DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document 24599 Volume I Public Disclosure Authorized Gansu Social Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized for Integrated China Pastoral Development Project ILOI COfP Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Chapter I. Overview of the Project and Social Assessment 1.1 Project Overview The Integrated Pastoral Development Project (the ISDP) aims to improve the living standard of herdsmen in Gansu Province and the Autonomous Region of Xinjiang by building up the competitiveness of the Chinese Pastoral on wool and mutton products and improving the Pastoral production and management system while maintaining the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The Project shall employ an integrated method, where the improvement in productive capacity of sheep for wool and mutton will be related to the sustainable management on grasslands, the establishment of a reliable supply system of forage grasses, the improvement of sheep production by hybridization and breeding, the establishment and enhancement of local associations of herdsmen, the improvement of livestock marketing network and the setup of effective legal and organizational systems. This proposed project will be so designed to address the problems prevalent in some areas of West China, including rural poverty, serious grassland deterioration, unsustainability in the mode of Pastoral production. Consequently, the proposed project will be a trilogy: i) grassland management and improvement; ii) Pastoral production, iii) marketing of animal products. In addition, the Project management, supervision and evaluation shall be a separate part thereunder. Overview of Social Assessment thereunder: Entrusted by the Foreign Economic Cooperation Center under the Ministry of Agriculture, The China Cross-cultural Center at Zhongshan University conducted a social assessment in Xinjiang and Gansu for the ISDP and retained Bao Xiaoxia (f.-associate research fellow at the Gansu Academy of Social Sciences-to take charge of the social assessment work in the Project Region of Gansu in conformity with World Bank's requirements on social assessment and with a consent from World Bank and the Foreign Economic Cooperation Center under the Ministry of Agriculture. 1.2 Significance and Objective of Social Assessment 1.2.1 Significance of SocialAssessment Social assessment is a form of feasibility study, an essential condition for Project design and implementation, also a supplement to the economic, financial, environmental and technical analysis that is non-replaceable. 1.2.2 Objective of SocialAssessment To ensure social benefits on the investment, including social and cultural influences and potential problems in the region of investment, and to eliminate or at least reduce negative social influences; which is helpful to make clear the Project objectives, give consideration to the affected poor population and support the disadvantaged groups, especially to fully guarantee the benefits, interests of minorities and women; helpful to establish an institution, organizational framework and system that offer opportunities of participation, enhance the communication, understanding between the Project investors and interest groups, enhance the infornation sharing and participation; helpful to the establishment of a foundation for social supervision and evaluation. The general target of social assessment is to help borrowers plan and complete the intended Project under the support and involvement of the individuals and groups the most directly affected by the Project. Social assessment should be regarded as an integral method during the Project implementation, including participation and social analysis on the Project planning and preparation to ensure the anticipated Project target can be fulfilled smoothly with a proper method. The social assessment under the Project should help borrowers select suitable places to execute the Project, determine major beneficiaries thereunder and their demands. Another fundamental objective of social assessment is to ensure the Project planning can eliminate or minimize whatever negative effect and consumption on local societies arising therefrom. The social assessment shall also propose rationalized suggestions or an appropriate scheme to the Project replanning for the same purpose as aforesaid. At the same time, demands of ordinary peasants (herdsmen) shall be addressed, including how they manage to satisfy their demands, the priority of demands during the Project implementation. Concerns shall also be given to the difference in benefit arising from the division of labor among men and women. In addition, a certain understanding shall be obtained as to the advantages and problems in the social and economic development at the affected areas. 1.3 Methodology of Social Assessment As required on social assessment under a World Bank financed project, from July 14-16, 2001, a 4-member group led by Prof. Daming Zhou from the CCCC at ZSU conducted training on methodology of social assessment for a local expert panel of Gansu. Participative rural social assessment (PRA) and anthropologic fieldwork are employed this time. The PRA is a method in which residents at rural communities at the affected areas participate and the information concerning and serving them is collected, and also a community development method that relies completely on local knowledge, leadership, organizations and resources to promote the rural development. Members of the expert panel may suggest or request local residents to provide community maps, social maps, resource transition maps, seasonal charts, as well as data related to the local historical evolution or current social and economical situations, etc. The fieldwork method of observational participation is a fundamental research technique in anthropology, in which researchers visit the studied community, live along with natives for a period and directly participate in and observe the local life, production and ceremonies. etc. with a view to apply research findings in solving various social problems and intercultural conflicts. It is a method combining emic/etic study organically that is of high practical value and advantage to making in-depth study and explanation into this community culture based on the perception of practical living conditions and real ideas. The method of questionnaire survey is also used in this social assessment based on the "Semi-structured Investigation Questionnaire for Social Assessment under the World Bank Financed China ISDP" and the "Outline of Tasks and System of Indices for Social Assessment under the ISDP" designed by Bao Xiaoxia in advance. The analysis on questionnaire, as a basic tool for this social assessment, will help complement the data collected from PRA and fieldwork. 1.4 How Was Social Assessment Operated? According to World Bank's requirements, practical situations of the affected areas, the CCCC at ZSU has designed the "Inception Report for Social Assessment under the ISDP" and the "Flowchart of Investigation for Social Assessment" based on a full mastery of literatures with relation to the locations of investigation selected before practice. The principles of siting is: (I) cover counties at different levels of economic development; (2) cover all types of subprojects launched; (3) a geographic distribution as even as possible; and (4) considering the distribution of minorities and poor areas. According to the above principle, we've selected, in the Project Region of Gansu, the 4 counties of Sunan, Yongchang, Tianzhu and Kangle as the locations of investigation for this social assessment. The details of these 4 counties investigated are as follows: Kangfeng Village and summer range at Saiding Village under Hongshiwo Township, Sunan County; Beidi and Xigou Villages under Shuiyuan Town, Yongchang County, Chaxi Beachhead at Tanyaogou Village under Zhuaxilongxiu Township, Tianzhu County, Waxia Village under Huguan Township, Humagou Village under Mingfanglu Township, Kangle County, where altogether 147 peasants were interviewed. During Sep. 20th-26 h. G. Guldin, Daming Zhou and Bao Xiaoxia conducted another PRA at Oiabu Commune under Oiabu Village. Zangbawa Township. Zhuoni County. In this round of social assessment. 9 villaaes (communes) under 6 townships were investigated. *The investigation was conducted by the Social Assessment Group in strict conformity with the sequence of discussion with township/town cadres-village spot-survey and discussion with village cadres-map drawing (community map, social map, seasonal activity chart, daily living and production chart in busy and slack seasons and resource distribution map, etc.)- focus groups-sequencing-filling in Qr.-in-depth interview-discussion with delegates of the competent county department and authorities concerned, collection of literatures. In investigation, all levels of county, township and village government and residents at the investigated locations offered great support and assistance that contributed to the successful completion of this social investigation on schedule. In total, 147 peasants were interviewed. 147 valid questionnaires, 8 community maps (social stratification and classification of peasant family), 8 seasonal activity charts, 32 daily activity charts, 8 resource distributions maps and 30 cases of in-depth interview collected, with 28 small discussion meetings of all types held. 1.5 Key Findings and Suggestions 1) The breed improvement and selection should be tailored to the local natural resources, stock market and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2.20 Gansu Province
    2.20 Gansu Province Gansu Provincial Prison Enterprise Group, affiliated with Gansu Provincial Prison Administration Bureau,1 has 18 prison enterprises Legal representative of the prison company: Liu Yan, general manager of Gansu Prison Enterprise Group2 His official positions in the prison system: Deputy director of Gansu Provincial Prison Administration Bureau No. Company Name of the Legal Person Legal Registered Business Scope Company Notes on the Prison Name Prison, to which and representative/ Title Capital Address the Company Shareholder(s) Belongs 1 Gansu Gansu Provincial Gansu Liu Yan 803 million Wholesale and retail of machinery 222 Jingning The Gansu Provincial Prison Provincial Prison Provincial Deputy director of yuan and equipment (excluding sedans), Road, Administration Bureau is Gansu Province’s Prison Administration Prison Gansu Provincial building materials, chemical Chengguan functional department that manages the Enterprise Bureau Administration Prison products, agricultural and sideline District, prisons in the entire province. It is in charge Group Bureau Administration products (excluding grain Lanzhou City of the works of these prisons. It is at the Bureau; general wholesale); wholesale and retail of deputy department level, and is managed by manager of Gansu daily necessities the Justice Department of Gansu Province.4 Prison Enterprise Group3 2 Gansu Dingxi Prison of Gansu Qiao Zhanying 16 million Manufacturing and sale of high-rise 1 Jiaoyu Dingxi Prison of Gansu Province6 was Dingqi Gansu Province Provincial Member of the yuan and long-span buildings, bridges, Avenue, established in May 1952. Its original name Steel Prison Communist Party marine engineering steel structures, An’ding was the Gansu Provincial Fourth Labor Structure Enterprise Committee and large boiler steel frames, District, Dingxi Reform Detachment.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Implications to Water Resources Constraint Force on Socio-Economic System in Rapid Urbanization: a Case Study of the Hexi Corridor, NW China
    Water Resour Manage (2007) 21:1613–1633 DOI 10.1007/s11269-006-9117-0 Management Implications to Water Resources Constraint Force on Socio-economic System in Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study of the Hexi Corridor, NW China Chuang-lin Fang & Chao Bao & Jin-chuan Huang Received: 11 January 2006 /Accepted: 30 October 2006 / Published online: 6 December 2006 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract As water has become the shortest resources in arid, semi-arid and rapid urbanization areas when the water resources utilization has approached or exceeded its threshold, water resources system slows down the socio-economic growth rate and destroys the projected targets to eradicate poverty and realize sustainable development. We put forward the concept of Water Resources Constraint Force (WRCF) and constructed a conceptual framework on it. Conceptual models on the interactions and feedbacks between water resources and socio-economic systems in water scarce regions or river basins indicate that, if the socio-economic system always aims at sustainable development, WRCF will vary with a normal distribution curve. Rational water resources management plays an important role on this optimistic variation law. Specifically, Water Demand Management (WDM) and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) are considered as an important perspective and approach to alleviate WRCF. A case study in the Hexi Corridor of NW China indicates that, water resources management has great impact on WRCF both in Zhangye and Wuwei Region, and also the river basins where they are located. The drastic transformation of water resources management pattern and the experimental project – Building Water-saving Society in Zhangye Region alleviated the WRCF to some extent.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Geographic and Pairwise Distances Among Sheep Populations
    Analysis of geographic and pairwise distances among sheep populations J.B. Liu1, Y.J. Yue1, X. Lang1, F. Wang2, X. Zha3, J. Guo1, R.L. Feng1, T.T. Guo1, B.H. Yang1 and X.P. Sun1 1Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China 2Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Agricultural Veterinarian Biology Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou, China 3Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lhasa, China Corresponding author: X.P. Sun E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 13 (2): 4177-4186 (2014) Received January 30, 2013 Accepted July 5, 2013 Published June 9, 2014 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.June.9.4 ABSTRACT. This study investigated geographic and pairwise distances among seven Chinese local and four introduced sheep populations via analysis of 26 microsatellite DNA markers. Genetic polymorphism was rich, and the following was discovered: 348 alleles in total were detected, the average allele number was 13.38, the polymorphism information content (PIC) of loci ranged from 0.717 to 0.788, the number of effective alleles ranged from 7.046 to 7.489, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.700 to 0.768 for the practical sample, and from 0.712 to 0.794 for expected heterozygosity. The Wright’s F-statistic of subpopulations within the total (FST) was 0.128, the genetic differentiation coefficient G( ST) was 0.115, and the average gene flow N( m) was 1.703. The phylogenetic trees based on the neighbor-joining method by Nei’s genetic distance (DA) and Nei’s standard genetic distance (DS) were similar.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Distribution Evolution Characteristics and Shift Growth Analysis in Shiyang River Basin
    International Journal of Geosciences, 2014, 5, 1395-1403 Published Online October 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2014.511113 Population Distribution Evolution Characteristics and Shift Growth Analysis in Shiyang River Basin Minzhi Chen1, Peizhen Wang2, Li Chen3 1Institute of Urban Planning and Design, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 2The School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 3The High School Attached to Northwest Normal University, Nanjing, China Email: [email protected], [email protected] Received 1 August 2014; revised 27 August 2014; accepted 16 September 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract In recent years, the population size and scale of the Shiyang River Basin unceasingly expanding lead to a series of ecological environment: surface water reducing, land desertification and Ground water levels fall, etc. Research evolution characteristics of population distribution and migration growth of Shiyang River Basin contribute to river water resources and the industrial development of the comprehensive management. The article using the distribution of population structure index, population distribution center of gravity model and the population migration growth analysis model analyzes the distribution of the population evolution characteristics and population migration growth characteristics of Shiyang River Basin in 2000 to 2010. The results show that: 1) Considering Shiyang River Basin, population density is generally low, population distribution difference is bigger and concentration distribution in the middle corridor plain and three big population distribution center of Minqin oasis area, presenting a “point-areas-ribbon” structure characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Bank
    Document of The World Bank Report No: 25703-CHA GEF PROJECT DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$66.27 MILLION AND A GRANT FROM THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY TRUST FUND IN THE AMOUNT OF US$10.5 MILLION TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR A GANSU AND XINJIANG PASTORAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT July 17, 2003 Rural Development and Natural Resources East Asia and Pacific Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective used for cost calculations) Currency Unit = Renminbi (RMB) Yuan (CNY) RMB 1 = US$ 0.12 US$ 1 = RMB 8.3 FISCAL YEAR January 1 -- December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ABC Agricultural Bank of China MOC Ministry of Commerce ACIAR Australian Center for International Agricultural MOF Ministry of Finance Research MOST Ministry of Science and Technology ADB Asian Development Bank mu Chinese area measurement, 1 mu=0.07 ha. 1 ha=15 mu ADP Agricultural Development Project NBF Non-Bank Financing AI Artificial Insemination NCB National Competitive Bidding AusAid Australian Agency for International Development NEAP National Environmental Action Plan BD Bidding Documents NPV Net Present Value BPM Beneficiaries Participation Manual NDRC National Development and Reform Committee CAS Country Assistance Strategy NS National Shopping CBD Convention on Biological Diversity OD Operational Directive CCD Convention to Combat Desertification OP Operational Program CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment OPR Operational Procurement Review CIF Cost-Insurance-Freight PBC People's Bank of China CNAO China National Audit Office
    [Show full text]
  • Online Supplementary Document Song Et Al
    Online Supplementary Document Song et al. Causes of death in children younger than five years in China in 2015: an updated analysis J Glob Health 2016;6:020802 Table S1. Description of the sources of mortality data in China National Mortality Surveillance System Before 2013, the Chinese CRVS included two systems: the vital registration system of the Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) (the former Ministry of Health) and the sample-based disease surveillance points (DSP) system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The vital registration system was established in 1973 and started to collect data of vital events. By 2012, this system covered around 230 million people in 22 provinces, helping to provide valuable information on both mortality and COD patterns, although the data were not truly representative for the whole China [55]. DSP was established in 1978 to collect data on individual births, deaths and 35 notifiable infectious diseases in surveillance areas [56]. By 2004, there were 161 sites included in the surveillance system, covering 73 million persons in 31 provinces. The sites were selected from different areas based on a multistage cluster sampling method, leading to a very good national representativeness of the DSP [57, 58]. From 2013, the above two systems were merged together to generate a new “National Mortality Surveillance System” (NMSS), which currently covers 605 surveillance points in 31 provinces and 24% of the whole Chinese population. The selection of surveillance points was based on a national multistage cluster sampling method, after stratifying for different socioeconomic status to ensure the representativeness [17, 58].
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Associated with Health Service Utilization
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KDI School Archives FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION BY RURAL ELDERLY PEOPLE IN MAINLAND CHINA By LI, Rui THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY 2015 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION BY RURAL ELDERLY PEOPLE IN MAINLAND CHINA By LI, Rui THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY 2015 Professor Shun Wang FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION BY RURAL ELDERLY PEOPLE IN MAINLAND CHINA By LI, Rui THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY Committee in charge: Professor Shun WANG, Supervisor Professor Lisa LIM Professor Ja Eun SHIN Approval as of December, 2015 ABSTRACT Factors Associated With Health Service Utilization By Rural Elderly People in Mainland China By Li Rui This study aims to describe the present situation of utilization for elderly in rural areas, and the factors significantly affecting health services utilization. Using descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, single-factor regression and multiple regression to find significantly associated factors influencing use of health services by rural elderly. Objective: Population aging has become the most important issue in many countries, especially in China. The purposes of this study to find the factors associated with health services utilization and determine the factors which significantly associated with using health services by rural elderly people in mainland China.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    RP247 Public Disclosure Authorized Gansu Province Zhangye Xiaogushan Hydropower Project Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Action Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Zhangye xiaogushan Hydropower Co. Ltd. East China Investigation and Design Institute Mar. 2004FIEC f~ RAP-Xiaogushan HPP List of Contents OF RESETTLEMENT PLAN AND DEFINITION OF RESETTLEMENT TERMINOLOGYOBJECTIVES .... 1 .3 1 General Description 3 1.1 Project Background .. .. 4 1.2 Project Description .. 5 1.3 Project Impact Scope and Service Scope 1.3.1 Project impact scope .5 .5 1.3.2 Project service scope 5 1.4 Project Schedule .. 6 1.5 Measures to Mitigate Adverse Impact of Project .6 1.5.1 Reduce project impact scope .6 1.5.2 Reduce project impact on local surroundings 7 1.6 Project Design and Review .. .. 7 1.7 Resettlement Implementation Plan Affected Area ...................... 1 2 Natural, Social, and Economic Conditions at Project 4 3 Project Impact ....................................................... 4 3.1 Project Impact Scope ..................................................... ...........................................4 3.2 Category of Project Impacts and Survey Method 4 3.3 Project Im pact Inventory ...................................................... 8 3.4 Project im pact analysis ...................................................... 10 4 Frame of laws ........ .............................................. 10 4.1 Relative Laws and Regulations ..................................................... 10 4.2 Related Articles
    [Show full text]
  • Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Project Document for WP
    CHINA Gansuand Xinjiang PastoralDevelopment Project GEF Project Brief EastAsia and Pacific Region EASRD IDate: October21, 2002 --- Team Leader: Sari K. Soderstrom Sector Manager/Director: Mark D. Wilson Sector(s): Animal production (50%), Agricultural Country Manager/Director: Yukon Huang marketingand trade (25%), Agricultural extensionand Project ID: P065035 research(25%) Lending Instrument: Specific InvestmentLoan (SIL) Theme(s): Land management(P), Other environmentand naturalresources management (P), Rural markets (P) [Global SupplementallD: POIm~ Team Leader: Sari~d~om - Sector Manager/Director: Mark D. Wilson Sector(s): Generalagriculture, fishing and forestry sector Lending Instrument: Specific InvestmentLoan (SIL) (60%), Agricultural extensionand research(40%) Focal Area: G Theme(s): Other environmentand naturalresources Supplement Fully Blended? No management(P), Biodiversity (P), Land management(P), Other rural development--, (P), Climate change(S) , Project Financing Data --- [X] Loan [ ] Credit [ ] Grant [ ] Guarantee r ] Other: For Loans/Credits/Others: Amount (US$m): 10.50 Borrower Rationale for Choice of Loan Terms Available on File: [ Yes Proposed Terms (IBRD): Variable-Spread Loan (VSL) Front end fee (FEF) on Bank loan: 1.00% Total BORROWER 32.45 0.00 r--'/!:[2 .4 5 ffiRDI 45.77 20.50 66.27 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY 8.00 2.50 10.50 86.22 23.00 109.22 - Borrower/Recipient: PRC Responsible agency: GANSU PROVINCE, XINJIANG AUTONOMOUS REGION Ministry of Agriculture -Foreign Economic CooperationCenter -Livestock and Fisheries Project Division ContactPerson: Mr. Tang Zhishao Tel: + 861065003273 Fax: + 861064194578 Email: [email protected] OtherAgency(ies): Agriculture and Animal HusbandryDepartment, Gansu Province Address: I Qing'anLu, Lanzhou, China, 730030 ContactPerson: Mr. Li Guolin Tel: + 86 931 8452377 Fax: + 86 9318826287 Email: [email protected].([email protected] Animal HusbandryDeparment, Xinjiang Uygur AutonomousRegion Address: 23 Xinhua Nan Lu, Urumqi, China, 830001 ContactPerson: Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Differences of Rural Financial Exclusion ——In Gansu and Jiangsu Province
    Regional Differences of Rural Financial Exclusion ——in Gansu and Jiangsu Province Yuying Zhao Department of Agricultural Economics University of Arkansas [email protected] Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association’s 2016 Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas. February 6-9, 2016. Copyright 2016 by Yuying Zhao. All rights reserved. Readers may verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Abstract At present, China is facing a serious problem of financial exclusion in rural areas, which restricts the development of rural economy and even the comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development of the overall real economy. From the perspective of regional differences in Gansu and Jiangsu provinces and between these two provinces, this paper establishes the Index of Rural Financial Exclusion, and explores the relationship between the refined indicators. Combining the economic theory, this paper uses double logarithmic models to analyze empirically on the relationship between the balance of loans per person and two factors: the density of branches with respect to population and GDP per capita and then compares these two models. We use this model to discuss the driving factor that can help to alleviate rural financial exclusion in different regions. In this paper, comparative analysis, theoretical analysis, empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are methods used to analyze the statistical data issued by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. This paper integrates the analyses of rural financial exclusion in provinces and between provinces, and comes to these conclusions about the rural financial exclusion problem of Gansu Province and Jiangsu Province in micro and macro level: (1) the forms of rural financial difference between areas are diverse.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Dongxiang
    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 55 November, 1994 Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Dongxiang by Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form.
    [Show full text]