Semble-T-Il, La Posture Fondamentale Des Auteurs Devant Geminoïd, C'est
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Yucatán, México
1 Uxmal, Kabah, Sayil, and Labná http://academic.reed.edu/uxmal/ return to Annotated Bibliography Architecture, Restoration, and Imaging of the Maya Cities of UXMAL, KABAH, SAYIL, AND LABNÁ The Puuc Region, Yucatán, México Charles Rhyne Reed College Annotated Bibliography Yucatán This is not a general bibliography on the Yucatán. This section includes publications on the Yucatán that deal extensively with the Puuc Region. Because these often give attention to individual sites, some of these publications are listed also in the sections on Uxmal, Kabah, Sayil, or Labná. Most publications on larger topics, such as Maya art or architecture, are listed only in those sections of the subject matter bibliography. A Álvarez, María C. Textos coloniales del Libro de Chilam Balam de Chumayel y textos glificos del Códice Dresden. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Centro de Estudios Mayas, Book 10, 1972. Andrews, Anthony P. “El ‘guerrero’ de Loltún: comentario analítico”. Boletín de la Escuela de Ciencias Antropológicas de la Universidad de Yucatán. 48/49: 36-50, 1981. Andrews, Anthony P. “Late Postclassic Lowland Maya Archaeology”, Journal of World Prehistory, 7:1 (1993), 35- 69. 2 Andrews, Anthony P., E. Wyllys Andrews V, and Fernando Robles Castellanos “The Northern Maya Collapse and its Aftermath”. Paper presented at the 65th Annual Meeting of the Society of American Archaeology, Philadelphia, 2000. Andrews, E. Wyllys, IV Archaeological Investigations on the Yucatan Peninsula. New Orleans: Tulane University, Middle American Research Institute (MARI), Pub. 31, 1975. Andrews, E. Wyllys, IV “Archaeology and Prehistory in the Northern Maya Lowlands: An Introduction”. Archaeology of Southern Mesoamerica: Part One, ed. -
Glyph T93 and Maya "Hand -Scattering"
5 Glyph T93 and Maya "Hand-scattering" Events BRUCE LOVE Dumbarton Oaks N THE UPPER TEXT of each of the four "New Year" pages of the Dresden Codex (Fig. la-d) I appears the compound T93.682b (Fig. Ie). In one instance, the suffix T87 - the familiar TE sign (Thompson 1950:271) - is attached (Fig. If). In a recent presentation (Love 1986), I proposed that these are to be read, respectively, as ch'a-h(a) and ch'a-h(a) TE, with the alternative possibility that T93 was used, not as the phonetic syllable ch'a, but lographically, as CH' AH, with T682b as a redundant phonetic indicator, or CH'AH-(ha) TE. Further investigation supports the ch'alCH' AH reading for T93 to the extent that it now warrants presentation to the community of Mayanists for evaluation. This is the primary purpose of the present paper. In addition, I will examine some implications of the proposed reading for current interpretations of the "hand-scattering" events in Maya art and texts. The combinations T93.682b or T93.682b:87 appear on Dresden 25-28 with numerical coefficients of 7, 16, 5, and 6. In all four cases the glyph is paired with T687b - read as po-rn(o), or porn ("incense") by Lounsbury (1973:107) - which consistently occupies the preceding glyph block. Each of these also carries a numerical prefix, or coefficient (9, 7, 11, and 6). This pairing of two nominals, each with prefixed numbers, and one with the clear meaning of "incense," suggests that both refer to offerings connected with the ritual depicted in the accompanying scenes. -
A Criteria-Based System for the Qualitative Assessment of Reading Proposals for the Deciphering of Classic Mayan Hieroglyphs
Modelling vagueness – A criteria-based system for the qualitative assessment of reading proposals for the deciphering of Classic Mayan hieroglyphs Franziska Diehr1, Sven Gronemeyer2, 3, Elisabeth Wagner2, Christian Prager2, Katja Diederichs2, Uwe Sikora1, Maximilian Brodhun1, Nikolai Grube2 1 State and University Library Göttingen, Germany 2 Department for Anthropology of the Americas, University of Bonn, Germany 3 Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Australia [email protected] Abstract office, located at the Department for the Anthropo- logy of the Americas, University of Bonn,3 works The project ‘Text Database and Diction- in close collaboration with the State and University ary of Classic Mayan’ aims at creating a Library Göttingen.4 Since 2014, the hieroglyphic machine-readable corpus of all Maya texts texts have been prepared, evaluated, and interpreted and compiling a dictionary on this basis. in interdisciplinary cooperation using methods and The characteristics of this complex writ- tools from the humanities and information techno- ing system pose particular challenges to logy (Prager, 2014c). research, resulting in contradictory and am- One result of this collaboration, and at the same biguous deciphering hypotheses. In this time an important milestone of the project, is the paper, we present a system for the qualitat- digital Sign Catalogue which is the subject of this ive evaluation of reading proposals that is paper. For the creation of a text corpus and a dic- integrated into a digital Sign Catalogue for tionary of an only partially understood language Mayan hieroglyphs, establishing a novel and script, a Sign Catalogue, an inventory of all concept for sign systematisation and clas- used signs, is an indispensable instrument. -
1 Escritos Mayas Inéditos Y Publicados Hasta 1578
ESCRITOS MAYAS INÉDITOS Y PUBLICADOS HASTA 1578: TESTIMONIO DEL OBISPO DIEGO DE LANDA 1 René Acuña (Estudios de Cultura Maya, Volumen XXI, 2000) Abstract: Bishop Landa was one of the major actors, and actually authors, in sixteenth century Yucatan. Importance of his letter, addressed to the Inquisidores of New Spain (Jan. 19, 1578), stands is that he explicitly explains what the Status of the Maya written production by the Franciscan friars was by that time. He does not mention any existing grammar and/or Mayan vocabulary, and he roundly denies that Maya translations of the Holy Books were then available. Presentation of Landa’s letter is a brief one, with no claim whatsoever to historical and/or philological depth. Resumen: El obispo Landa fue uno de los principales actores, de hecho autores, en el Yucatán del siglo xvi. La importancia de su carta, dirigida a los inquisidores de Nueva España (enero 19 de 1578), radica en que expone sin reticencias el estado en que se encontraba la producción de los lingüistas franciscanos hasta la época de su informe. Sobre la existencia de gramáticas o vocabularios de lengua maya no dice palabra, y sin ambages niega que hubiera a mano traducción alguna de las Escrituras Sagradas. La presentación de esta carta es sumaria, sin la menor pretensión de profundidad filológica o histórica. El manuscrito, descripción y datos históricos El documento publicado a continuación se encuentra en el Archivo General de la Nación (AGN), ramo Inquisición, volumen 90, expediente 42 (antes 8). Consta de dos fojas tamaño folio, escritas por ambas caras. -
The Cult of the Book. What Precolumbian Writing Contributes to Philology
10.3726/78000_29 The Cult of the Book. What Precolumbian Writing Contributes to Philology Markus Eberl Vanderbilt University, Nashville Abstract Precolumbian people developed writing independently from the Old World. In Mesoamerica, writing existed among the Olmecs, the Zapotecs, the Maya, the Mixtecs, the Aztecs, on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and at Teotihuacan. In South America, the knotted strings or khipus were used. Since their decipherment is still ongoing, Precolumbian writing systems have often been studied only from an epigraphic perspective and in isolation. I argue that they hold considerable interest for philology because they complement the latter’s focus on Western writing. I outline the eight best-known Precolumbian writing systems and de- scribe their diversity in form, style, and content. These writing systems conceptualize writing and written communication in different ways and contribute new perspectives to the study of ancient texts and languages. Keywords Precolumbian writing, decipherment, defining writing, authoritative discourses, canon Introduction Written historical sources form the basis for philology. Traditionally these come from the Western world, especially ancient Greece and Rome. Few classically trained scholars are aware of the ancient writing systems in the Americas and the recent advances in deciphering them. In Mesoamerica – the area of south-central Mexico and western Central America – various societies had writing (Figure 1). This included the Olmecs, the Zapotecs, the people of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the Maya, Teotihuacan, Mix- tecs, and the Aztecs. In South America, the Inka used knotted strings or khipus (Figure 2). At least eight writing systems are attested. They differ in language, formal structure, and content. -
Maya Hieroglyphic Writing
MAYA HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING Workbook for a Short Course on Maya Hieroglyphic Writing Second Edition, 201 1 J. Kathryn Josserandt and Nicholas A. Hopkins Jaguar Tours 3007 Windy Hill Lane Tallahassee, 32308-4025 FL (850) 385-4344 [email protected] This material is based on work supported in partby Ihe NationalScience Foundation (NSF) under grants BNS-8305806 and BNS-8520749, administered by Ihe Institute for Cultural Ecology of Ihe Tropics (lCEr), and by Ihe National Endowment for Ihe Humanities (NEH), grants RT-20643-86 and RT-21090-89. Any findingsand conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect Ihe views of NSF, NEH, or ICEr. Workbook © Jaguar Tours 2011 CONTENTS Contents Credits and Sources for Figures iv Introductionand Acknowledgements v Bibliography vi Figure 1-1. Mesoamerican Languages x Figure 1-2. The Maya Area xi Figure 1-3. Chronology Chart for tbe Maya Area xii P ART The Classic Maya Maya Hieroglypbic Writing 1: and Figure 14. A FamilyTree of Mayan Languages 2 Mayan Languages 3 Chronology 3 Maya and Earlier Writing 4 Context and Content S Tbe Writing System 5 Figure 1-5. Logographic Signs 6 Figure 1-6. Phonetic Signs 6 Figure 1-7. Landa's "Alphabet" 6 Figure 1-8. A Maya Syllabary 8 Figure 1-9. Reading Order witbin tbe Glyph Block 10 Figure 1-10. Reading Order of Glypb Blocks 10 HieroglyphicTexts II Word Order II Figure 1-11. Examples of Classic Syntax 12 Figure 1-12. Unmarked and Marked Word Order 12 Figure 1-13. Backgrounding and Foregrounding 12-B Figure 1-14. -
Disharmony in Maya Hieroglyphic Writing
FIVE Disharmony in Maya Hieroglyphic Writing Linguistic Change and Continuity in Classic Society Stephen Houston Brigham Young University David Stuart Peabody Museum, Harvard University John Robertson Brigham Young University Some forty-five years ago Yuri Knorozov discovered the existence of phonetic syllables in Maya writing (1952, 1958, 1965, 1967a). Despite strong opposition, Knorozov made an excellent case that Maya script recorded signs of consonant + vowel form. When com- bined in groupings of two or more glyphs these signs spelled words like ma + ma→ mam or ku + tzu→ kutz. In each instance the final vowel of the second syllable—a superfluous, “dead” vowel—could be safely detached once the two syllables were joined into a CVC (or CVCVC) root, the most common configuration in Mayan languages. Knorozov’s in- sight has been discussed elsewhere, either as an issue in intellectual history (Houston 1988; Coe 1992) or as a topic in decipherment (Justeson and Campbell, eds., 1984). To- day, few epigraphers question the singular importance of Knorozov’s contribution. Work- ing in near-total isolation from other Mayanists, he succeeded in achieving a break- through that fundamentally changed modern views of Maya writing. Yet Knorozov could not explain one feature of syllabic signs: What, precisely, deter- mined the final sign in such groupings? Knorozov detected a default arrangement, which he labeled “synharmony,” by which the vowel of the second sign duplicated that of the first (Knorozov 1965: 174–75). As Kelley pointed out, this pattern explained a large num- ber of spellings (Kelley 1976: 18). Lounsbury, too, found that synharmony accorded with morphophonemic processes in Mayan languages (1973: 100), especially the “echo” sylla- ble, a “voiceless . -
Kettunen and Helmke: Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs
Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs Workshop Handbook 10th European Maya Conference Leiden, December 5–10, 2005 Harri Kettunen University of Helsinki Christophe Helmke University College London Wayeb & Leiden University Dedicated to the memory of John Montgomery Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs Harri Kettunen & Christophe Helmke Wayeb & Leiden University 2005 Kettunen & Helmke 2005 Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs TABLE OF CONTENTS: Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................... 4 Note on the Orthography......................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2. History of Decipherment.................................................................................................................... 7 3. Origins of the Maya Script ............................................................................................................... 11 4. Language(s) of the Hieroglyphs....................................................................................................... 12 5. Writing System................................................................................................................................ -
The Catholic Church and the Preservation of Mesoamerican Archives: an Assessment
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE PRESERVATION OF MESOAMERICAN ARCHIVES: AN ASSESSMENT BY MICHAEL ARBAGI ABSTRACT: This article examines the role of the Catholic Church in the destruction and eventual recreation of the manuscripts, oral histories, and other records of the indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica (the nations of modern Mexico and Central America). It focuses on the time frame immediately after the conquest of Mesoamerica by the Spanish. The article addresses this topic from an archival, rather than histori- cal, point of view. Destruction and Recreation The invasion and conquest of Mexico by a Spanish expedition under the leadership of Hernán Cortés could be described as the most consequential event in the history of Latin America. The events read like a work of fiction: a band of adventurers from European Spain brought the language, religion, and other institutions of their nation to established pre-Columbian societies which had rich traditions of their own. The technologically and militarily superior Spanish, along with their indigenous allies, conquered the then-dominant power in the region, the Aztec Empire. Nonetheless, pre-Columbian cultures and languages survived to influence and enrich their Spanish conquerors, ultimately forming the complex and fascinating modern nations of Mexico and Central America, or “Mesoamerica.” The Spanish invaders and Catholic clergy who accompanied them destroyed many of the old documents and archives of the civilizations which preceded them. They carried out this destruction often for military reasons (to demoralize the indigenous fighters opposing them), or, in other cases, on religious grounds (to battle what they regarded as the false faith of the native peoples). -
Cuadernos De Trabajo 38
Cuadernos de Trabajo Instituto de Investigaciones Histórico-Sociales UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA 38 La Escritura Mesoamericana y Maya Patrimonio Epigráfico de los Mayas La Casa Knorosov Xcaret Dr. Pedro Jiménez Lara Xalapa, Veracruz Noviembre de 2010 INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES HISTÓRICO-SOCIALES Director: Martín Aguilar Sánchez CUADERNOS DE TRABAJO Editor: Feliciano García Aguirre Comité Editorial: Joaquín R. González Martinez Rosío Córdova Plaza Pedro Jiménez Lara David Skerritt Gardner CUADERNO DE TRABAJO N° 38 © Instituto de Investigaciones Histórico-Sociales Universidad Veracruzana Diego Leño 8, Centro Xalapa, C.P. 91000, Veracruz ISSN 1405-5600 Viñeta de la portada: Luis Rechy (†) Cuidado de la edición: Lilia del Carmen Cárdenas Vázquez La Escritura Mesoamericana y Maya Patrimonio Epigráfico de los Mayas La Casa Knorosov Xcaret Dr. Pedro Jiménez Lara Cuadernos de trabajo Instituto de Investigaciones Histórico-Sociales Universidad Veracruzana Indice Página Introducción 6 Yuri Valentinovich Knorosov Desciframiento de la Escritura Maya 9 Sus primeros estudios 9 Un epigrafista rojo 10 En tierras mayas previo a su último viaje 11 Knorosov un cientifico completo 11 Proyecto para la escritura mesoamericana y maya 16 Socios Fundadores 29 Universidad Estatal de Rusia de Ciencias Humanas de Moscu Facultad de Historia, Politología y Derecho: Centro de Estudios Mesoamericanos “Yuri knórosov” (Moscú) 29 Universidad Veracruzana 31 Instituto de Investigaciones Histórico-Sociales 33 Centro turistico Kcaret 34 Conclusiones 37 Bibliografía 38 Anexo 1. Protocolo de intenciones entre Universidad Estatal de Rusia de Ciencias Humanas (Federación de Rusia) y Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa (México) 39 “Cualquier sistema o código elaborado por un ser humano podría ser resuelto por cualquier otro ser humano” Knorosov, Moscú, 1952 Introducción Una de las creaciones, por excelencia, hecha por el hombre es sin lugar a dudas la escritura como medio comunicación y de dejar evidencia de su existencia. -
The Sins of the Fathers: Franciscan Friars, Parish Priests, and the Sexual Conquest of the Yucatec Maya, 1545–1808
The Sins of the Fathers: Franciscan Friars, Parish Priests, and the Sexual Conquest of the Yucatec Maya, 1545–1808 John F. Chuchiak IV, Missouri State University Abstract. Differing from the rapid political, economic, and social conquests, the conquest of indigenous sexuality was often a long and deeply contested arena of indigenous-Spanish encounters. The roots of what can be called the “sexual conquest” of the Yucatec Maya began with the initial missions of the Franciscan friars. The earliest friars produced vocabularies, grammars, sermons, and confes- sion manuals as tools for their missionary effort. By analyzing these missionary creations, we can approach an understanding of the friars’ views of Maya sexuality. The Maya, however, often took the missionary teachings concerning proper and improper sexual activities, and through the lens of their own cultural concepts of sexuality and sexual relations they manipulated them for their own purposes. This paper will examine how the knowledge of the “sins of the fathers” served both the missionaries and the Maya in their struggle for control over the complex nature of evolving colonial sexuality. In that time there will be lies and madness, and also lust and fornication. —Chilam Balam of Chumayel On 6 July 1609, Francisco Ek and his son Clemente traveled from the Maya town of Hocaba to the city of Mérida to appear before Fray Hernando de Nava, the commissary of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in the province of Yucatán. Francisco Ek presented a petition that the interpreter, Fray Rodrigo Tinoco, translated from the Maya. Francisco pleaded, “We come before your Excellency . -
Deciphering the Roots Of
Deciphering the Roots of the Indus Civilisation Andrew Robinson pays tribute to Asko Parpola, whose lifelong study of the Indus script has revolutionised our understanding of this ancient civilisation. he decipherment of ancient scripts makes history. Columbus. Each breakthrough was principally the work of one When the Egyptian hieroglyphs started to give person – Jean-François Champollion for Egyptian hieroglyphs, up their secrets in the 1820s, with the help of Henry Rawlinson for Babylonian cuneiform, Michael Ventris for the bilingual Rosetta stone, the historical time Linear B, and Yuri KnoroZov for Mayan glyphs – although in every span was doubled, from about 600 BC, the date case, both the breakthrough and its subsequent confirmation ofT the earliest Hebrew inscriptions, back to about 3000 BC, the depended on the insights of predecessors and rival decipherers, beginning of dynastic rule. Later in the 19th such as Thomas Young (Egyptian hieroglyphs), Edward century, the cuneiform scripts of ancient Hincks (Babylonian cuneiform), Arthur Evans Mesopotamia were deciphered; and (Linear B), and Diego de Landa (Mayan glyphs). scholars were able to read the bureaucratic Several significant scripts remain to be records and literature of ancient Sumer, deciphered, for example, the Etruscan script of Babylon, and Assyria, comparable in age Italy (where the language is unknown) and with those of ancient Egypt. In the 1950s, the rongorongo script of Easter Island. By far the decipherment of Minoan Linear B the most influential and tantalising is the gave us Europe’s earliest readable script, Indus script, most of which is inscribed on written in a form of archaic Greek half seal stones, chiefly made of steatite.