evaluate the changes in the intensity of human activities in the QLM and their impact on the ecosystem, the human footprint (HF) method was used to conduct a spatial dataset of human activity intensity. In our study, the NDVI was used to characterize the growth of vegetation, and six categories of human pressures were employed to create the HF map in the QLM for 2000–2015 at a 1-km scale. The results showed that the mean NDVI during the growing season showed a significant increasing trend over the entire QLM in the period 2000–2015, while the NDVI showed a significant declining trend of more than 70% concentrated in Qinghai. Human pressure throughout the QLM occurred at a low level during 2000–2015, being greater in the eastern region than the western region, while the Qinghai area had greater human pressure than the Gansu area. -
The World Bank
Document of The World Bank Report No: 25703-CHA GEF PROJECT DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$66.27 MILLION AND A GRANT FROM THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY TRUST FUND IN THE AMOUNT OF US$10.5 MILLION TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR A GANSU AND XINJIANG PASTORAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT July 17, 2003 Rural Development and Natural Resources East Asia and Pacific Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective used for cost calculations) Currency Unit = Renminbi (RMB) Yuan (CNY) RMB 1 = US$ 0.12 US$ 1 = RMB 8.3 FISCAL YEAR January 1 -- December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ABC Agricultural Bank of China MOC Ministry of Commerce ACIAR Australian Center for International Agricultural MOF Ministry of Finance Research MOST Ministry of Science and Technology ADB Asian Development Bank mu Chinese area measurement, 1 mu=0.07 ha. 1 ha=15 mu ADP Agricultural Development Project NBF Non-Bank Financing AI Artificial Insemination NCB National Competitive Bidding AusAid Australian Agency for International Development NEAP National Environmental Action Plan BD Bidding Documents NPV Net Present Value BPM Beneficiaries Participation Manual NDRC National Development and Reform Committee CAS Country Assistance Strategy NS National Shopping CBD Convention on Biological Diversity OD Operational Directive CCD Convention to Combat Desertification OP Operational Program CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment OPR Operational Procurement Review CIF Cost-Insurance-Freight PBC People's Bank of China CNAO China National Audit Office -
Epidemiological Survey of Human Echinococcosis in East Gansu, China
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Epidemiological survey of human echinococcosis in east Gansu, China Shuai Yan1,5, Dong Wang2,5, Junrui Zhang3, Xiaojin Mo1, Yu Feng2, Liling Duan3, Deyu Liu3, Fan Li2, Yongchun Dao3, Ting Zhang1*, Wei Hu1,4, Zheng Feng1 & Bin Zheng1* Echinococcosis is endemic in pastoral regions of south, west and mid-Gansu province, China. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of echinococcosis in east Gansu, and analyze its associated risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011 in 12 villages of Xiaonangou township, Huan County in east Gansu province by ultrasound abdominal scan and auxiliary serotest, and a prevalence surveillance study from 2008 to 2014 was performed in one villages by ultrasonography screening. Questionnaire information analysis indicates that the risk factors are in association with the gender, age, and education level. The cross-sectional survey found a cystic echinococcosis prevalence of 2.21% (107/4837). Higher prevalence was seen in females (χ2 = 4.198, 2 2 P < 0.05), older ages (> 60 years) (χ trend = 96.30, P < 0.05), and illiterates (χ = 90.101, P < 0.05). Prevalence surveillance showed changing profle of 3.35% in 2011 to 0.88% (1/113) in 2014. Echinococcosis is a serious and potentially fatal zoonotic helminthic disease worldwide distributed, caused by larval stage of the genus Echinococcus1,2. Echinococcosis not only imposes a substantial health burden on families but also contributes to overburden the healthcare systems, and impedes socio-economic development. Tere are two main types of the disease: cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by E. -
Online Supplementary Document Song Et Al
Online Supplementary Document Song et al. Causes of death in children younger than five years in China in 2015: an updated analysis J Glob Health 2016;6:020802 Table S1. Description of the sources of mortality data in China National Mortality Surveillance System Before 2013, the Chinese CRVS included two systems: the vital registration system of the Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) (the former Ministry of Health) and the sample-based disease surveillance points (DSP) system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The vital registration system was established in 1973 and started to collect data of vital events. By 2012, this system covered around 230 million people in 22 provinces, helping to provide valuable information on both mortality and COD patterns, although the data were not truly representative for the whole China [55]. DSP was established in 1978 to collect data on individual births, deaths and 35 notifiable infectious diseases in surveillance areas [56]. By 2004, there were 161 sites included in the surveillance system, covering 73 million persons in 31 provinces. The sites were selected from different areas based on a multistage cluster sampling method, leading to a very good national representativeness of the DSP [57, 58]. From 2013, the above two systems were merged together to generate a new “National Mortality Surveillance System” (NMSS), which currently covers 605 surveillance points in 31 provinces and 24% of the whole Chinese population. The selection of surveillance points was based on a national multistage cluster sampling method, after stratifying for different socioeconomic status to ensure the representativeness [17, 58]. -
Factors Associated with Health Service Utilization
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KDI School Archives FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION BY RURAL ELDERLY PEOPLE IN MAINLAND CHINA By LI, Rui THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY 2015 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION BY RURAL ELDERLY PEOPLE IN MAINLAND CHINA By LI, Rui THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY 2015 Professor Shun Wang FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION BY RURAL ELDERLY PEOPLE IN MAINLAND CHINA By LI, Rui THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY Committee in charge: Professor Shun WANG, Supervisor Professor Lisa LIM Professor Ja Eun SHIN Approval as of December, 2015 ABSTRACT Factors Associated With Health Service Utilization By Rural Elderly People in Mainland China By Li Rui This study aims to describe the present situation of utilization for elderly in rural areas, and the factors significantly affecting health services utilization. Using descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, single-factor regression and multiple regression to find significantly associated factors influencing use of health services by rural elderly. Objective: Population aging has become the most important issue in many countries, especially in China. The purposes of this study to find the factors associated with health services utilization and determine the factors which significantly associated with using health services by rural elderly people in mainland China. -
Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on the Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield, and Quality of Isatis Indigotica
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Efects of water and nitrogen coupling on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality of Isatis indigotica Yucai Wang1*, Xiucheng He1, Fuqiang Li1, Haoliang Deng2, Zeyi Wang1, Caixia Huang1, Yi Han1, Yuchun Ba3, Lian Lei3 & Changlong Zhang3 Isatis indigotica is a commercial medicinal crop that is widely cultivated with high water and nutrient application, in the arid areas of northwest China. Rational irrigation and nitrogen application are key factors for successful crop management. The objective of this study was to determine the efect of water and nitrogen coupling on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality of Isatis indigotica produced in northwestern China. Field trials were conducted for 2 consecutive years at an irrigation test station. Data on photosynthetic parameters, yield, and quality were collected from individual Isatis indigotica for each treatment during 2018–2019. The application of nitrogen signifcantly increased photosynthetic rates and yield under the same irrigation conditions. However, the yields were reduced in the excess water treatments (W3N1 and W3N2) and in the excess nitrogen treatments (W1N3, W2N3, and W3N3) in contrast to the optimum W2N2 treatment. Moreover, the quality indicators of the W2N2 treatment decreased compared with CK, which was due to water stress and more photoassimilates being available to the roots, but the efective quality index value could be efectively improved by greatly increasing the yield. In the oasis region of Hexi, China, agricultural development is limited by water shortages and the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. Te major focus of research is determining ways to improve water use efciency and to reduce nitrogen application. -
Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ...................................................................................................................................................... -
People's Republic of China: Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 44020 March 2012 People’s Republic of China: Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Wetland Protection Project FINAL REPORT (Volume V of V) Prepared by HJI Group Corporation in association with Easen International Company Ltd For the Gansu Provincial Finance Bureau This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Supplementary Appendix 11 Wetland Protection Project (TA 7609-PRC) Final Report Supplementary Appendix 11 Dingxi Subproject Environmental Impact Assessment Report ADB Gansu Dingxi Urban Road Infrastructure Development Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report Gansu Provincial Environmental Science Research Institute, Lanzhou August 2011 Environmental Impact Assessment for ADB Urban Infrastructure Development Project Dingxi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Evaluation Criterion ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Environmental Function Zoning .............................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Environment Quality Standards -
Project Document for WP
CHINA Gansuand Xinjiang PastoralDevelopment Project GEF Project Brief EastAsia and Pacific Region EASRD IDate: October21, 2002 --- Team Leader: Sari K. Soderstrom Sector Manager/Director: Mark D. Wilson Sector(s): Animal production (50%), Agricultural Country Manager/Director: Yukon Huang marketingand trade (25%), Agricultural extensionand Project ID: P065035 research(25%) Lending Instrument: Specific InvestmentLoan (SIL) Theme(s): Land management(P), Other environmentand naturalresources management (P), Rural markets (P) [Global SupplementallD: POIm~ Team Leader: Sari~d~om - Sector Manager/Director: Mark D. Wilson Sector(s): Generalagriculture, fishing and forestry sector Lending Instrument: Specific InvestmentLoan (SIL) (60%), Agricultural extensionand research(40%) Focal Area: G Theme(s): Other environmentand naturalresources Supplement Fully Blended? No management(P), Biodiversity (P), Land management(P), Other rural development--, (P), Climate change(S) , Project Financing Data --- [X] Loan [ ] Credit [ ] Grant [ ] Guarantee r ] Other: For Loans/Credits/Others: Amount (US$m): 10.50 Borrower Rationale for Choice of Loan Terms Available on File: [ Yes Proposed Terms (IBRD): Variable-Spread Loan (VSL) Front end fee (FEF) on Bank loan: 1.00% Total BORROWER 32.45 0.00 r--'/!:[2 .4 5 ffiRDI 45.77 20.50 66.27 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY 8.00 2.50 10.50 86.22 23.00 109.22 - Borrower/Recipient: PRC Responsible agency: GANSU PROVINCE, XINJIANG AUTONOMOUS REGION Ministry of Agriculture -Foreign Economic CooperationCenter -Livestock and Fisheries Project Division ContactPerson: Mr. Tang Zhishao Tel: + 861065003273 Fax: + 861064194578 Email: [email protected] OtherAgency(ies): Agriculture and Animal HusbandryDepartment, Gansu Province Address: I Qing'anLu, Lanzhou, China, 730030 ContactPerson: Mr. Li Guolin Tel: + 86 931 8452377 Fax: + 86 9318826287 Email: [email protected].([email protected] Animal HusbandryDeparment, Xinjiang Uygur AutonomousRegion Address: 23 Xinhua Nan Lu, Urumqi, China, 830001 ContactPerson: Mr. -
Regional Differences of Rural Financial Exclusion ——In Gansu and Jiangsu Province
Regional Differences of Rural Financial Exclusion ——in Gansu and Jiangsu Province Yuying Zhao Department of Agricultural Economics University of Arkansas [email protected] Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association’s 2016 Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas. February 6-9, 2016. Copyright 2016 by Yuying Zhao. All rights reserved. Readers may verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Abstract At present, China is facing a serious problem of financial exclusion in rural areas, which restricts the development of rural economy and even the comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development of the overall real economy. From the perspective of regional differences in Gansu and Jiangsu provinces and between these two provinces, this paper establishes the Index of Rural Financial Exclusion, and explores the relationship between the refined indicators. Combining the economic theory, this paper uses double logarithmic models to analyze empirically on the relationship between the balance of loans per person and two factors: the density of branches with respect to population and GDP per capita and then compares these two models. We use this model to discuss the driving factor that can help to alleviate rural financial exclusion in different regions. In this paper, comparative analysis, theoretical analysis, empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are methods used to analyze the statistical data issued by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. This paper integrates the analyses of rural financial exclusion in provinces and between provinces, and comes to these conclusions about the rural financial exclusion problem of Gansu Province and Jiangsu Province in micro and macro level: (1) the forms of rural financial difference between areas are diverse.