North America Piping to Greener Pastures

ISSUE 21 SEPTEMBER 2014 North America Piping to greener pastures

EVENT EDITION Protecting your assets, preserving the beauty.

Nature is our greatest asset. It needs to be preserved and protected as pipeline networks grow and operational eﬃ ciency becomes a key requirement.

NDT Global provides pipeline inspections with a top ﬁ rst run success rate, superior data quality and rapid inspection report delivery to protect your assets and to preserve nature in all its wilderness and beauty.

Halfwave_PINMarch14_FP.indd 1 11/03/14 12:15 PM CONTENTS STATS GROUP

Managing Pressure, Minimising Risk 14 43 57

REGULARS 54 The role of comparative performance 4 From the Editor analysis in pipeline operations 6 World wrap 56 Cortez Subsea secures patent for shallow- 72 Event calendar water pipelay technology ISSUE 21 | SEPTEMBER 2014 72 Advertisers’ index 57 OMS completes pipe services for Barzan Gas Project 72 Coming in future issues UNITED KINGDOM 58 Philanthropy from our pipeliners (Editorial and Technical) NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW PO Box 21 8 The Gulf Coast Pipeline System: a catalyst TECHNICAL Beaconsfield, Bucks HP9 1NS UK for American jobs and energy security 60 A fairy tale outcome Tel: +44 1494 675139 | Fax: +44 1494 670155 14 Preparing for IPCE 2014 63 Energy Pipelines CRC updates industry with latest research findings UNITED STATES 18 Major Canadian pipeline operators (Sales) 20 The next generation of Canada’s pipeline RISK MANAGEMENT Tel: +1 832 314 1694 industry 64 The outlook for pipeline risk assessment

24 Putting Canada’s pipeline industry on the AUSTRALIA EVENTS map (Sales and Subscriptions) 66 Hundreds gather for a topical ptc in Berlin 26 Acclaimed pipeline integrity training GPO Box 4967 68 Learn to fix pipeline problems from the Melbourne, Victoria 3001 Australia courses in Calgary industry’s best Tel: +61 3 9248 5100 | Fax: +61 3 9602 2708 28 PPIM 2015 70 Third “Unpiggable” Pipeline Solutions COATINGS Forum to be held in Houston 32 Design and mode of operation for advanced corrosion protection systems 38 Improved coating adhesion with BISEP™ | High Pressure Intervention & Isolation aluminium oxide [email protected] www.pipelinesinternational.com INTERVIEW 40 In conversation with Friedrich Hecker The publishers welcome editorial contributions from interested 43 Nord Stream’s technical mastermind parties. However, the publishers do not accept responsibility for the content of these contributions and the views contained INDUSTRY NEWS Pipeline intervention and isolation can be achieved using STATS patented leak-tight BISEP™. The BISEP™ therein which will not necessarily be the views of the publishers. 46 Relying on Russia: an overview of the The publishers do not accept responsibility for any claims made PIPELINES provides fail-safe double block and bleed isolation deployed through a single full bore hot tap penetration existing European pipeline industry by advertisers. INTERNATIONAL 48 Precision through sound for pipeline DIGITAL EDITION – no additional bleed ports. The BISEP™ contains dual energised seals and the annulus zero-energy zone Unless explicitly stated otherwise in writing, by providing edito- inspection rial material to Great Southern Press (GSP), including text and Fibreglass pipelines to enable efficient and AVAILABLE NOW images you are providing permission for that material to be subse- 50 proves and monitors the seal integrity before and during intervention work. quently used by GSP, whole or in part, edited or unchanged, alone economic onsite build or in combination with other material in any publication or format 51 Integrity for social licence in print or online or howsoever distributed, whether produced by Relieving stress: preventive riser GSP and its agents and associates or another party to whom GSP 52 pipelinesinternational.com has provided permission. maintenance offshore Malaysia www.statsgroup.com 2 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 FROM THE EDITOR

here are several themes running particularly succinctly put in our interview through this issue of Pipelines with Friedrich Hecker, CEO of Rosen. TInternational that the diligent reader Mr Hecker expresses concern with the may well pick up, but which are important issues relating to globally ageing pipeline enough to use this column to draw readers’ infrastructure, and the provision of products attention toward. and services to ensure that the use of pipeline The first is Canada. Accompanying the assets can be optimised. Mr Hecker makes publication of this issue is our new map of the other very significant and cogent comments in Canadian pipeline network, which is made up our interview with him, which is worth of 21 major pipelines and many distribution reading in full on page 40. and gathering lines. Prepared with the The third theme is not a theme, but a assistance of Canada’s National Energy Board celebration of the ‘silly season’ that comes and the Canadian Energy Pipelines over the newspaper and media industries in Association, the map gives a rapid and useful the summer months (in the UK, at any rate). overview of the country’s approximately To a pedant such as the writer, the use of the 57,300 km main oil and gas pipeline network, word ‘pipeline’ in any context besides a Editor-in-Chief: John Tiratsoo and draws attention to the $US7.9 billion structure for transportation of fluids and gases Managing Editor: Lyndsie Clark value (in 2012) of this industry to the country, is anathema. Sadly, and regularly, as we all Associate Editor: Anna Tupicoff mainly as a result of resources in Alberta, know, the word finds its way into common Sales Manager: Tim Thompson Saskatchewan, and Ontario. language in places where no pipeline should Senior Account Manager: David Marsh One of the most significant industry ever appear, and this is particularly the case Sales Representative: David Entringer conferences takes place in Calgary in with newspaper article headlines. This misuse Creative Director: Michelle Cross September. The five-day biennial International is typified by headlines from two recent Acting Design Manager: Bianca Botter Pipeline Conference (IPC) is widely known and editions of the UK’s Guardian newspaper Events Manager: Luke Rowohlt respected, and our Canadian theme continues where we read of a somewhat uninviting Publisher: Zelda Tupicoff with a preview of the event and its hotel (‘Underwater hotel in the pipeline accompanying exhibition. Not only does IPC for North Korea’s ‘tourist city’), and from provide an enthralling overview of some of the the world of professional football, we read latest research and accomplishments of our (ungrammatically) of ‘Drogba set to bolster global industry, but it also provides an Chelsea’s options with coaching role in opportunity for new members of the industry pipeline’. (Maybe, however, just as The Horizontal Drill section of the Access to be enthused by what solutions and skilled ‘mathematics’ is often nowadays called ‘math’ ISSUE 21 SEPTEMBER 2014 Pipeline Northeast engineering can provide both in terms of by educationalists, this actually means that North America Expansion in Alberta, achievements and in terms of fascinating and Drogba will start coaching people in pipeline Piping to greener pastures Canada. Image courtesy of valuable careers. engineering, which certainly would be Access Pipeline. This leads to the final mention of Canada something for us to celebrate!) in this context – the Young Pipeliners But possibly the worst example, which set Association of Canada (YPAC). The Association our heart racing when we saw the recent email was formed in 2012, and now has over announcing it, is KPMG’s message that is EVENT EDITION 400 members. As its president Alina headed ‘Transport projects dominate UK Gabdrakhmanova points out on page 20, Government construction pipeline, says KPMG ISSN: 1837-1167 “This is a time of great opportunities and report. We really thought of a whole new immense challenges for young professionals, world of UK government-sponsored pipeline Follow us on Twitter and the aim of our organisation is to cultivate projects but, much to our disappointment, it is @Pipelines top talent within the industry through about nothing of the sort, as the report in retaining the knowledge base of retiring question focuses on proposals for new UK rail world-class pipeline experts, and providing and road schemes instead – the antithesis, in FREE Pipelines International networking and mentorship opportunities, as fact, of pipelines! e-newsletter well as to attract more workers by educating @ The latest news, events and job listings emailed fortnightly current and future graduates about the SUBSCRIBE NOW pipeline industry.” www.pipelinesinternational.com This leads conveniently to our second theme – training. The issues are well-known John Tiratsoo and increasingly well-articulated, but are Editor-in-Chief Remember to email your news, views and article ideas to [email protected]

4 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 WORLD WRAP WORLD WRAP

Bredero Shaw to provide coating for South Stream Offshore Pipeline Petrofac secures Shah Deniz Stage II ShawCor’s pipe coating division, Bredero Shaw, has been awarded maintenance build contract 1,617 km Utica Marcellus Texas Pipeline to be operational by 2017 a coating services contract with a value of approximately Petrofac has secured a contract with the Kinder Morgan says that its proposed Utica Marcellus Texas Pipeline (UMTP) is expected to be operational by 2017. The UMTP $US50 million from the Marubeni Sumitomo Consortium for Line BP-operated Shah Deniz Stage II project to will transport Y-grade natural gas liquids (NGLs) from the Utica and Marcellus shales to the Texas Gulf Coast. The project will ll of the South Stream Offshore Pipeline. The system comprises provide its maintenance build capabilities. The involve converting approximately 1,617 km of Kinder Morgan’s 24 and 26 inch diameter Tennessee Gas Pipeline System, four parallel pipelines that will cross the Black Sea and transport contract, valued at approximately currently in natural gas service to NGL service, extending from Mercer, Pennsylvania to Natchitoches, Louisiana. It also gas from Russia to Bulgaria and on to central and southern $US8.4 million, covers new onshore, offshore, involves the construction of approximately 321 km of new NGL pipeline to extend the Y-grade pipeline from Natchitoches, Europe. The contract involves coating a 342 km section of the and pipeline assets in the Azerbaijan sector of Louisiana, to Mont Belvieu, Texas, and/or south Louisiana, as well as the construction of approximately 257 km of new 32 inch diameter pipeline with three-layer polypropylene and the Caspian Sea for what is one of the largest natural gas and NGL laterals and interconnects in Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississippi, internal flow coating. Coating is expected to commence in the gas developments in the world. Plant Asset which will supply alternate sources to the existing pipeline. Kinder Morgan has said that the NGL pipeline would have an third quarter of 2014 and be completed in 2015. Management, the asset performance initial capacity of 150,000 bbl/d, and be expandable to 400,000 bbl/d with the addition of pump stations. Route selection management consulting business of Petrofac, and permit preparation is currently ongoing. will provide services including the development of reliability and maintenance strategies, validation of the master equipment list, creation of a maintenance assignment, and the development of computerised maintenance-management system data. Due for completion in 2018, this is part of a Pemex contracts OAT consortium for Ramones II-North Pipeline long-term project that will see Shah Deniz II Pemex Gas and Basic Petrochemicals has selected the OAT consortium of add a further 565 Bcf/a of gas production to the companies to complete engineering, procurement and construction works current 317 Bcf/a produced by Shah Deniz I on the Ramones II-North Pipeline project. The OAT consortium consists of through the opening of a new Southern Gas Odebrecht, Techint and Arendal Mexican. The Ramones II-North project Corridor to Europe. includes the construction of a 42 inch diameter, 450 km pipeline transporting gas from Nuevo Leon in northern Mexico to San Luis Potosi in central Mexico. The project is part of the $US1.2 billion System of Natural Gas Transportation project, which will include four pipeline Arrow lodges plans for 580 km Bowen Pipeline projects, totalling over 1,000 km in length. The project will have a capacity Arrow Energy has released the final preliminary documentation for its plans to of 2.1 Bcf/d, and aims to increase power generation and improve the develop a 580 km pipeline from north of Moranbah to Gladstone, Queensland, distribution of natural gas to residential and commercial sectors. Australia. The Arrow Bowen Pipeline will be between 24–34 inch diameter and will be buried at least 29.5 inches, with the proposed route beginning in the southern part of the Whitsunday region through the Isaac, Rockhampton and Gladstone local government areas. The construction process will involve a 40 m right-of-way (ROW), with work to last approximately three to six months at any point along the construction ROW, given favourable weather. The pipeline’s environmental impact statement was approved by the Queensland Government in March 2013, while an application for Commonwealth approval is still being assessed.

Mombasa – Nairobi pipeline construction contract signed Kenya Pipeline Co. and Zakhem International Construction Co. Ltd have signed a contract for the construction of a second 20 inch multi-product oil pipeline from Odebrecht and Enagás to construct South Peruvian pipeline Mombasa to Nairobi. The existing 450 km pipeline between Mombasa and Nairobi has been in operation since 1978. Under the contract, Zakhem International The Government of Peru has awarded the Odebrecht and Enagás consortium the construction and Construction Co. Ltd will undertake the: construction of the 20 inch pipeline and a subsequent operation and maintenance contract of the Peruvian South Pipeline project. The 1,000 km 96-core fibre-optic cable along the right-of-way from Mombasa to Nairobi; site pipeline will run from the Peruvian jungle to the coast and will strengthen the transportation of existing preparation and civil works including buildings, pump shelters, and equipment natural gas liquids, directly impacting the development of the regions of Cusco, Arequipa, Moquegua, support in the pump stations; construction of four new pump stations at Changamwe Puno, Apurimac, and Tacna. Spanish energy company Enagás will act as qualified operator of the (PS1), Maungu, Mtito Andei and Sultan Hamud and two booster pumps at Kipevu; consortium, and will be responsible for the operation and maintenance of the pipeline, while Brazilian and installation of automatic control system and field instrumentation systems for construction company Odebrecht will be in charge of the engineering, procurement and construction of pipeline automatic operation, testing, commissioning and handover of the new the pipeline. The contract is the largest investment in infrastructure in the country’s history and is pipeline to KPC. expected to generate 7,000 direct jobs in its construction stage, leading to the much anticipated industrialisation of the south of Peru.

To stay informed on this news and more, subscribe to the Pipelines International Update ›› www.pipelinesinternational.com

6 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 7 NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW

The Gulf Coast Pipeline System: a catalyst for American jobs and HEAVY-DUTY GIRTH-WELD PROTECTION FOR energy security DIRECTIONALLY DRILLED PIPELINES

Construction of the Keystone oil pipeline in North Dakota. Image courtesy of TransCanada.

By Bernard L. Weinstein, Ph.D., Terry L. Clower, Ph.D., and Nicholas J. Saliba, B.B.A., B.S., B.A. In just the past decade, the North American energy industry has undergone a rapid transformation. Thanks to technological advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, oil and gas production has surged from previously untapped US shale rock formations, with the International Energy Agency predicting that the US will overtake Saudi Arabia to become the world’s top producer of oil by 2016.

n Canada, relatively high oil prices and new living improves in the developing world. As the “spill rate” for pipelines has been only technology have enabled the profitable North America weans itself off imported oil, the 38 gallons per billion gallons transported. Iextraction of crude bitumen from the region will benefit from greater energy security, For rail tank cars, the spill rate is 80 gallons. Athabasca oil sands in Alberta, which are while retail gasoline and diesel prices will be Simply put, North America must build estimated to contain the second largest crude less volatile and could even decline. However, more pipelines. Despite environmental oil reserves in the world, behind only Saudi for this boom to continue, and for energy concerns, a pipeline is the safest and most Arabia. Increasingly, this unconventional oil security to become a reality, the pipeline efficient way to transport oil and gas. One of from Canada can wean North America off of its infrastructure to support North American oil the most vital pieces of this transportation reliance on Middle Eastern oil. and gas production must be expanded. infrastructure is TransCanada’s Keystone In December 2013, in an effort to address The pipeline capacity needed to support Pipeline System. TransCanada is meeting the the declines of its domestic oil production, the the North American energy boom does not growing demand for energy across North Mexican government enacted constitutional currently exist. Due to the shale boom and America and maximising America’s pipeline reforms that ended the 75-year monopoly of limited pipeline capacity to move crude oil, infrastructure through innovative and strategic Petroleós Mexicanos (PEMEX), the state-owned shipments of oil by railroad from Alberta and pipeline solutions that will transport Canadian oil company. The opening up of the country’s the Bakken have grown 25-fold since 2008. crude oil – as well as US domestic crude oil – oil industry now enables international According to the North Dakota State Pipeline to key US markets in the Midwest and US Gulf companies to finally share in its profits. These Authority, about 75 per cent of Bakken oil left Coast. Three phases of the Keystone Pipeline companies will bring advanced technologies to North Dakota on trains in April 2013. System have been completed, with the fourth The DDX™ Directional Drilling Kit is a high performance coating Mexico’s shale plays and offshore territories, Shipments by rail are likely to continue to phase – the northern portion of Keystone XL – system designed to protect welded joints on PE and FBE coated reversing the decline in oil production that has rise if Keystone XL is not built. However, awaiting approval by the White House. The plagued Mexico since 2005. railroads are neither the most efficient nor the Keystone Pipeline System means that more of pipelines in directional drilling applications. This 3-layer system is the Together, these developments have safest means of transporting oil. When a the oil that US refineries need will come from most recent evolution of Canusa’s joint coating technology. given rise to the possibility of North America freight train hauling crude oil in tank cars US and Canadian sources, instead of from becoming a world energy superpower. Not only jumps the rails, the damage can be potentially politically unstable countries in the For added mechanical protection during a directional drill application, can the region achieve energy security by devastating – as was the case with the tragic Middle East and Venezuela. Canusa’s Wrapid Shield™ XL or HBE-DX™ can be applied on the reducing imports of OPEC oil, but it can also accident in Quebec in July 2013. By become a net exporter of hydrocarbons to comparison, decades of use have proved that The four phases of Keystone DDX’s leading edge as an overcoat. developing countries in Asia and Latin pipelines overall are overwhelmingly safe TransCanada’s 4,247 km Keystone America. According to the International Energy and reliable. Pipelines carry far more crude Pipeline System transports crude oil from Agency (IEA), the global demand for energy is and have fewer leaks per mile. And when a Hardisty, Alberta, Canada, to markets in the expected to rise 35 per cent by 2035 as spill occurs, the repair and clean up are American Midwest and the US Gulf Coast. economies in both developed and emerging relatively easy. According to the American countries continue to grow and the standard of Petroleum Institute, over the past 30 years CONTINUED ON PAGE 10 ›› canusa.com 8 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014

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‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 8

The Keystone Pipeline System, incorporating the Gulf Welding on the Gulf Coast Project. Image courtesy of TransCanada. Coast Pipeline System. Image courtesy of TransCanada.

Three phases of the Keystone Pipeline project Phase II, the Keystone to Cushing extension, The Gulf Coast Pipeline Project is an are in operation, and the fourth is awaiting was completed in February 2011 with the approximately 780 km, 36 inch diameter crude US Government approval – the Keystone XL pipeline running from Steele City to storage and oil pipeline beginning in Cushing, Oklahoma, Pipeline that would provide a direct distribution facilities at Cushing, Oklahoma. and extending south to Nederland, Texas. connection between Hardisty and Steele City. Phase III, the Gulf Coast Extension, was The Gulf Coast Project is designed to carry Upon completion, the Keystone Pipeline opened in January 2014 and has the capacity crude from Cushing to the Gulf Coast refinery System will consist of the completed Keystone to deliver up to 830,000 bbl/d from Cushing to marketplace. The 77 km Houston Lateral is an Pipeline (Phases I and II), Keystone Gulf Coast refineries along the Texas Gulf Coast. The additional project to transport oil specifically Expansion (Phase III), and the proposed proposed Phase IV, the Keystone XL Pipeline to refineries in the Houston area. Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase IV). Project, would begin in Hardisty, Alberta and Construction of the Gulf Coast Extension Phase I, delivering oil from Hardisty, extend to Steele City, Nebraska. commenced in August 2012, and has the initial Alberta, to Steele City, Wood River, and capacity to transport 700,000 boe/d from Patoka, was completed in the summer of 2010. The Gulf Coast Project – underground storage tanks in Cushing to Gulf This pipeline has safely delivered almost a success story Coast refineries. With the expected completion 490 MMboe, and the project employed Phase III of the Keystone Pipeline System, of the Houston Lateral project in the fourth 8,969 people to build the pipeline and its known as the Gulf Coast Extension or the Gulf related facilities. Coast Project, opened on 22 January 2014. CONTINUED ON PAGE 12 ››

CONSTRUCTION OF THE GULF COAST PIPELINE PROJECT REQUIRED:

More than 11 million hours of labour completed $US2.3 billion 6 by 4,844 workers in the US including heavy modern pump in private sector investment equipment operators, welders, labourers, stations transportation operators and supervisory personnel

More than 50 contracts with US manufacturers The manufacturing of more than 780 km of and companies building the pipeline and 36 inch diameter high-strength oil pipeline as well as equipment in locations including Arkansas, hundreds of large valves; thousands of fittings; thousands of pieces of equipment used to build transformers, meters, California, Georgia, South Carolina,Texas, electric motors, cabling and electrical equipment; and many more and piping assembling and structural steel for supports

10 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW

States 2000 2012 Percent Change Oklahoma $24,602 $40,620 65% ‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10 Texas $28,506 $42,638 50% quarter of 2014, this number is expected to Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) rise to 830,000 boe/d. By way of reference, 830,000 boe represents roughly Figure 1: Per capita personal income in counties affected by Gulf Coast Project. 4 per cent of daily US oil consumption. The pipeline provides Gulf Coast refineries economic boost supplied by pipeline projects The ripple effect of the Gulf Coast with access to lower cost North American will be long-lasting. Project production and reduces the US reliance on “Pipeline construction such as Running from Cushing to Nederland, OPEC sources of crude oil. The project will TransCanada’s Gulf Coast Project is going to the project traverses 24 counties – eight in also help relieve the glut of crude oil that has feed our refineries more product and keep us Oklahoma and 16 in Texas. With the been sitting in storage at Cushing for the past hopping for the next five, ten years at least,” exception of Smith and Jefferson counties in few years. Due to the lack of transportation said Mr Kunk. Texas, these are rural areas with relatively infrastructure, refiners on the Gulf Coast have Joe Penland is another Texas business small populations. What’s more, population been forced to buy higher-priced foreign oil. owner who benefitted from the pipeline’s growth in most of these counties has trailed Since the opening of the Gulf Coast Project, construction. Mr Penland owns Quality Mat the state average. North American oil has finally begun to Co. in southeast Texas. His company For example, among the Oklahoma make its way from Cushing to refineries on partnered with TransCanada to make the counties crossed by the pipeline, only Bryan the Gulf Coast. Gulf Coast Project safer. With a patented County at 21 per cent grew at a faster rate than concept, Mr Penland fabricates more than the 12 per cent population growth state-wide Community impact of the Gulf 250,000 mats per year in his facility inside between 2000 and 2013. Three of the counties – Coast Project the Beaumont city limits. He leased the mats Hughes, Coal and Atoka – recorded zero or Local restaurants, hotels, and businesses to TransCanada during construction of the negative population change. The story is experienced a significant boost thanks to Gulf Coast Pipeline in Oklahoma and Texas. similar in Texas, where all 16 affected construction of the project. During When Quality Mat makes a dollar in counties, with the exception of Smith County construction, TransCanada spent roughly profit, 30 to 33 cents goes back into the (24 per cent), recorded population growth rates $US6 million each month directly with local community, much of it in to women’s health well below the state average of 27 per cent. businesses in Texas and Oklahoma. programs. According to Mr Penland, An examination of per capita income For instance, Clifford Bryant, a local “TransCanada – without knowing it– funded growth in the Gulf Coast Project counties entrepreneur in Prague, Oklahoma, reports several hundred thousand dollars’ worth of between 2000 and 2012 – the latest year for that construction of the pipeline “doubled our free mammograms, free prostate checks, which data is available – is a more positive city sales tax receipts”. Mr Bryant bought a getting people through some local institutions story. In Oklahoma, six of the eight affected mobile RV and trailer park when he heard here, navigating them through surgery, counties recorded per capita income growth that TransCanada would be bringing a navigating them through treatments and that was faster than the state average of construction yard to town for its Gulf Coast extending some people’s lives.” 65 per cent (see Figure 1). In Texas, eleven of the Project. Previously, only eleven of the 57 spots Construction of the pipelines and crude 16 counties posted per capita income growth in the park were occupied. Once construction storage tanks created jobs and generated tax above the state average between 2000 and 2012. began, all 57 were occupied. Mr Bryant notes revenue for communities that were used to But despite these gains, per capita income in all that a full RV park contributes as much as improve education, local infrastructure, and of the Oklahoma and Texas counties along the $US8,000 a month in electricity fees alone to public services. Now that the pipeline is Gulf Coast Project alignment remained below the municipal utility. flowing, neighbouring communities will the state-wide averages, in some cases more In the southeast Texas town of Kountze, continue to benefit from the surplus tax than 30 per cent below. Jeremy Kunk’s Ready Ice Company sold revenues accumulated during construction, Against this backdrop of slow population approximately 30,000 pounds of ice per week and the spending associated with ongoing growth and below-average per capita income, to pipeline construction sites in its area. The operations and maintenance, as well as the project has become an important ice improved safety by keeping workers cool property taxes levied on the pipelines and contributor to the economic health of many of and hydrated. Kunk expects that the ancillary equipment. the 24 affected counties.

This is an extract of the paper The Keystone/Gulf Coast Pipeline System: a catalyst for American jobs and energy security prepared for the Consumer Energy Alliance of America. To read the paper in full, or for more information, visit www.consumerenergyalliance.org

12 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW

A panel session underway. Preparing for the

With 13 technical tracks, 19 tutorials, four panel sessions and an exposition with over 200 leading brand names in the industry, the 10th International Pipeline Conference and Exposition is best tackled with a plan. As the official media partner of the event, Pipelines International helps break down your five-day plan of attack, with some suggestions to ensure you get the most out of the event.

housands of the world’s leading The exposition is organised by dmg::events running throughout the week, aimed at pipeline industry professionals will and will showcase some of the industry’s most enhancing the opportunities for delegates Tgather for the biennial event at the recognised brands as well as the latest pipeline to hear and participate in discussions Hyatt Regency Hotel and the TELUS technologies, products and services. with industry leaders in the topic areas of Convention Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada your choice. from 29 September to 3 October 2014. Plan your sessions early In addition to the conference technical The conference is managed by the Attracting some of the most experienced stream, technical tutorials in 19 key areas of International Pipeline Conference and respected members in the pipeline interest will be running concurrently to the Foundation on behalf of the American community, the International Pipeline conference on Monday and Wednesday Society of Mechanical Engineers’ (ASME’s) Conference (IPC) will have many papers for 1 October, including Pipeline Integrity Pipeline Systems Division, and is designed you to choose from. Evaluations and Engineering Assessments, to inform, enlighten, and motivate all those The conference begins on Monday Fracture Mechanics, Recommended Practices that attend. 29 September, with 13 technical streams for Pipeline Repair, and much more.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 16 ››

14 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW

‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 14 Explore the world-class Exposition The International Pipeline Exposition (IPE) will feature over 200 international companies displaying their latest technology, so it is a great meeting ground for exploring the latest innovations, products, and services for the pipeline industry, as well as providing face-to-face networking opportunities. The 2014 Exposition will be held from Tuesday 30 September to Thursday 2 October, so be sure to exchange knowledge and remain current with advances in corrosion, integrity, detection, testing, inspection, and pigging. While learning about some of the latest developments, the exposition floor is also a great way to catch up with friends and colleagues as well as network with some new clients. Companies from around the world will be exhibiting including: • A-Hak Industrial Services • C-FER Technologies • Clock Spring Company • Denso North America • Enduro Pipeline Services • Fotech Solutions Ltd • Halfwave Delegates enjoying the many networking opportunities. • Mears Group • Michels Canada • On Tuesday there will be both an Industry • NDT Systems & Services (Canada Inc.) Reception supported by Michels Meet the Pipelines International team • Pigging Products & Services Association Corporation and NDT Global, as well as Pipelines International will be bringing • Quest Integrity Group the ASME Members Award dinner. you all the conference and exposition • RAM-100 International, LLC • On Wednesday is the IPC Networking news in the IPCE 2014 update. Make • ROSEN Canada Ltd Reception, supported by IPC, IPE and sure you drop by Pipelines International • Stantec Consulting Dynamic Risk. The theme for the at stand 1301 to say hello to the team • STATS Group International Inc. reception is ‘Flashback to the 1950’s’ – who take pride in bringing you all the • T.D. Williamson Inc. IPC has asked attendees to dust off latest in international pipeline industry • Vermeer their blue suede shoes and poodle news. Pick up a copy of the September • Weatherford Pipeline & Specialty Services. skirts, throw their hair in a ponytail edition of the magazine, and declare (don’t forget the bow) or pour on the your love for the industry with an ‘I love Create new connections Brylcreem and get their pompadour Pipelines’ sticker. Planning out your sessions and time just right! in the conference and exposition is Be sure to check your programme for all important, but make sure to leave time for the details on these events. some of the great networking opportunities. Take advantage of having so many With over 2,000 members of the pipeline industry professionals under one roof and industry and community expected to attend, say hello to someone new – new business is the event provides ample opportunity for just around the corner. delegates to see first-hand what companies are able to offer and creates new connections. A number of networking events are taking SAVE THE DATE! place during the five-day conference such as: 29 September– 3 October, 2014 • A Monday evening Conference Ice Breaker The Hyatt Regency Hotel Reception, sponsored by ASME Pipeline and the TELUS Convention Systems Division and the Canadian Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Energy Pipeline Association. Canada

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Major Canadian pipeline operators ENBRIDGE

According to the International Energy Agency, North America will require $US8 trillion in new energy • The largest natural gas distributor in Canada • Transports 53% of US-bound Canadian production, infrastructure investment by 2035 to meet the needs of new and existing markets. Pipelines International and accounts for 15% of total US crude oil imports looks at two of the largest pipeline operators in Canada. • Operates approximately 25,420 km of crude • Enbridge is the largest gas gatherer and transporter pipeline across North America in the Gulf of Mexico, a prolific natural gas region, • Delivers an average of 2.2 MMbl/d of crude oil handling 35% of total offshore gas production and and liquids 45% of total deepwater gas production TRANSCANADA 2013 FINANCIAL YEAR • Has a workforce of more than 11,000 people • $US49.5 billion total assets • $US3 billion operating income • $US1.5 billion net income attributable to common Enbridge’s pipeline systems include: $US36 billion in growth 57,000 km of wholly-owned pipelines shares • Canadian Mainline (2,306 km) projects under construction or in planning. All of these projects • Enbridge Saskatchewan System (2,463 km) • $US2.2 net income per share are commercially secured and • $US3.7 billion funds generated from operations • North Dakota System (1,321 km) planned to be in service by 2017. 11,500 km of partially-owned pipelines • 707 million shares outstanding • Lakehead System/US Mainline (3,057 km) • Alliance System (1,986 km) 2014 2017 20% of the natural gas consumed in North • North Texas System (7,403 km) America is transported by TransCanada TransCanada’s pipeline systems are located in Canada, TransCanada moves 15 Bcf/d of natural gas the US and Mexico, including: Of the shares that are publicly traded, ownership is as follows: across Canada and the US • NGTL System (24,522 km)

25% of Canada’s crude oil exports to the US are • Canadian Mainline (14,114 km) Canadian Institutional – 42% transported by the Keystone Pipeline system • Foothills System (1,241 km) US Institutional – 26% • ANR Pipeline (16,121 km) Publicly traded – 96% PUBLICLY The proposed Keystone XL and Energy East ENBRIDGE Canadian Retail – 19% Privately held Enbridge shares TRADED • Guadalajara PipelineBRITISH (310COLUMBIA km) OWNERSHIP systems would be capable of moving (Noverco) – 4% SHARES Foreign Institutional – 10% 2.5 MMbbl/d to market (more than 50% • Tamazunchale Pipeline (130 km) ALBERTA US Retail – 2% of western Canadian production) Peace River • Keystone System (4,247 km) ENB Management – 1% Kitimat Fort McMurray Ownership as at 30 June 2013 and excludes Noverco’s share interest MANITOBA Source: Enbridge website: www.enbridge.com/InvestorRelations CAPITAL EXPENDITURE Edmonton Energy and corporate Energy and corporateSASKATCHEWAN CEPA $US359 million Oil pipelines $US185 million QUEBEC Natural gas pipelines Hardisty $US842 million $US2,280 million The Canadian Energy PipelineONTARIO Association (CEPA) represents Canada’s transmission pipeline companies. CEPA members Vancouver Quebec Regina transport 97 per cent of Canada’s daily natural gas and onshore crudeLévis oil production from producing regions to markets Calgary Saint Moosomin throughout Canada and the US. 2011 2013 Winnipeg John $US3,545 $US2,306 GretnaFull members of CEPA include: million Montreal million • Access Pipeline Inc. • Inter Pipeline Ltd • Spectra Energy Transmission Ottowa Natural gas pipelines • Alliance Pipeline Ltd. • Kinder Morgan Canada • TransCanada Pipelines Ltd $US1.1 billion Oil pipelines • ATCO Pipelines • Pembina Pipeline Corporation • TransGas Ltd $US1.1 billion • Enbridge Pipelines Inc. • Plains Midstream Canada ULC • Trans-Northern Pipelines Inc. Toronto Source: TransCanda’s 2013 Annual Report, and other information provided on TransCanada’s website: www.transcanada.com Source: Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) website: www.cepa.com

18 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 19 NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW

The YPAC Calgary Board. Left to right: Peter Tanchak, Chad Blain, Alina Gabdrakhmanova, Kara Edmonson, Darren Low (F) Kacie Crooks, Steven Nguyen, Kevin Tsang. Missing: Kiyomi Le, William Weng, Casey Bajnok, John Salazar. Images styled by Ghyslaine Leroy, clothing provided by ESPY, shot at National on 8th, photography by Chuck Szmurlo and Paula Kreba. The next generation of Canada’s pipeline industry

The transference of knowledge and experience to the next generation of young pipeliners is a topic often discussed amongst industry stalwarts. Although no straightforward solutions have emerged, there seems to be no shortage of enthusiasm amongst the up-and-coming pipeline leaders, with organisations such as the Young Pipeliners Association of Canada working hard to grow its membership base and provide networking and industry opportunities to its peers.

n 2012, some concerned pipeline industry “There are a significant number of major veterans in Calgary discussed the future of pipeline projects being developed trying to “The aim of our organisation Itheir beloved pipeline industry, meet the needs of the oil and gas industry and questioning who would replace the baby foster the country’s economy, and at the same is to cultivate top talent boomers after they retired, who would fill the time there are an unprecedented number of technical skills gap, and what was being done people with significant expertise retiring, within the industry through now to protect the longevity of their industry? creating a ‘silver tsunami’ phenomenon,” retaining the knowledge- And so the Young Pipeliners Association of explains Ms Gabdrakhmanova. Canada (YPAC) was born, beginning with ten “This is a time of great opportunities and base of retiring world-class members, and growing to over 400 members in immense challenges for the young pipeline experts.” the past two years. Association membership is professionals, and the aim of our organisation free, and allows members access to exclusive is to cultivate top talent within the industry – ALINA GABDRAKHMANOVA, industry opportunities, such as presentations, through retaining the knowledge-base of YPAC PRESIDENT conferences and networking. retiring world-class pipeline experts, and YPAC President Alina Gabdrakhmanova providing networking and mentorship sees great potential for the organisation, opportunities, as well as to attract more particularly with the Canadian pipeline workers by educating current and future industry’s unique period of growth. graduates about the pipeline industry.” CONTINUED ON PAGE 22 ››

20 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW PIPELINE AND SPECIALTY SERVICES ‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 20 “It is my goal to empower them, and to find ways to bring those ideas to reality. At Ultrasonic Systems the end of the day we want the New tools. Global experience. voice of young professionals Trusted inspection services. to be heard and considered to ensure a sustainable future of the industry.” – ALINA GABDRAKHMANOVA, YPAC PRESIDENT The YPAC Edmonton Board. Left to right: Jill Fritsch, Daryl Bandstra, Tran Mah-Paulson, Brent Ayton, Katherine Jonsson. Missing: Laura Seto.

The organisation facilitates connectivity pipeline industry: Penspen Director Dr Phil between its members as well as with industry, Hopkins presented on the public perception of including owner/operators, design, pipeline risk, while Principia Consulting construction, and service companies, Engineer Dr Alan Murray gave a presentation encouraging connections to be made across on the basics of pipelines (design through to disciplines, which is of great value to young construction), Northern Gateway Pipelines professionals, senior members, and companies President John Carruthers talked about alike. Ensuring that knowledge and experience Enbridge’s Northern Gateway Project, Pembina YPAC’s members will be a strong force is passed on from one generation to the next is Midstream Vice President Robert Jones at this year’s International Pipeline done with the help of the YPAC Advisory Board, discussed the importance of energy Conference (IPC 2014) in Calgary, with consisting of industry experts including infrastructure in North America, PetroSleeve the group hosting its own forum From Young Pipeliners to Industry Leaders: National Energy Boards (NEB) Engineering Vice President Bob Smyth covered the basic A Cross-sectional View of Careers in Technical Leader on the Integrity Management design elements in CSA Z662, and Kinder the Pipeline Industry, hosting a golf Team Joe Paviglianiti, Enbridge Pipelines Morgan Senior Pipeline Engineer Adam Lind tournament, and presenting an award Manager of Integrity Technology Advancement presented on the existing and future plans for to recognise a young pipeliner who Lorna Harron, former NEB Chief Engineer Dr Kinder Morgan’s Trans Mountain line. has submitted a paper to IPC 2014. Alan Murray, Rosen Canada Vice President Ms Gabdrakhmanova says while the Daryl Ronsky and Alliance Pipeline Ltd Director organisation’s growth has so far been by word “IPC is the premier pipeline event in the for Pipeline and Corridor Risk Management of mouth only, she expects YPAC to gain at world, held right here in our backyard,” Dr Arti Bhatia – all of whom provide least 1,000 members once official promotions says YPAC Vice President Peter Tanchak. mentorship and advice to the YPAC members. begin next year. With a very successful chapter “This is an opportunity for our members Two golf tournaments have been held since in Edmonton, YPAC also plans to expand to to connect with top international talent and collaborate on innovative ideas 2012, one in conjunction with the International the Vancouver area. within the pipeline industry. Pipeline Conference (IPC 2012) and another in “We are lucky to work with an amazing Our ultrasonic crack-detection (UTCD) tool finds all types of anomalies, 2013 to raise funds for Indspire, a national group of people who bring a great deal of “With over half our member including tight, closed-faced cracks. With the newest fleet of tools in the charity dedicated to raising funds that deliver passion, and innovative ideas to the table,” population attending and with industry, we provide high-speed, accurate inspections that identify, measure, programmes and provide the necessary tools explains Ms Gabdrakhmanova. “It is my goal numerous members involved with the and characterize a wide range of anomalies in the earliest formative stages: for Canada’s Indigenous peoples, especially to empower them, and to find ways to bring IPC Committees (technical, youth, to achieve their potential. those ideas to reality. At the end of the day we sponsorship, social media, etc.) many • Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) YPAC has also sent numerous Young want the voice of young professionals to be have put in long hours to ensure the • Axial cracking Pipeliners to various conferences, such as IPC heard and considered to ensure a sustainable success of IPC 2014.” • Fatigue cracking 2012, the Banff Pipeline Workshop in April, future of the industry.” • Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) 2013, and the Rio Pipeline Conference in • Crack-like features September 2013. For further information, to join as a member, or to learn about upcoming YPAC events in • Cracking in long-seam welds In addition to representation at Calgary and Edmonton, visit the organisation’s website www.ypacanada.com or email • Circumferential cracking conferences, YPAC has arranged and hosted a [email protected] number of industry speakers in Calgary and Contact and collaborate with us at weatherford.com/pss Edmonton, has arranged several site visits, and www.facebook.com/YPACanada organises an annual YPAC Ski Trip. Industry @YPACanada speakers have covered all spectrums of the

© 2014 Weatherford. All rights reserved. Weatherford. © 2014 Formation Evaluation | Well Construction | Completion & Stimulation | Production 22 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 EZLine-Ad-Sept-Issue-PRINT_ADJ.pdf 1 3/07/2014 10:42 am

NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW ®

We’re Not Just Pipe Supports

Putting Canada’s pipeline industry on the map

The Pipelines International team has been busy working on the new Major Pipeline Systems of Canada map, which is now available for purchase in the Pipelines International online shop.

ith proposals for more than 14

major new or expanded oil and gas C pipeline projects, many currently MAJOR PIPELINE SYSTEMS OF CANADA W M in the hands of Canada’s National Energy Fort Good Hope The Major Pipeline Systems of Canada map provides an overview of existing major pipeline systems in Canada that are over 100km in length. The map includes the Norman Wells name, owner, product, approximate length and diameter of the pipeline. Y Board (NEB), it is clear that Canada’s pipeline YUKON TERRITORY Information used to collate this map was directly provided by companies, the

NUNAVUT National Energy Board (NEB) and the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). 7 Whitehorse Iqaluit Compiled and published by Great Southern Press Pty Ltd. Tel: +61 3 9248 5100 industry is booming. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES CM Ontario (16%) Product information and graphic design © Great Southern Press, 2014.

Fort Simpson Source map courtesy Map Resources. www.mapresources.com.au Pipelines added more than With this in mind, Pipelines International Yellowknife $US7.9 billion to Canada’s GDP in 2012. For additional copies of this poster and for advertising enquiries, email MY Alberta received just under half of this $US7.9 [email protected] Toad River benefit, followed by Saskatchewan and Summit Lake billion Old Fort Nelson has created the Major Pipeline Systems of Steen River Ontario. 21 Prophet River Trutch Rainbow Lake BRITISH COLUMBIA Sikanni Chief Saskatchewan (19%) CY NEWFOUNDLAND ALBERTA & Canada map, which provides a detailed 15 Alberta (45%) LABRADOR Attachie Notikewin

Dawson Creek Briar Ridge MANITOBA Pipelines sustained an Fort Mcmurray CMY overview of existing major pipeline systems Grande Prairie Anzac estimated 25,000 21 full-time equivalent Cinema Fox Creek Hondo CEPA members transport 97% of jobs and generated St. John's Vega 15 Canada’s daily natural gas and onshore Nestow SASKATCHEWAN about $US1.7 billion in 19 Devona crude oil production from producing in Canada that are over 100 km in length. Enterprise Fort Saskatchewan Edmonton 97% labour income in 2012. K Exeter Leduc regions to markets throughout Canada Mica Creek Saunders Camrose 5 QUEBEC 10 and the United States. Red Deer Hardisty Kamloops Bergen Rutland The map includes the name, owner, Vancouver Richmond ONTARIO Hope Calgary 2 8 Saskatoon Indus PRINCE Victoria Sovereign 11 EDWARD ISLAND Furman Tilley Duval Now available 4 Lethbridge Charlottetown product, approximate length and diameter Taber Swift Current Regina 4 Coral NEW BRUNSWICK Moose Jaw Arnes Edmundston Goldboro Moncton Bickerton West Avonlea 17 Auden 12 13 14 Truro 18 § Onefour 6 Platforms Deer Hudson Normetal Fredericton Brandon Winnipeg 4 Oromocto Domain Quebec Halifax Bromhead 9 Rouyn-Noranda 20 Saint John for purchase! LEGEND 1 Kirkland Lake 3 Grand Bay of each pipeline. NOVA Trois-Rivieres Victoriaville SCOTIA Cities 0-74,999 Thunder Bay Drummondville Laniel Cities 75,000-249,999 Lachute Montreal Cities 250,000-899,999 Information used to collate this map Ottawa Cities 900,000-2,999,999 16 § Walkways Kingston Province Capitals National Capital was directly provided by major pipeline Brampton Toronto KEY Hamilton NAME OWNER PRODUCT LENGTH DIAMETER London 1 Alberta Clipper (Line 67) * Enbridge Inc. Crude oil 1,068.85 km 36 inches 2 Alliance Pipeline * Enbridge Inc. Natural gas 1,550.75 km 36–42 inches operators, the NEB, and the Canadian Energy 3 Brunswick Pipeline Emera Brunswick Pipeline Company Natural gas 142.87 km 30 inch Pipelines by numbers 4 Canadian Mainline TransCanada Pipelines Natural gas 14101 km 36 inch § Pipe Racks 5 Cochin Pipeline System Kinder Morgan Propane and ethane-propane 995.25 km 12 inches 6 Deep Panuke Pipeline Encana Corporation Natural gas 175 km 1853 115,000 km 3 million 7 Enbridge Pipelines (NW) Inc. System Enbridge Inc. Crude oil 854.65 km 0 145 290 Miles Pipeline Association. 8 Enbridge Mainline * Enbridge Inc. Crude oil 2,306 km Canada’s Network of underground Barrels of crude oil 9 Enbridge Westspur Pipeline Enbridge Inc. Crude oil 175.34 km 12 inches pipeline energy transmission transported by transmission 10 Enbridge Southern Lights (Line 13) * Enbridge Inc. Crude oil 1240.94 km 20 inches 0 145 290 KM history pipelines that operate pipelines in Canada every 11 Express-Platte Pipeline System * Spectra Energy Crude oil 434.05 km 24 inch dates back every day transporting day — the equivalent of 200 Available in a range of sizes and finishes, 12 Foothills Pipeline System TransCanada Pipelines Natural gas 1,241 km 36–42 inches to this date oil and natural gas. Olympic-sized swimming pools § 13 Keystone Pipeline * TransCanada Pipelines Crude oil 1227.09 km 30–36 inches Structural Steel Pipe Supports 14 Martimes and Northeast Pipeline Spectra Energy (77.53%); Emera (12.92%); ExxonMobil Corporation (9.55%) Natural gas 574.88 km 30 inch 15 Nova Gas Transmission Pipeline System (NGTL) TransCanada Pipelines Natural gas 24,373 km 16 Ontario-Quebec Pipeline TransNorthern Pipeline Inc. Refined fuel products 850 km 830,000 km $US75 billion 97% the map is a useful visual aid for business 17 PTC Pipeline Spectra Energy Natural gas liquids 929.91 km Estimate of Canada’s The percentage of 18 Sable Offshore Energy Pipeline ExxonMobil Canada Properties Natural gas 416.7 km underground natural gas Value of Canadian crude oil Canadian natural gas 19 Trans Mountain Pipeline System Kinder Morgan Crude oil and refined products 1,141.98 km 24–36 inches and liquids pipeline network and natural gas exports in and crude oil production 20 TransQuebec and Maritimes Pipeline Mainline TransCanada Pipelines (50%), Gaz Metro (50%) Natural gas 572 km (gathering, transmission 2012 — most of which was transported by 21 Westcoast Pipeline System (B.C Pipeline) Spectra Energy Natural gas 2,900 km 24–42 inches and delivery lines) transported by pipeline transmission pipelines § planning and educational purposes, and will * Pipeline continues into United States of America. Embeds certainly liven up dull office walls! § Stairs, Ladders and Handrails GET A FREE COPY OF THE MAP AT IPC 2014 E-Z Line ® can fabricate p er your design drawing or custom Make sure you visit the Pipelines International booth at the International Pipeline Conference and Exposition (IPC 2014) in Calgary, Canada, to grab a free copy of the new Major Pipeline Systems of design to you r application. Structural Engineer on staff for Canada map, and say hello to the Pipelines International team. design and consultation.

CAN’T MAKE IT TO IPC 2014? The map is now available for purchase in the Pipelines International shop. The shop is also home to other essential industry resources that can be shared within your team and company to give you every business R advantage you need to achieve your goals and objectives. www.ezline.com WWW.PIPELINESINTERNATIONAL.COM/SHOP Email: [email protected]

§ § § 24 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 P.O. Box 767 Manvel, TX 77578 Phone: 713-675-6693 Fax: 713-947-0768 NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW

Acclaimed pipeline COMPLEX integrity training courses REGISTER NOW PIPELINE 1–5 December in Calgary 2014 INSPECTIONS. Western Calgary Hotel, During the first week of December 2014 at the Westin Calgary Hotel Alberta, Canada in Alberta, Canada, Clarion Technical Conferences and Tiratsoo SOLVED. Technical will hold five highly acclaimed pipeline training courses, aimed at providing you and your employees with up-to-date training www.clarion.org on all things pipeline from leading members of the industry.

he five renowned industry courses will Clarion Technical Conferences have cover the latest in pipeline inspection organised the schedule so that delegates PIPELINE INTEGRITY and maintenance, and are specifically can attend multiple courses during the one MANAGEMENT T 3–5 designed to facilitate regulatory compliance week to maximise knowledge while This course will provide and operational excellence. minimising the costs to the delegate and attendees with the latest DECEMBER Organisers Tiratsoo Technical (a division their company. techniques used to You’ve got a challenging pipeline with even more challenging of Great Southern Press) and Houston-based develop a comprehensive integrity management programme, covering both pipelines and their validation requirements. PIGGING AND IN-LINE INSPECTION associated facilities. The course is led by Designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of utility and Dr Alan Murray, who recently retired from the Quest Integrity Group’s proprietary, ultrasonic in-line inspection technology and in-line inspection pigging, this course is led by three of the most experienced 1–2 position of Chief Engineer at the Canadian independent experts in the field today: Dr Tom Bubenik, Vice President of DECEMBER National Energy Board and who is now a engineering assessment capabilities are structured to help you address the most complex Integrity Services at DNV GL; Jeff Fleming, Business Development Manager consulting engineer with Principia Consulting with Maxx North America Services Ltd; and George Williamson, Segment Engineering Technical in Calgary. and difficult-to-inspect pipeline challenges. When combined with our suite of integrity Authority – Inspection for the Upstream Global Projects group within BP. Eligible for 2.1 CEUs upon completion. management services, Quest Integrity delivers a truly integrated and powerful solution Eligible for 1.2 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) upon completion. for the onshore and offshore pipeline industry.

GEOHAZARD TM DEFECT ASSESSMENT IN PIPELINES MANAGEMENT FOR InVista intelligent in-line inspection capabilities for challenging pipelines: PIPELINE ENGINEERS 4–5 This course will cover methods available to assess the significance of defects • Provides 100% coverage of geometry and metal loss in a single pass DECEMBER detected in onshore and offshore pipelines. It will introduce simple analytical 1–3 This is an introduction methods used to assess internal and external corrosion, dents and gouges, DECEMBER to geohazard • Inspects dual-diameter and multi-diameter pipelines down to 3” (76mm) cracks (such as stress corrosion cracking), weld defects, and fatigue. The management for • Operates and inspects bi-directionally course is led by Dr Phil Hopkins, who has more than 30 years’ experience in non-geotechnical pipeline managers and pipeline engineering and is currently Technical Director with Penspen Integrity. regulators within the Canadian context, and • Navigates back-to-back 1D bends will be led by Moness Rizkalla, President of Visitless Integrity Assessment Ltd in Calgary, Eligible for 1.6 CEUs upon completion. • Navigates bore restrictions, step changes, reduced port valves and Dr Rodney S. Read, a practicing consulting engineer specialising in applied • Traverses bottom unbarred tees, wyes and mitre bends PIPELINE DEFECT ASSESSMENT CALCULATIONS WORKSHOP rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. • Operates in low flow conditions Following on from the Defect Assessment in Pipelines course taught by Dr Hopkins, this course takes those who want to apply all the methods 3–5 Eligible for 1.4 CEUs upon completion. covered in that course to the next level: the syllabus goes into greater depth DECEMBER Get the answers you need to effectively manage on the various defect assessment methodologies, and provides participants with hands-on practical experience performing calculations based on them. These courses fill up quickly, so don’t your most challenging pipelines. Cases and problems worked in class will be based on actual inspections of working pipeline miss out on this great opportunity to systems. The course addresses both traditional pipeline methodologies as well as recent learn from the industry’s best. innovations, including the API 579 Fitness-for-Service Standard. Visit www.clarion.org for more Eligible for 1.4 CEUs upon completion. information. www.QuestIntegrity.com

26 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 A TEAM Industrial Services Company NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW

The conference in session at PPIM 2014.

COMPOSITE LINEPIPE SOLUTIONS Attendees enjoying the exhibition.

20 15 MARRIOTT WESTCHASE HOTEL HOUSTON, TEXAS 9-12 FEBRUARY 2015 27th www.clarion.org YEAR February 9–12, 2015, Houston The Pipeline Pigging and Integrity Management Conference and Exhibition 2015, now in its 27th year, is set to be bigger and better than ever before, building on record crowds from the 2014 event.

aking place at the Marriott Westchase The event has a unique structure consisting Hotel, Houston, Texas from of training programmes, a detailed two-day T9–12 February 2015, the Pipeline Pigging conference, as well as a major exhibition that The exhibition hall is the Flexpipe Systems’ pipe products are corrosion-resistant, fl exible and Integrity Management Conference and allows the whole pigging industry to gather in and easy to install. Over 20,000 kilometers (65,000,000 feet) Exhibition (PPIM) is the industry’s only forum one place. This allows attendees to meet with place to meet and marvel at of linepipe and 100,000 fi ttings have been installed worldwide. devoted exclusively to pipeline pigging for some of the best in the industry and discuss the world’s top providers of maintenance and inspection, as well as issues and developments in the pigging Flexpipe Systems is modernizing pipelines. pipeline integrity assessment and repair. industry one-on-one. pigging. Bringing together engineering Learn more at fl expipesystems.com management and field-operating personnel Learn from industry heavyweights from both transmission and distribution The two-day conference programme will pipeline companies concerned with improved showcase papers ranging from new operations and integrity management, the technologies to case studies and industry conference will address all aspects of projects presented by leading professionals pipeline safety. and companies from around the world. CONTINUED ON PAGE 30 ››

ﬂ expipesystems.com 28 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014

SC_Flexpipe_RELIABLE_PIN-081314-2.indd 1 2014-08-14 2:52 PM NORTH AMERICA REGION REVIEW

The Mears team at PPIM 2014. Attendees enjoying the exhibition. Attendees doing business at the exhibition.

Make sure you don’t miss this opportunity to be amongst all the major pigging, ILI, and integrity management service providers in one place.

‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 28 PPIM APPOINTS PROGRAMME-ADVISORY COMMITTEE In order to ensure the highest-possible quality of papers are presented at the PPIM, Don’t miss the chance to sit down with industry the organisers have invited a panel of industry experts to assist in reviewing the experts and learn from the best, as well as contributions that are received. network with old friends and colleagues. The organisers of the event are very pleased that the following have agreed to join the Technical sessions will include: programme advisory committee, and the mix of experience and interest that they bring • Utility pigging – cleaning, sealing, will be a significant factor in ensuring that the best possible programme is developed for gauging; this significant conference, now in its 27th year. • In-line inspection (ILI); The members of the committee are: • Inspection intervals • Dr Thomas Bubenik, DNV GL, Dublin, OH, USA • Integrity assessment, including • Matt Hastings, Access Midstream, Oklahoma City, OK, USA assessment of defects detected by • Everett Johnson, Dow Chemical, Angleton, TX, USA inspection; • Jim Marr, TransCanada, Calgary, AB, Canada • Prioritisation of maintenance and repairs; • Roland Palmer-Jones, Penspen, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK • Mapping; • Steve Rapp, Spectra Energy, Houston, TX, USA • Jerry Rau, Panhandle Eastern, Houston, TX, USA • Geometry inspection; • Terry Shamblin, EQT, Pittsburgh, PA, USA • Leak detection; and, • Fred Williams, Shell, Rijswijk, Netherlands • Corrosion detection and monitoring, • George Williamson, BP, Houston, TX, USA including special threats such as cracking In common with the practice established by other leading pipeline industry events, the regulations. members of the programme advisory committee will have the responsibility of ensuring submissions are current, informative, and conform to the event’s guidelines about A jam-packed exhibition commercialisation and impartiality. A call for papers has now been published, responses The exhibition hall is the place to meet to which are required by 30 October at the latest. and marvel at the world’s top providers of Those interested in preparing a paper for the conference are asked to submit their pigging, ILI and integrity management abstracts online, using a manuscript management system. This will allow the panel services. The exhibition hall has already members to easily assess all incoming proposals, and will streamline the process of sold-out, with companies eager to be a part of preparing the conference programme. the biggest event on the pigging and integrity If you are interested in submitting a paper for consideration, management calendar. visit www.clarion.org/ppim/ppim15/Call-For-Papers for more information. Make sure you don’t miss this opportunity to meet all the major pigging, ILI, and The deadline for paper submissions is 30 October 2014. integrity management service providers in one place.

30 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 CCC_PIN_Sep14_FP.pdf 1 27/08/2014 4:15 pm

COATINGS Design and mode of operation for PART 1 advanced corrosion protection systems By Michael Schad, DENSO GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany

According to the World Corrosion Organisation, the global economy loses building structures amounting to roughly $US3.3 trillion every year due to corrosion damage. The average costs caused by corrosion are, in industrialised countries, approximately 3 per cent of the annual GDP, and increasing to five per cent GDP at peak times. However, by simply using existing technologies more effectively, an annual saving of up to $US900 billion is achievable. In the first of a two-part feature on corrosion protection systems, DENSO’S Michael Schad explains the variety of coating technologies available to industry.

econd to damage caused by third should be as simple as possible to apply, and parties, such as damage by excavation are forgiving with errors when used on Figure 1: The self-amalgamation Sequipment, corrosion damage to steel construction sites. While factory coatings are effect in three-ply tapes. underground pipelines is a significant burden made under almost ideal conditions in the to industry, and it must be an ongoing factory, field coatings must sometimes be primary objective to protect pipelines as applied under extremely difficult and best as possible against corrosion and changing local conditions on the C mechanical damage. construction site. The field coating systems must not have the same degree of mechanical M

Factory coatings resistance as the factory coatings, because Y Polyethylene coatings most of the sources of possible damage CM The use of polyethylene (PE) to coat steel during the transportation and storage of the pipes is today recognised as being state-of-the- pipes do not apply to them. MY art with advantages including: An investigation in 2009–10 undertaken CY • Chemical resistance, and therefore suited by the International Pipeline and Offshore If there is no amalgamation in the overlap area where pure two-ply tapes are used as a corrosion preventing CMY for all aggressive soils; Contractors Association (IPLOCA) re-search inner wrap, there is a danger of the formation of micro- K • High mechanical strength; and, group for innovative concepts in pipeline channels, resulting in spiral corrosion. • Significantly larger electrical resistance of construction determined that from leaving the coating, therefore lower protective the factory until the trenches were filled, the • Mechanical resistance in relation to current density pipes were moved up to 39 times and thus resistance against damage to the coating – had a correspondingly higher probability of shown through indentation resistance, How the demands on factory damage to the factory coating. impact resistance and tear resistance; coating have developed First and foremost, the task of field coating • Ageing resistance (shown through In the last 20 years, the demands on systems is to protect the steel from media and long-term experience on construction factory coating have significantly increased. external corrosive attacks. When laying the sites); This can be seen by comparing the pipeline and later during operation of the • Chemical resistance (aggressive soils, requirements from 1991 with those of 2010. pipeline, this coating material must also be electrolytes); The maximum usage temperature of today’s able to resist mechanical attacks caused by • No impairment to the active corrosion PE coatings is approximately 10°C higher than traffic loads and pipeline movements. Coupled protection; it was in 1991, and the required level of peel with the sometimes very different climatic and • Quality tested in accordance with the strength has quadrupled compared to 1991. other operating conditions, this produces a highest international standards such as EN, The requirements for the resistance to stress very diverse profile of properties which the DVGW, ISO etc.; and, cracking under the influence of wetting agents materials have to meet. • Quality tests of materials and application is new (environmental stress cracking The main demands on field coatings onsite are mandatory. resistance – ESCR test), as well as the include: oxidative-induction time as a measurement of • Easy and safe processing of the coating at Three-ply tape systems the thermal stabilisation of the material. construction sites; Since the introduction of co-extruded, • Mechanical resistance in terms of the three-ply tapes with self-amalgamating Field coatings connection of the coating material to the butyl-rubber layers in the 1970s, these plastic The biggest difference to factory coatings pipe surface – shown through peeling is the requirement that these materials values and sheer strength; CONTINUED ON PAGE 34 ››

32 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 COATINGS ‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 32 DOWNUNDER tape systems ensure long-term corrosion laminated tapes. With the spiral-winding of protection. Three-ply tapes have proven their three-ply tapes around the pipe, the butyl Figure 2: Two-ply tape with excellent technical qualities on countless adhesive layers move into the overlap, 2015 GOLD COAST a thick layer adhesive. construction sites across the globe over the creating a homogeneous, sleeve-like coating last 40 years. Where there are changing without any separating layer. Where the layers 8-11 September 2015 | Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre weather conditions or in cold or very windy do overlap, the molecules migrate from one climatic conditions, tape systems are the butyl-rubber layer to the other. After a preferred option, thanks to their wide maximum of five days, this amalgamation application range from -40˚C to +60˚C. process is complete. For this reason, at least JOIN US FOR THE BIGGEST EVENT IN AUSTRALASIA IN 2015 The oxygen and moisture ingress found in the inner layer of a corrosion protection Interested in exhibiting or sponsoring? Contact Tim Thompson on +61 3 9248 5100 or [email protected] two-ply tapes due to adhesive fatigue and the system should consist of a self-amalgamating, subsequent spiral corrosion does not occur co-extruded three-ply tape. TOPICS AND THEMES when three-ply tapes are used. Partially-sealed Due to the unique production technology Abstracts may be submitted on any topic relevant to the industry, including installation, rehabilitation, tape overlaps of two-layer tapes inevitably the delamination effect and risk of permeability replacement, inspection, and assessment of all underground infrastructure. lead to serious spiral corrosion damage. Most of the separating layer between the carrier foil Submit your of the little-known negative experiences with and the coating in the tape structure in the long Technical topics include: Non-technical topics include abstract before tapes are through the use of two-layer tapes tapes consists of a carrier film of stabilised PE term, as shown in Figure 1, is avoided. • New and emerging technologies • Industry skills shortage 3 February being used as corrosion protection as they do which is coated on both sides with a butyl- By using two-ply tapes for the inner wrap, • Whole-of-project case studies and training 2015 not have any self-amalgamating effect. This, as rubber layer. This carried film is produced in a the chances of spiral corrosion occurring on • Presentations featuring input from clients, owners or utilities • Contracting strategies well as the protection of the steel surface special co-extrusion technique, where a the steel substrate are significantly higher. • Difficult environments • Risk management without any cavities is due to an essential substantial and solid unit is ensured by the This effect can be avoided by using • Overcoming major project contraints/obstacles • Projected capital works by utilities characteristic of butyl-rubber. From a physical carrier and the coating material. There is co-extruded three-ply tape technology. • Industry reform point of view, butyl-rubber is more fluid than a therefore no delamination of the different • New issues in design and engineering • Land use grants and approvals solid substance. The design of the three-ply functional layers which can be seen on CONTINUED ON PAGE 36 ›› • Pipe materials • Local government and regional water authority projects • Quality assurance. • Tunnelling • Gas, communications and other non-water projects.

DEADLINES To submit your abstract, follow the instructions at 3 Feb 2015 – Abstracts deadline www.nodigdownunder.com/abstract_submit 2 March 2015 – Speakers notified Abstracts are to be: 1 May 2015 – Submit draft papers • In English • Relevant to the themes of the event 10 July 2015 – Speakers to submit final papers and speakers must register. • Accompanied with a biography on the presenter.

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COATINGS

‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 34

Shrinking materials EN 12068, comparable with petrolatum tapes. a polypropylene non-woven textile. The latest With high temperature requirements, The application of the manufacturer of these developments are high-temperature resistant current shear-resistant hot-melt adhesives materials to create a new class within petrolatum-based systems which are with a defined softening point above the ISO 21809-3 has not been approved by the mechanically very stable and are protected constant operating temperature are used. ISO technical examination board. by a moisture-curing polyurethane With the introduction of DIN EN 12068 in compound during the wrapping process. 1999, the possibility of higher temperature Petrolatum tapes classes was established for the first time. The Protection of pipelines started in the Thermosetting coatings maximum continuous operating temperature 1920s with the use of petrolatum tapes and For field coating with thermoset plastics is determined solely by the temperature at compounds. The invention of petrolatum (epoxy or polyurethane compounds), the same which the mechanical requirements can still coatings by DENSO GmbH Chemist Paul materials are often used for field coating as for technical be fully met. Schad was the first corrosion protection factory coating. Processing is done using airless The latest development in the system available on the market, and was the spraying techniques, and these coatings are standardisation field is ISO 21809-3. This starting point for future developments. In used worldwide for the renovation of coatings JOURNAL OF deals with shrink systems with PE or previous years, the pipes had no corrosion or for rehabilitation measures. polypropylene carrier fabrics, continuous protection at all, or simply a thin bitumen Particular characteristics include: operating temperatures up to 120°C (PE) or coating had been applied. Petrolatum-based • Approved for up to +80˚C of continuous 130˚C to 140˚C (PP). However, it should be systems still offer excellent corrosion operating temperature; noted that the process requires very high protection thanks to their soft consistency, • Used on components with a complex PIPELINE pre-warming temperatures for the steel and their ability to wet metal surfaces well. shape; and, surface in the cut-back area, which in turn Due to this softness, however, these materials • Well suited for applications with higher C ENGINEERING brings with it a higher technical effort, and are very susceptible to mechanical loads and mechanical loads (such as trenchless M the associated risk of damage to the adjacent to higher temperatures. laying). The application uses an airless, factory coating. Without the need for Today, petrolatum tapes are mainly used hot spray process at the construction site Y time-consuming inductive pre-warming of to protect irregularly shaped components or in the factory (coating thicknesses CM the pipe, the required temperatures of up to such as flanges or valves. The mechanical minimum 1,500 microns) or as a two- MY +190˚C cannot be guaranteed. stress can be significantly improved by the component coating compound which is use of a pipe-protection rock shield, based on applied by squeegee or spatula. CY

PE coatings CMY The ways to apply a PE coating in the K If you are a pipeline engineer, field are varied, and are technically complex Part two of this article will appear in the December 2014 edition of Pipelines International. The Journal of Pipeline Engineering in each case. is a vital tool that will keep you Possible procedures include: up-to-date on the latest technical • Flame spraying with PE or PP powder; For more information, contact Michael Schad at [email protected] or visit www.denso.de research around the world. • Injection moulding; and, • Wrapping and simultaneous welding of Digitally published four times a year, extruded belts. LITERATURE REFERENCES it stands alone as the premier technical These methods have been tried and Press release 21 April 2011 by DECHEMA e.V. about the World Corrosion Day on publication for the pipeline industry. tested on construction sites, but are complex 26 April 2011. As a peer-reviewed journal it provides due to their use of machinery and therefore Quast, M., 2004. Long term experiences with DENSOLEN –Tapes. 3 R international, quality information to keep you at the expensive to use. For this reason, the spread 43, 13, pp 69–72. forefront of industry developments. of these procedures has been very limited so Quast, M., 2006. Aspects of corrosion protective tape technology, 3 R international, 45, 1, pp 53–57 far across the globe. Subscription is just $US350 per year Heim, T, 2005. Entwicklung von Korrosionsschutz-Nachumhüllungsmaterialien für and also includes access to the Stahlrohre, 3R international, 44, 11, pp 625-633. Visco-elastic materials electronic archive. Competence Centre E.ON Ruhrgas AG, 2008. Corrosion protection of buried pipelines, Visco-elastic materials are characterised 2nd Edn, Vulkan Verlag, Essen. by good corrosion protection where the steel Visit the website to subscribe today. Ahlers, M., Brecht, M., and Schöneich, H.G., 2007. Long-term experiences with corrosion surface is well wetted, but due to their soft protection performance of field joint coatings, 3 R international, 46, 2, pp 549–553. consistency, they require additional Brecht, M., and Kocks, H.J., 2009. Entwicklung des passive Korrosionsschutzes von www.j-pipe-eng.com mechanical protection, which is provided in Stahlrohrleitungen, gwF Jubiläumsaus-gabe (anniversary edition), pp 15–29. the form of tapes, heat-shrinkable sleeves or NACE, 2002. Study together with the US Federal Highway Administration. Available at thermoset plastic systems. Visco-elastic www.nace.org materials may be categorised in terms of their IPLOCA, 2009. The road to success – onshore pipelines, Geneva, 1st Edn, September. material properties in the load class A 30 of

36 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 COATINGS COATINGS

Table 1: Typical physical properties of aluminium oxide Table 2: Typical chemical analysis Crystallography Alpha alumina, in a hexagonal crystal Al2O3 (by difference) 96.00 % Colour Brown TiO2 2.70 % Specific gravity 3.92 SiO2 0.70 % Knoop hardness 2050 100 Fe O 0.15 % Shape Blocky with sharp edges 2 3 CaO 0.15 % Grading (grain) ANSI B74. 12-2001 Bulk density (grain) ANSI B74.4-1992 (R2007) MgO 0.30 %

Table 2). The material is also hard and aluminium oxide manufacturer, and most company collects spent grit and uses it to relatively inexpensive; it is available in large-scale blasting operations systems produce fused aluminium oxide. This various hardnesses, although the ‘softer’ collect the spent grit for this purpose. closed-loop recycling process reduces grades are unsuitable for grit blasting as they US-based Washington Mills, has developed a disposal costs, liabilities and – the company can shatter and produce dust which is not 100 per cent closed-loop, waste-free, spent claims – makes its aluminium oxide a very only ineffective but is detrimental to the aluminium oxide grit recycling system. The attractive blasting material. coating process. An additional benefit offered by For additional information regarding the benefits of brown fused aluminium oxide, Improved coating adhesion aluminium oxide is that, unlike steel shot contact Washington Mills at +1 (800) 828 1666, email [email protected] or and other grit blasting materials, it can be visit www.washingtonmills.com with aluminium oxide reclaimed and recycled back to the

Pipeline coating technology is of considerable importance to the international industry, helping maintain DISPOSABLE TRANSMITTERS flow while extending the life of the pipeline. Properly applied coatings – both internal and external – • Up to 1,000 Hours of run time enable pipelines to operate efficiently under challenging conditions and environments. Continued • Continuous or Pulsed Signal • Buy for the price you would rent X-SD – $320 advances in coating technology are equally important, and industry is increasingly looking to aluminium • Fully sealed and U/L rated SD – $400 oxide for improved coating adhesion and performance. explosion proof • Lower financial liability of damaging transmitter MD – $500 urface preparation plays a vital role in Grit blasting is also the only method that can flash rust is left on the surface. In addition, • Maintenance free ensuring a coating’s performance. The completely remove all intact rust and steel shot loses its shape and ‘rounds-out’ Sobjective of surface preparation is to millscale, and produce an even roughness as it breaks down over time, leading to facilitate the adhesion of the coating, the level with a controlled anchor pattern. inconsistent characteristics on the surface. PORTABLE NON-INTRUSIVE PIG DETECTOR of adhesion of which determines whether the Most grit blasting users like to use a So if the profile is not constant throughout, • Capable of detecting both industry coating is just a thin film lying on the surface, working mix of grit sizes. This means that the adhesion of the coating may suffer as standard ELF (16Hz - 30Hz) or if it is able to offer effective protection by they seek a mix of different sized grits, a result. transmitters as well as magnets becoming part of the substrate. If the surface rather than one single grit size. Grit blasting with ultra-high noise immunity is not properly prepared, the coating cannot with different grit sizes maximises blasting A performance-enhancing • 100% Non-Intrusive be applied correctly, which will only cost more efficiencies, since different sizes have alternative • Portable time and money down the track once the different impacts on the surface profile. While traditional grit blasting media • High brightness LED’s equipment fails. The working mix used depends on the such as steel shot is commonly used, the (Visible in direct sunlight) specific profile that the user is looking to industry is also looking at alternative • Cost effective replacement to Mechanical Detectors Common surface preparation create – one user might want to create a materials, such as aluminium oxide, for RS-PIGSIG – $1,250 Grit blasting with coarse abrasive smoother profile, while another may want improved coating adhesion. Fused brown particles is a common method for surface to create a rougher profile. aluminium oxide is an abrasive material with DISTRIBUTORS WANTED preparation that requires both an anchor Steel shot is a long-lasting abrasive, excellent abrasion properties, as well as high Email: [email protected] pattern on the pipe’s surface and a high and is commonly used in surface finishing, corrosion and chemical resistance (see Table Tel: 281-351-2749 degree of surface cleanliness. Correct surface but it does have some disadvantages. 1). It is typically available in macro grit sizes Fax: 281-351-4658 preparation by grit blasting increases the Among these is the fact that it can produce ranging from 12–240 grit. As it is low in iron, Toll-free: 800-578-7436 roughness of the surface as well as the flash rust, particularly in moist conditions, it leaves no rust on the surface which could www.pigsunlimited.com coating’s subsequent adhesion strength. and this can cause the coating to fail if the cause potential problems in the future (see

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their assets, including not only pipelines but also, for example, tanks and storage facilities, as well as other structures and pressure vessels inside and outside the fence.

Our diagnostic capabilities are not limited The ROSEN high resolution Magnetic Flux Leakage Tool for metal loss inspection. to the oil and gas industry either. We also serve the steel industry, as well as the railroad industry, with products and services in the use of their pipeline assets. This implies public acceptance also worries me. Why are so field of automated non-destructive testing. ensuring safety and compliance, extending many so critical of our industry, and yet Our company has the highest research the lifetime of the asset, and ensuring best pipelines provide the most efficient and safest Preparing the tool to be inserted into the launcher at the and development expenditure within our possible performance. Within that context, I way of transporting large quantities of gas, oil start of each pipeline in Portovaya, Russia. particular industry, and we are committed am also alarmed by an apparent lack of and related products? I think there is a great to extending our leadership in ILI services research and development investment in our need for communication and training for all through technology and service quality. industry, especially considering future the players in our industry. This commitment also includes the field of challenges in the field of inspection. Just think ‘challenging’ pipelines, and inspection and about pipelines in harsh environments, deep Why is it so important that integrity-related work for the offshore sector. offshore, or the Arctic, for instance. My other pipeline owners and operators concern relates to what I call the ‘silver maintain the integrity of their What do you believe are the tsunami’ in our industry. The average age is pipelines? In conversation with Friedrich Hecker challenges for the pipeline very high, and a lot of the experienced The integrity of a given pipeline – or let me industry now and in the future? engineers and technicians are close to call it an asset – is of critical importance. It I am concerned with the issues relating to retirement. How can we fill that gap, how can ensures safety, protection of the environment In January 2013, Rosen Group welcomed the appointment of Friedrich Hecker as Chief Executive Officer. globally ageing pipeline infrastructure, and we attract young, clever people to our and regulatory compliance, as well as the Approaching two years in the role, Pipelines International spoke with Mr Hecker about his vision to take the provision of products and services to industry? And likewise, the image that the Rosen to the next growth level, and about the company’s role within the international pipeline industry ensure that our customers can optimise the pipeline industry seems to have in terms of CONTINUED ON PAGE 42 ›› more broadly, both now and into the future.

How long have you been working very gratifying, because one is invariably in the pipeline industry, and what involved in all aspects of the business, from led you to work in the industry? the broad strategic view – let me call it a I joined the testing, inspection, and ‘helicopter’ perspective – all the way to the certification (TIC) industry some 15 years ago, real details of daily decision making. I find which also covers pipelines. For the last ten this exciting, and I enjoy it. years, my work has focused more and more on the oil and gas industry, and particularly on What has been the best – or most pipeline integrity and the associated pipeline challenging/rewarding – project inspection and diagnostics activities. that you have been involved with? I really believe this is a very exciting and I am currently involved in a very interesting industry to work in. Safe challenging and potentially very rewarding transportation of oil and gas is of critical project. Rosen is a technology-driven company importance. Our industry is growing steadily, which has grown successfully over three and its challenges are equally growing steadily, decades, starting with a very strong focus on requiring long-term strategic answers. As the inspection utilising automated non-destructive Rosen CEO Friedrich Hecker. CEO of a leading service provider to the testing technologies for the pipeline industry – industry, I find this of great interest. Apart from or as we call it, diagnostics. incorporating all our diagnostic services; that, I like the people that work in our industry. Over the years the portfolio of services and intelligent plastics built around Rosen’s products has widened, covering, on the one polyurethane business; and process control, What projects have you been side, more of the asset integrity management our youngest business segment. involved with throughout your value chain for the oil and gas industry, but career, and in what capacity? also extending into other industries. It is very What are Rosen’s main focuses at I have worked on a multitude of projects, exciting for me to be at Rosen at this time, and the moment, and what do you see all of which would be difficult to list here. I have the opportunity to work closely with in the year ahead for Rosen? have worked at board level for large globally- Hermann Rosen, the founder and owner of Our focus is very straightforward and has operating companies in the TIC industry, the company. Currently my biggest ‘project’, a long-term perspective: we want to provide namely SGS and TU'' V Rheinland – for the and a truly exciting one, is to take Rosen to the full scope of products and services our latter company I served as CEO. These the next growth level with our three business customers need in order to ensure the safety, positions were extremely demanding but also segments: asset integrity management regulatory compliance and performance of

40 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 41 INTERVIEW INTERVIEW

‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 41 efficiency and effective use of a given system. issues or challenges, and the answers or What is your advice to new people Society is developing a zero tolerance solutions they develop. I am not saying that starting out in the pipeline industry? regarding failures, and in some countries, solutions are out there that can be simply Well, first of all I would say that they have people seem to be technology averse. copied, one-to-one, but there are a lot of good, made a good decision to join our industry – it I fully agree and support the importance of innovative ideas which can help to trigger is the right industry to be in. Learn from the all health, safety and environment aspects. ideas within our industry. experienced colleagues in the industry, while Technical components, in our case pipelines, ‘Big data’, or ‘smart data’ as we say, would also being open to new ideas and thoughts, must be safe, and it is our duty to protect the be an example. Are we making the best use of which will ensure you keep up with environment, especially for future generations. data available from a variety of sources for technological developments and processes. But on the other hand, I do see a need for those assets with which we are involved? We Also, try and understand the wider picture – ‘technical’ people – engineers and scientists – should also look at technical developments in complexity is increasing, and there is always to get involved with communicating the the power industry, as well as the aerospace an acute danger of getting lost in detail, so try advantages and added value of scientific and and manufacturing industries. Industry 4.0 is to take a holistic view. technological advancement. a big buzzword in Germany now, referring to So, for exactly those reasons, isn’t it an automated intelligent production and exciting environment and industry to be in! Where do you see the next new fabrication systems, interlinked and self- industry developments and monitoring. I am sure there is something to be What are your interests outside of technology coming from? learnt. Our industry must itself be innovative, the integrity-solutions industry? I believe very strongly that industries and that translates into research and Spending time with my family, which is should and can learn from each other. It is in development expenditure. Currently, our not easy because my job requires a lot of travel the best interest of our industry to observe industry is spending far less than others, and and being away from home. I also really enjoy how other industries are approaching certain this will have consequences in the future. mountain biking and hunting. The European gas pipeline system, and Nord Stream in yellow. Nord Stream’s technical mastermind Dr Sergey G. Serdyukov is the Technical Director at Nord Stream AG, the Swiss-based international THE NEXT consortium of five major companies established in 2005 for the planning, construction and subsequent operation of two 1,224 km natural gas pipelines through the Baltic Sea. Having spent his whole GENERATION professional life in the pipeline and gas industry, Pipelines International finds out more about Dr Serdyukov and his 38 years of experience.

OF WIRELESS fter graduating with an engineering stations and an annual capacity of 670 Bcf, degree, specialising in automation and is still in operation to this day.” Aand telemechanics, from the Dr Serdyukov also worked on several other DOWNHOLE Polytechnic Institute in Novocherkassk, gas pipeline projects, including: Urengoy Russia, Dr Serdyukov was offered several –Uzhgorod, Urengoy – Center 1 and Center 2, coveted positions at Gazprom from which to Yamburg–Povolzhye, Yamburg–Tula 1 and Tula launch his career. He settled for one of 2, and the Yamburg–Western border of the GAUGES Gazprom’s affiliates – Uraltransgaz – where USSR. All of these are major gas pipelines each he started in September 1976. with 1.06 Tcf of capacity, delivering gas from gas AD250 SYSTEM “As a young specialist, it was a very deposits in the north of Russia to consumers in interesting and prestigious job for me the centre and south of Russia, as well as to Acoustic’s AD250 system is the world’s most – Uraltransgaz was responsible for the European consumers. Dr Serdyukov was also in advanced acoustic telemetry solution for monitoring wellbore pressure in oil & gas wells construction and operation of the gas pipeline charge of the construction of the 151 km in real time. The AD250 eliminates the need for systems in the Urals, a mountain range in Leningrad–Vyborg– State Border gas pipeline costly wireline pressure surveys, out-performs Western Russia,” Dr Serdyukov explains. for gas delivery to Finland, and in 2004–06 cabled permanent downhole gauges, signiﬁ cantly “I had the opportunity to participate in he was responsible for the construction of a reduces well completion cost and improves the construction of many gas pipelines and 540 km section of the Yamal–Europe gas workover safety and data acquisition. The AD250 acousticdata.com | [email protected] quite a few compressor stations. My first pipeline through Belarus, which delivers gas system is ideal for ESP, PCP, SRP, Jet pump, | MEET US AT STAND 61 AT SPE APOGCE project was the Dombarovka–Orenburg from Russia via Belarus and Poland to Germany. Gas Lift, free-ﬂ ow or observation wells. IN ADELAIDE 14-16 OCTOBER pipeline in 1976. This was a 400 km, 47.2 inch Nord Stream AG Technical Director Dr Sergey G. diameter gas pipeline with two compressor CONTINUED ON PAGE 44 ›› Serdyukov.

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technology was adapted to our specific needs: the magnets were strong enough to magnetise and analyse pipe segments of up to 1.6 inch thickness.”

Next steps for Nord Stream After the completion of construction activities in 2013, Nord Stream was transformed from a design and construction company into The end of the offshore part of Line 1 of the Nord Stream an operating company. Nord Stream is now Pipeline being prepared for the final weld onto the responsible for the management and onshore section in Lubmin, Germany. The arrival of the inspection tool in Lubmin, Germany. The arrival of the inspection tool in Lubmin, Germany. maintenance of the Nord Stream Pipeline on a safe, reliable and economic basis. ‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 43 Nord Stream is responsible for the transport of gas from the entry point of the Dr Serdyukov’s most challenging and repairs for 50 years – new types of steel, new “These developments are in part the result measures covering the automation systems and “It can also be expected that buried gas pipelines in Russia to the exit point in rewarding project yet, however, came in 2006, types of insulation, internal anti-friction of a long-term vision and good co-operation landfall installations, as well as the 1,224 km pipelines will be completely concrete-coated, Germany. This entails the day-to-day technical when he was appointed Technical Director of coating, and super reliable welding have all between gas suppliers and European utilities. offshore section of the twin pipeline itself. which would be a technology from offshore operation and commercial handling of gas the Nord Steam pipeline project. been developed – all of which play a But they also reflect a positive investment “To guarantee the reliability, availability construction being applied onshore. transport (dispatching), the maintenance of Nord Stream is a state-of-the-art pipeline substantial role in pipeline reliability. climate in recent years and, most importantly, and safety of our gas transportation system, “And finally, LNG technology will be all technical systems involved, continued system comprising two 1,224 km, 48 inch “But the main thing is that the thinking the understanding among the regulators and we regularly perform an extensive set of further developed, and it will be used more liaison with permitting authorities in the diameter twin pipelines that cross the Baltic during the planning and construction phases of the European governments that natural gas maintenance activities: equipment tests, and more for deliveries of hydrocarbons. LNG countries through whose waters Nord Stream Sea from Vyborg in Russia to Lubmin in new gas pipelines has changed: better safety has an important role to play in climate simulations, and inspections of the exterior will come to those communities in Europe passes, as well as the fulfilment of Germany, without any intermediate can now be factored in on the basis of new protection, as it has by far the least CO and interior of the pipelines. where it is impossible, impractical, or 2 environmental management obligations and compressor stations. technologies, know-how and track-record.” emissions of any fossil fuel, and can play an “We completed the first cycle of internal inappropriate to construct pipelines.” relevant technical standards in all the “The Nord Stream project has certainly important part in complementing renewable inspections last year, and these confirmed He does expect, however, that depending permitting countries. become a highlight in my career, both because Challenges for European gas but intermittent sources of energy. that there were no signs of corrosion or on the investment climate and economic With so much already achieved in the past of its technical challenges and its importance supply “The challenge in future will be to mechanical defects in the lines. We will be considerations, some future pipeline projects twelve months, Dr Serdyukov emphasises the in terms of the security of supply. I find it very Dr Serdyukov believes the European gas keep up this momentum and focus. With able to compare future results from pigging may not materialise as planned – or at least importance of a continued focus for Nord rewarding to be able to tell my grandchildren industry maintains a very high level of political tensions overshadowing the fruits with the baseline results which we recorded later than planned. Stream’s ongoing commitments. that I helped to construct such a major energy technological sophistication, specialists and of over 40 years of co-operation, it is easy last year, and this will enable us to detect “This would have significant implications: “With regards to our environmental artery which will still be around for their kids reliability, which will be an important basis to forget that.” even minimal changes in the position or existing infrastructure may need to be kept commitments, in the next few years we will to rely on,” says Dr Serdyukov. for energy supply to European industry and condition of the lines. This will allow us to operational for years to come, which would continue working closely with authorities “Nord Stream was based on the collective consumers over the next 40–50 years. Nord Stream’s ongoing focus on take counter measures, if required, at an mean long-term operability and availability and researchers in monitoring the recovery technical experience and know-how of our “Due to the fact that state regulation of integrity early stage.” becoming the key considerations,” says of the Baltic Sea environment where we laid own team and of our engineering contractors. the European gas industry has increased, With the planning and construction of Dr Serdyukov. the pipeline. Earlier this year we launched We gave it not only our knowledge, but also it is important that the competence of the Nord Stream gas pipeline system Continued innovation “This brings integrity management into the Data and Information Fund, which will quite a large piece of our heart, our passion, regulators is also maintained to a high level,” completed, ongoing monitoring of every developments for future industry focus – inspection technology will help with be an important resource for many and our commitment.” says Dr Serdyukov. aspect of the system will be thorough, and a Dr Serdyukov is optimistic about the ever-increasing sophistication to monitor environmental projects within HELCOM’s With regard to gas supply, Dr Serdyukov precise operation plan for each year of the future development of industry technologies. the condition of pipeline infrastructure, Baltic Sea Action Plan. The industry then and now believes Europe is currently in a good 50-year operational life of this pipeline “I assume that it will be possible to increase producing larger amounts of more precise data “We will maintain this database along “There have been tremendous changes in position. With storage levels high, and with system is in place. the operating pressure of buried pipelines to that leads to better long-term manageability of with the environmental monitoring and survey the gas industry during my 38-year career,” new diversified transport infrastructure like “We realise very clearly how important this 180 bar, allowing the upgrade of old corridors, pipeline integrity. data along the pipeline corridor for scientific Dr Serdyukov continues, “most of all with the Nord Stream Pipeline, he believes that gas pipeline is for European consumers. Nord which could increase throughput two-fold,” “At Nord Stream, with our internal purposes until 2021. regard to the technologies and materials used. Europe’s security of supply is higher than Stream is the only direct route for delivering he says. inspection last year, we set a new record for “Our priority task was and remains to But one thing has hardly changed at all – the ever before. natural gas from the Russian deposits to the Another development Dr Serdyukov the longest pipeline to be inspected in one ensure safe, reliable, and efficient people devoted to their profession. “At the same time, multiple other European markets,” notes Dr Serdyukov. expects is the further improvement of the run – 1,224 km – and the most data recorded. deliveries of natural gas to Gazprom’s “The industry is really close to being able to infrastructure projects are underway to “To preserve the asset for its minimum application technology for anti-friction The inspection tool brought back over a partners in the EU. We will thoroughly monitor construct pipeline systems which can be further improve the supply side, particularly operational life of 50 years, Nord Stream has coating, which will further increase the trillion data samples recorded by the sensors and control the pipeline as well as everything operated without requiring any major service or in the Southern corridor. designed a number of integrity management efficiency of gas pipeline operation. over ten days. At the same time, the that happens in close proximity to it.”

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pipeline will move 170 Mbbl/d from the Syzran connected to natural gas pipeline grids for Austria (OMV). This pipeline is forecast to refinery in Russia to Novorossiysk, where the export to other countries within Europe. carry 63 Bcm/a, approximately 15 per cent of product will then be moved by tankers to Pipeline construction in Russia will move the total EU gas demand. If used, this Europe. The Antwerp to Maasvlakte pipeline incremental gas into Europe through the pipeline will increase Europe’s dependence will move products from Belgium to Rotterdam. South Stream gas pipeline that bypasses the on Russian gas supplies, but will reduce the Projects associated with the movement of Ukraine and goes through Bulgaria, delivering risk of future supply disruptions as the route natural gas will dominate the European gas to central and southern Europe and into circumvents the Ukraine. pipeline landscape. Natural gas is increasingly Germany via the Nord Stream extension. While this pipeline makes sense important to Europe’s energy mix, as it is the The Southern Gas Corridor Project moves economically, it is now not politically viable most environmentally-friendly fossil fuel, new gas production from Azerbaijan through to the EU. Accomplishing international and will also replace nuclear energy for several pipelines and countries into Europe. co-operation and co-ordinating upstream and power generation, especially in Germany. Pipelines in the Southern Gas Corridor include midstream activities poses unique Additionally, European natural gas production the expansion of the South Caucasus Pipeline challenges. The Southern Gas Corridor is forecast to be below current levels, (SCPX), the Trans Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP), Project was developed after Russia increasing dependence on imports. and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). suspended gas supply to the Ukraine in 2006 Reducing dependence on Russian gas to transport natural gas from the resource- A route map of the Southern Gas Corridor Project, 2014. Image courtesy of Trans Adriatic Pipeline AG, 2014. Pipelines in the Southern Gas Corridor are supplies is challenging considering the energy strategic for Europe as they provide an rich Caspian countries to Europe, reducing needs of different countries within Europe. alternative gas supply to Russia. New gas dependence on Russian gas supplies. The requirements for incremental and diverse production from the Shah Deniz field in The development of gas reserves in the Relying on Russia: an overview of the natural gas supplies will result in a boom in Azerbaijan will be transported through the Shah Deniz field in Azerbaijan provides an natural gas pipeline activities within Europe SCPX, TANAP, and TAP. The SCPX starts in opportunity to replace Russian gas supplies. and neighbouring countries. Azerbaijan and flows through Georgia to the Pipelines now have to be constructed through Turkish border; the TANAP extends from the different countries by different companies. existing European pipeline industry Turkish border to Greece; and then the TAP All necessary financing and construction Pipelines additions in Europe 2015–20 begins in Greece and transports gas from the work has to be closely co-ordinated to ensure By Carmine Rositano, Downstream Oil and Gas Managing Analyst, GlobalData, London, UK Country km TANAP through Albania and into Italy. The field production is moved to the end TANAP and TAP are scheduled to commence consumer. Co-ordinating activities between Georgia 6,539 operation in 2018 and 2019, respectively. state and private companies in Azerbaijan, With an ongoing political crisis unfolding between Russia and Ukraine, governments and industry in Greece 3,590 Georgia, Turkey, Greece, Albania, and Italy, Europe are looking at the potential impact of a disruption to the transportation of Russian gas to Europe Russia* 3,400 Challenges for Europe’s pipeline each with different commercial and tax laws, via Ukraine. Here, GlobalData’s Carmine Rositano provides a current snapshot of the European pipeline Poland 4,118 industry environmental regulations, languages, and industry, and a look at the future of the European industry in line with projects coming on-line by 2020. Bulgaria 1,965 Pipeline projects between Russia and political agendas, makes it a challenge to France 1,643 Europe have always been a source of ensure these projects are developed on time controversy, especially since the break up of and on budget. Italy 1,055 ithout an abundance of gas into Europe, contrasted with Europe’s Russia, with gas flows through the Ukraine Pipeline construction activities will be Existing pipeline lengths hydrocarbons, Europe depends on desire to reduce its dependence on Russian UK 647 occasionally being cut off from Europe. heavily biased towards natural gas activities. Woil and natural gas imports to meet Pipeline length – (km) energy supplies. Germany 303 The EU has now suspended the approval Large multi-year, multi-country, and its energy demands. Scandinavia 1,205 process for the South Stream gas pipeline multi-billion dollar projects are underway Europe Crude oil pipelines transport over Russia Europe Future pipeline activities to 2020 and Russia Other 3,145 and is pressuring member states to cease to supply Europe’s growing natural gas 1 MMbbl/d into Europe, principally from Crude Lower oil demand and additional refinery pipeline construction. Concurrently, the EU is demand with supplies from Russia and 85,593 60,739 24,854 TOTAL 27,610 Russia’s Druzhba Pipeline, and other crude oil product closures in Europe have resulted in minimal pushing for pipeline projects to import gas Azerbaijan. However, Russia will continue pipelines are designed predominantly for 39,860 17,456 22,404 infrastructure projects for crude oil and * includes only pipeline additions in Europe from Azerbaijan. to be the major supplier of natural gas into intra-country flows, moving crude oil to refined products. The only key planned crude Achieving a consensus between Europe, especially since it can now bypass TOTAL 125,453 78,195 47,258 refineries. Product pipelines are also primarily oil project is the Pan European Oil Pipeline European countries on energy supply matters Ukraine, and the Caspian Sea area will for intra-country movements, transporting Natural gas 399,873 183,587 216,286 (PEOP) that will be constructed to transport It is forecast that there will be is difficult. Even with the EU suspension of emerge as a key supplier of natural gas, product from refineries to consumers. Caspian area production to western Europe, approximately 27,610 km of natural gas the South Stream project, Italy, Austria, competing with Russia. TOTAL 525,326 261,782 263,544 However, there are inter-country pipelines that with a route from Romania through Serbia, pipeline construction in Europe during Croatia, and Germany continue to favour this move product from the Netherlands and Croatia, and Slovenia into Italy. It is likely 2015–20, and 71 per cent of all pipeline pipeline as it bypasses the Ukraine GlobalData’s report Annual Global Belgium into Germany, as well as product Russia’s supply to Europe that incremental Caspian area production construction will take place in five countries: (approximately 50 per cent of Russian gas pipelines that transport Russian ultra-low- In 2013, Russia supplied about 30 per cent into Europe will displace Russian and Planned Pipelines Outlook – Enhancing Georgia (24 per cent), Poland (15 per cent), exports to Europe transit Ukraine). Export Opportunities, Addressing sulphur diesel into Europe. of Europe’s natural gas demand. It is African imports, which would then be Greece (13 per cent), Russia (12 per cent) and Austria recently approved the Energy Security Concerns and The majority of pipelines in Europe are for impossible to discuss Europe’s pipeline re-assigned to Asia. Bulgaria (7 per cent). Georgia, Greece, and construction of the South Stream pipeline Providing Alternative Supply Sources intra-country natural gas movements, taking plans and the challenges associated with There are two major key planned product Bulgaria are primarily transit country routes, within its borders. Besides Gazprom, the key is available for purchase on its website imported and local supplies of natural gas at building new pipelines without considering pipelines that will be built during the moving gas from Russia and Azerbaijan to players in this project are from Italy (ENI), at www.store.globaldata.com their borders to the ultimate consumers. Russia’s plans to bring increasing volumes of 2014–20 period. The Syzran – Novorossiysk Europe. This gas is then sold internally or is Germany (Wintershall), France (EDF), and

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95 per cent confidence, and established advanced algorithms prior to a re-inspection a total of 1,720 km of live natural gas relevant sizing accuracy for all defect classes. five to ten years after initial inspection. This pipelines prior to market launch. Precision through Immediately following the POD test, the will allow true comparison of all data sets Halfwave has already received great same tool was also tested in water to confirm one-to-one, and allow establishment of interest in the technology, and orders are assumptions that the technology also has accurate corrosion growth estimates. building up based on early movers into the excellent performance in a liquid environment The technology currently has a tool speed new technology. This is very positive, and sound for pipeline inspection which can be further developed for various range from 0–3 m/s with performance to full ensures the continued growth and advances in applications. Combined with its high specification within this speed category. inspection technology, which is one of the key By Jan Ove Toskedal, Pipeline Inspection Manager, Halfwave AS, Bergen, Norway capability to penetrate coatings due to the Higher speeds only reduce the axial sampling elements for continued safe operation of the relative low frequencies used, the technology rate, but maintain data collection up to 6 m/s world’s pipeline assets. For decades the oil and gas industry has been searching for alternative methods for the inspection of is seen as having clear potential across without effect on measurement quality. The The overall development programme has natural gas pipelines. Since 2006, there has been an ongoing development to meet this challenge, markets and applications. combination of active speed control, light been run according to recognised standards Over and above the ability to perform weight, and low pipe wall friction, means an for technology development and technology culminating with final qualification of the new ART Scan solution, which was introduced to the market at inspections of natural gas pipelines with end to the days of reducing flow speed during qualifications, and the team that has been the 2014 Pipeline Pigging and Integrity Management Exhibition in Houston, USA. unprecedented precision, the tool is capable of ILI. The ART Scan tool practically has no wall behind this development since the early 1990s measuring multiple data sets in a single run. thickness limitation and full resolution is – and intensively focused on ART Scan since Along with wall thickness data including HAZ maintained. Wall thicknesses have only been 2006 – should be commended for its efforts. he initial development has produced and bends, the tool also provides IMU data accurately mapped up to 3.4 inches. The team has truly delivered a fantastic tools covering a range of 28–42 inch and internal wall mapping in a single tool run. The ART Scan tool has some truly development, and overcome several diameter pipelines, and the next step is T The tool stores full raw-signal data from remarkable features and capabilities which technological hurdles along the way to allow to introduce 16–28 inch capability in early each sensor for post-processing. The benefits are now available to the market after running introduction of the technology to the market. 2015, with further downsizing of the of storing complete raw-signal data is that technology expected to be available to the with future advances in processing and with market during 2015. increased feature databases available, it will The new patented Acoustic Resonance For more information on Halfwave’s ART Scan technology, visit www.halfwave.com be possible to reprocess the data with more Technology (ART) ILI technique provides the ability to perform high-resolution direct measurement in a natural gas environment using the pressurised natural gas as an ultrasonic coupling medium. Due to the detection capability, accuracy, and repeatability in the measurements, it can be used a basis for reliable integrity decisions The ART Scan ready for launch. by pipeline owners and operators. The initial development was performed pipelines. The initial operational base is The tool performed its commissioning by DNV at the start of the 1990s, but the being setup in Bergen, Norway, with further run in 2012 in a 340 km natural gas pipeline, breakthrough into the ILI market came from bases planned to meet global demand. before entering the final stage of the a strategic development between DNV and The development started with testing of development where four qualification runs the Norwegian gas pipeline infrastructure an unproven idea. This required sensor and were performed in two individual pipelines operator, Gassco, who recognised the need electronics development to perform with two runs being performed in each for new and reliable ILI technology. laboratory testing in a live natural gas pipeline. The lengths of the pipelines were The key goal of the venture was to develop environment. The development of algorithms 20 km and 620 km. The conclusion of the a tool that provided information that reduced required for data processing and analyses qualification runs was the delivery of four operational risk while increasing confidence started here, and have since been further individual ILI reports compliant with in integrity programmes. Once prototype developed to ensure automated analysis of industry standards. development was performed and the tool the data collected by the ART Scan Tool. After the qualification runs were commissioned, there was a need for additional The good results immediately triggered a performed, a comprehensive industry funding to commercialise and bring the development of a three-channel prototype. The standard probability of detection (POD) test technology to the market. To facilitate the prototype was run a total of seven times in a was performed, documenting final commercialisation, the ART team and assets 20 km pipeline in 2010. The runs were performed verification of inspection performance, were spun out of DNV with the introduction of on multiple carriers, and showed good repeatability and accuracy. capital from Energy ventures and later repeatability and robustness of the technology. The POD testing was performed in a Chevron ventures to form Halfwave. The next step was to develop the current live natural gas atmosphere. The 30 inch Since the second quarter of 2013, the tool with 192 sensors, a 1,300 km inspection diameter, 1 inch wall thickness test pipe had operational group within the company has range, IMU, accelerometers, pressure and a total of 185 internal and external features been under development, and is now ready to temperature gauging, odometers, and pig representing all defect classes with various serve the market and provide clients with a tracking. In short, everything you would depths and geometry. The testing confirmed new alternative for inspection of natural gas expect from a state-of-the-art ILI tool. the tool specification with 90 per cent POD at

48 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 49 INDUSTRY NEWS INDUSTRY NEWS Fibreglass pipelines to enable Integrity for social licence

The integrity of assets is critical to developing the social licence to operate existing infrastructure and efficient and economic onsite build gain approval for new projects. Now, stakeholders are increasingly demanding proof of methods used to ensure the safe operation of a pipeline. WNR Systems has produced what it describes as a revolutionary patented system that can produce continuous pipelines onsite efficiently, economically and at an unrivalled pace, signifying the future of “ o build confidence with stakeholders ground, and consider the entire lifecycle of the information is shared, and the best solutions fibreglass pipelines. and communities, you have to pipeline from conception to abandonment. are implemented. Tdemonstrate that you have the The industry has an opportunity to take “As an industry, we are continually ith the increased development of hydraulic power and pump sizing. In addition, right people doing the right things,” pipeline-integrity management to an even learning from past incidents, but now we have and exploration for oil and gas shut-off stations, inspection openings, explains Stantec Director of Pipeline more refined level. Of the major threats to the chance to really make pipeline integrity a Wworldwide, the supply of pipelines T-sections and bends may be introduced at Integrity Dennis Zadery. pipeline reliability, areas such as corrosion, more systematic and collaborative effort that and the importance of their quality and any stage of the production. For instance, a “Technology changes, and the average cracking, mechanical damage, and the public can have confidence in, similar to endurance has also increased. The many 1.5 m diameter pipeline can follow the contour person may not know the details of geotechnical hazards are being more closely the airline industry,” continues Mr Zadery. benefits of using fibreglass for pipelines are of a 22 m radius. inspection and corrosion mitigation – but if integrated to look at the combined causes “This will require transparency in becoming a significant factor as the preferred The system can be engineered for oil and you clearly demonstrate that you have a team and effects. reporting causes of incidents, as well as system for production. gas pipelines to withstand any required of experienced professionals with proven All have their own nuances and require clearly demonstrating what processes are The game-changing fibreglass WNR pressure and temperature. WNR also has the tools, you can start building that trust.” specialised expertise, but Mr Zadery says that being used and how these processes are system will produce continuous pipelines advantage of working vertically over a Over the last ten years, pipeline integrity bringing them all together into one keeping communities safe and energy flowing without joints, meaning no leaking, no borehole where a continuous no-join pipeline specialists have become highly engaged in the assessment is the best way to make sure every day.” welding, no requirement to align flanges, and can be manufactured onsite and sent directly design process, in addition to maintenance no ongoing corrosion at the joints. A WNR into the bore to an indefinite depth. WNR Systems can produce continuous pipe of programmes. These teams can now mitigate For more information about Stantec’s pipeline integrity services, visit www.stantec.com Systems pipeline would also not need the Together with a team of engineers and any diameter. threats before a pipeline project even breaks extra space required for joining the pipes, with chemists, the system has been designed to excavation contractors able to cut a trench to incorporate a chemical formulation with a risk of lightning strikes, bush fires or the absolute pipe diameter, again resulting in rapid cure of two minutes resulting in electrocution from fallen power lines. great savings, especially when cutting through immediate structural integrity. Protective The WNR system has been fully tested by rock or hard substrate. applications could be simultaneously applied STS in accordance with the Australian, New In fact, the Environmental Protection to protect the internal surface from volatile Zealand, American and International Standards Agency (EPA) advantage with this system is liquids, such as ethanol and slurry, or even a and MIL-17 norms, demonstrating the system is unique in that its use could result in a dramatic potable-grade surface can be achieved. fully capable of producing pipelines that can reduction of onsite machinery and onsite External coatings could also be applied withstand any desired pressure. labour. Land rehabilitation and reforestation concurrently at production, such as fire or For the gas, water, irrigation, mining, would be substantially lower, as the machinery ballistic-resistant applications. petroleum and allied industries, the WNR path is 50 per cent of current requirements. Another innovative feature is that System has secure and infinite possibilities, The system will efficiently produce pipe of fibre-optic and other communication cabling and can manufacture pipes far in excess of any diameter and wall thickness. For example, could be incorporated with the pipeline at the any pressure requirement. 36 m of 1.5 m diameter pipe could be made in same time as production, without reducing less than six minutes. The pipe will also have a pipeline strength. It would also have For more information on the WNR ‘glass-like’ smoothness internally, resulting in significant EPA benefits, with no power poles, system, visit www.wnrsystems.com less surface friction and a reduction in no separate contractors, and eliminating the

Infinite, no join pipes, made on site. Smarter energy flows WNR Systems’ revolutionary machine uses the latest technology in from great ideas fibreglass to construct a join free, continuous pipe directly on your site. It can deliver any wall thickness rapidly cured, make Designing, permitting, managing, bespoke pipes to your exact requirements and work in 25+ years and maintaining your oil and gas hostile weather conditions. Its’ cost efficiencies and creating connections pipelines and facilities. reduced environmental impact are also infinitely exciting. designed to last. Contact Wayne Barrett to find out how you can profit Design with community in mind from this innovation, call +61 (0)419 027 482 or email stantec.com [email protected]. www.wnrsystems.com

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TDW made it possible for the operator to Relieving stress: preventive riser extract the bracing, which alleviated the growing pressure on the riser, ensuring that it continues to operate safely. TDW’s relationship with the operator maintenance offshore Malaysia dates back twelve years, supplying pipeline pressure-isolation services to facilitate safe In March 2014, global pipeline services provider T.D. Williamson completed a comprehensive pipeline maintenance activities on export lines and services programme for a major offshore operator to assist with efforts to relieve increasing contact pipeline tie-ins. This recent operation was stress between a gas export riser and platform jacket offshore east Malaysia. executed as part of a framework agreement between the two companies, which was extended in 2012. ue to changes in seabed conditions, the platform jacket had moved, producing Construction works trigger Dstress on the gas export riser attached increased demand for isolation to the platform jacket. The stress was most services The Malaysia riser relief operation. acute at the contact point between the bracings With operators keen to protect live – or riser clamps – that anchor the riser to the pipelines and maintain production while avoid the trouble and expense of having to platform structure. construction or repair works take place, completely depressurise the entire line. In TDW is a full member of the Pigging Concerned that the amount of stress TDW reports increased demand for its addition, the line can remain isolated for Products & Services Association. developing at the contact point could specialist pipeline isolation services, extended periods – months, if necessary eventually damage the riser, the operator particularly in the Asia Pacific region. By – while work is carried out, or if work is For more information on TDW’s products decided that the best solution was to cut out isolating a designated section of a pipeline delayed due to inclement weather or other and services visit www.tdwilliamson.com and remove a section of the jacket bracing. with its SmartPlug technology, operators extenuating circumstances. Removal of the brace would not affect the technical integrity of the structure. To ensure that the bracing could be safely removed from the pipeline, the operator chose SmartPlug® isolation. The SmartPlug isolation method, developed by T.D. Williamson (TDW), involved isolating the affected section of the subsea line by inserting and setting the remotely-operated isolation tool approximately 100 m from the platform. By doing so, only a The Malaysia riser relief operation. short section of the pipeline had to be depressurised and isolated while the bracing Once the MOV was replaced, TDW the entire operation, working closely with its was removed. launched the SmartPlug tool to the set location teams in Norway, Belgium and Singapore, and The alternative to this approach would have in order to isolate the line connected to the collaborated with its network of trusted been to depressurise the entire pipeline, which jacket bracing, which required that a section specialists to provide welding and nitrogen- would have been time-consuming and costly be removed. The line was isolated for five and water-pumping services. All of this was for the operator. Further complicating the days, allowing a diving contractor to safely accomplished in just four months. situation was the fact that the line is tied in to remove the bracing without disrupting “The operator was faced with a unique another major pipeline that extends to a central production. The SmartPlug tool was then and pressing challenge: to relieve the riser complex. This line would have to have unset and retrieved back to the launcher. increasing stress on the riser by removing the been bled down as well, causing major subsea bracing, without disrupting disruption to overall production from the field. Unexpected discovery demands production,” explains TDW Business Before the pipeline could be isolated, full range of pipeline services Development Manager – Asia Pacific Rolf however, it became apparent that one of the As a result of the unforeseen replacement Gunnar Lie. topside motor-operated valves (MOVs) closest of the MOV, the immediate challenges faced by “The fact that a defective MOV prevented to the pig launcher would not open properly, so the operator were compounded. The operator us from immediately isolating this line so that it would have to be replaced so that the and TDW worked together to make certain the bracing could be safely removed could SmartPlug tool could reach the point of that, in spite of the MOV replacement, the have been a real setback, delaying this critical isolation. To rectify this, TDW performed a hot bracing would be safely removed within the work for months. tap and Stopple plug isolation on the riser original timeframe. First, TDW expedited the “However, due to TDW’s extensive above the shutdown valve, thereby providing manufacturing of a special custom fitting for experience in hot tap and Stopple plugging double-block isolation so that the operator the hot tap and Stopple plugging operation at services, we were able to help solve this could safely replace the malfunctioning MOV. its US manufacturing facility. It then managed problem and move forward rapidly,” he added.

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The role of comparative performance more than 0.90 for the EPC model indicates that EPC normalises more than 90 per cent of Strong Weak the differences in costs between pipeline Best Practice Comments systems – a far superior divisor than Scope document 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Short comment to support analysis in pipeline operations conventional pipeline benchmarking divisors. completed with scoring of each practice. defined boundaries. By John Jungman, HSB Solomon Associates LLC, Dallas, TX, USA Closing the gaps Preliminary risk Information to guide With the cost gaps identified and assessment conducted team doing Post Audit Maintaining pipeline performance, integrity, safety and reliability are critical, and keeping operations analyses made to develop a compelling and impacts estimated. 1–2 years later. current and optimised requires a continuous improvement process. By looking to peer-company confirmation of the gaps, it is time to make a comparisons, operators can develop strategies that balance desired operational advances with the plan for improvement. Plan incremental Best practice is steps toward achieving improvement goals; institutionalized; it No evidence of Typical for realities of cost efficiency and reliability. this approach ensures progress that is both has become an best practice at industry, average. achievable and measurable. everyday part of this site. Improving work practices relies on the routine. n setting operational goals, it is vital to SA-01 MNVE, USD/kEPC determine benchmarks, those points of changing behaviours, but people tend to be 394 X 2,607 creatures of habit and resist change, and reference that reveal the current state of Figure 2: The best-practices scorecard. I 746 995 1,290 managers can expect significant challenges pipeline performance. If done correctly, Total Cash OpEx, USD/kEPC benchmarking – or comparative performance in convincing employees to accept the need analysis (CPA) – provides a basis for achieving 702 X 3,840 for change. New practices must be carefully 968 1,247 1,948 crafted and implemented as part of a Implementation is the most difficult phase in the the highest possible levels of performance by Total Work Hours per kEPC providing clear, reliable results, and a successful training programme. Consistency 4 X 35 and reliability are vital toward building improvement process, and must have clear and visible foundation for prioritising future operational 8 10 14 confidence and gaining acceptance. improvements. Figure 1 provides a graph Maintenance Index, USD/kEPC support from management. Employees can be even more resistant to representation of various pipeline operational 84 X 1,875 250 363 515 change if they do not understand the performance areas. PL14-03 In pipeline operations, efficiency gaps reasoning. Be prepared to answer all tend to occur for three primary reasons: Figure 1: Representative pipeline operational performance areas. questions, including: 1. Industry best practices are not in place at 1. Why should we change? specific action plans can be developed for While looking to peer companies can help the operating facility. The four phases of change 2. What is wrong with our current practices? implementing each recommendation. a business develop strategies that balance 2. Company business practices are 3. We have done it this way forever. Why Implementation is the most difficult phase desired operational advances with the inconsistently or inadequately executed, Denial Exploration change the process now? in the improvement process, and must have realities of cost efficiency and reliability, it inhibiting efficient operations. clear and visible support from management. needs to be noted that benchmarking and the Navigating the phases of change Best practice teams, or small work groups, can CPA process is not a fast fix. The process 3. The facility is held back by minor Resistance Commitment limitations of equipment or infrastructure. Research has shown that there are four be key to success. Appoint team members as requires an investment of time and resources. One question frequently asked is, “How SA-07 phases to change: denial, resistance, the primary change agents responsible for The payoff, though, is an analysis that does pipeline system age impact cost?”. exploration and commitment. Successful developing and executing the action plans. identifies and quantifies gaps, helps prioritise Systems less than 20 years old would be A comprehensive CPA study covers a range To provide valuable performance progression models for change tend to adhere Implementing best practices and changing opportunities, and provides the information expected to outperform older systems, but in of key performance indicators (KPIs), each of comparisons, representative CPA study to the following basic steps: behaviour within a company can be difficult. needed to build a compelling case for action fact, pipeline systems 40 years old or more can which must be covered in enough detail to data must encompass a broad range of 1. Best practices review; But following a well-planned and executed and improvement. be among the best performers. identify opportunities for improvement: complexity and costs among participants. 2. Recommendations; and, effort can achieve exceptional results: 1. Revenue and net cash margin; Although diversity in operating facilities 3. Implementation. 1. Gap closure as high as 50 per cent without John Jungman is Vice President of Liquid Identifying the gaps 2. Total cash operating expenditures; will exist within the group, it can be The best practices review, which should capital expenditure. Typical CPA efficiency Pipeline and Terminal studies at HSB The benchmarking process identifies fixed 3. Energy cost and consumption; normalised through an effective complexity encompass a scorecard review of each gap closure is 20–40 per cent. All Solomon Associates LLC, a leading and variable cost-saving opportunities, using 4. Manageable non volume-related divisor to provide reliable comparisons. The practice (refer to Figure 2), is a powerful way improvements are based on implementing performance improvement company for the difference between the best performer expenditures (MNVE), equivalent to Pearson Coefficient of Determination (r²) to guide personnel through the resistance best practices and procedures. the global energy industry. He directs averages and the performance of a given controllable fixed costs; provides a proven method for determining phase. Personnel will begin to understand 2. Gap closure of 5–10 per cent in 6–9 months pipeline system. 5. Maintenance expenditures, including divisor reliability: r² can measure the that there are better, more efficient ways of from quick-hit projects that create fast Solomon Associates’ pipeline and An early step in the CPA process is to maintenance capital; correlation between cost drivers and actual working. Exposing your team members to best returns. terminal benchmarking studies, and identify and verify the largest performance 6. Personnel cost and work hours; operating costs. practices will open their minds and frequently 3. No- or low-capital project improvements participates in individual consulting gaps. Next, look at each significant 7. Reliability factors such as unplanned Take for example the Solomon Equivalent leads to innovation. that can provide 15–30 per cent gap closure engagements with clients. Before performance gap and focus on the specific downtime, leaks and spill, measurement Pipeline Complexity (EPC) divisor. This divisor The next step is to develop and additional benefits without spending joining Solomon Associates in 2010, Mr performance metrics that are subsets of the losses, contaminations, and safety includes multiple cost drivers for each recommendations and specific actions to close major capital. Jungman held positions at Westway gap. By analysing each metric, the potential incidents; and, pipeline system, including pump and meter the work practice gaps. Following onsite 4. Identification of projects requiring capital Terminal Co, TransMontaigne Product for performance improvement can be defined 8. Pipeline integrity metrics for both stations, pipeline characteristics and workshops, change leaders should review and expenditures that will yield additional gap Services, ITAPCO, and Tenneco Oil Co. in detail. inspections and repairs. intermediate storage characteristics. An r² of prioritise the recommendations, and then closure.

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End dimensioning at the pipe-coating yard in the UAE. Cortez Subsea secures patent for shallow-water pipelay technology OMS completes pipe Subsea services and technology products company Cortez Subsea has been granted a UK patent for its services for Barzan Gas Project Modular Pipelay System, making new shallow-water pipelay technology available in the North Sea for the first time. Pipe measurement specialist Optical Metrology Services has completed a pipe measurement survey and fit-up project for RasGas, the Qatar-based joint venture between Qatar Petroleum and ExxonMobil.

n a culmination of three years of research and development to bring the technology – ptical Metrology Services (OMS) was “This rapid turnaround – measuring measurement data – prevented production Ia collaboration between Cortez Subsea and contracted by RasGas and its pipeline batches of pipes during the day, followed by delays due to mismatched pipes, leaving a NOV Tuboscope Zap-Lok – to the marketplace, Ocontractor to perform an onshore pipe overnight processing and sequencing of the very happy customer.” the first trials will get underway at the end dimensioning survey of more than 2,000 beginning of 2015, and will see Cortez Subsea pipe ends destined for use on the Barzan Gas build on its current six-figure investment over Project offshore from Qatar. the next six to twelve months. Two OMS engineers were deployed to the “This is a significant step in the pipe-coating yard in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE, development of our company toward to measure the pipes. The 32 inch diameter advancing technology and maximising value pipe ends were long-seam welded pipes with for the subsea market,” said Cortez Subsea a 30 mm concrete coating. OMS measured the Managing Director Alasdair Cowie. pipe ends in order to ensure all the pipes “The Zap-Lok connection, which has been were ‘fit-for-purpose’ and within the project’s used onshore and offshore for over 40 years, specified tolerance of 1 mm. has gone through significant testing and is As the batches of pipes were end- now approved by a number of major and dimensioned, and the fit-for-purpose pipes independent oil and gas companies who see marked up accordingly, the measurement data the advantage of the technology. was made available to OMS’ SmartFit system in “We are now progressing toward the UK. Overnight, the data was processed and fabrication and trials of the first of the units the pipes were sequenced by the software, so for operations at the beginning of 2015.” that the most closely matched ends could be The collaboration has seen the continued brought together for welding. This information development in the application of the was sent back to OMS’ engineers at the coating Zap-Lok mechanical pipeline connection for yard, who then managed the process of offshore application. physically locating the correct pipe ends in The Modular Pipelay System allows the the yard. They added suitable rotation marks WHEN EVERY FRACTION OF A use of the Zap-Lok connected pipeline to be to the pipes, which allowed the welders installed from a suitable offshore multi- immediately align the pipe ends in order to MILLIMETRE MAKES A DIFFERENCE purpose DP vessel. The new pipelaying system achieve the best rotational position, thus is designed to facilitate the storage, handling, minimising misalignment and achieving the Do you need to verify that your pipes are within connection, and deployment of the pipeline in project tolerance. their manufacturing specification? an S-lay configuration onto the seabed at a OMS also managed the loading of Do you know the true shape of each pipe end in order to ensure faster, easier fit-up? speed of three to five minutes per joint, which these pipes onto the pipelay barge in the is a daily installation rate of up to 5 km. planned sequence. Do you require onsite pipe measurement services from a reputable, independent “Overseeing this process was absolutely OPTICAL METROLOGY SERVICES “The market for shallow-water and inspection specialist? key to the project,” explains OMG Client replacement pipelines is significant, and At OMS, our goal is to ensure that you don’t take your UK OFFICE: Solutions Director Hugh Davies. OMS, Unit 9, M11 Business Link, expected to continue growing as operators pipe welding and fit-up problems offshore. We have tools Parsonage Lane, Stansted, Essex, CM24 8GF increasingly look to maximise the return on to measure every aspect of a pipe, not just sample points. Tel: +44 (0) 1279 656038 their investments,” Mr Cowie continued. And we can do this faster and more accurately than traditional measurement methods. USA OFFICE: “The Zap-Lok connection coupled with the OMS USA LLC, 701 N Post Oak Road, Our unique range of laser pipe measurement tools and Suite 345, Houston, TX 77024 The Modular Pipelay System. For more information on OMS’ pipe Tel: +1 (832) 519 9421 Modular Pipelay System provides the market services can help you solve real engineering issues and services, visit www.omsmeasure.com with a cost-effective pipeline installation help you achieve real efficiency gains. www.omsmeasure.com or contact Hugh Davies at method and positions us, as a business, for For more information, visit www.cortezsubsea.com the next stage of our growth strategy.” [email protected]

OMS__125.55x161.54mm-Portrait (Pipelines International)_ad1.indd 1 12/08/2014 18:44 56 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 57 INDUSTRY NEWS INDUSTRY NEWS

Ronald McDonald House provides accommodation close to medical facilities for the families of children undergoing extensive treatment who live far away from these facilities. It was established in 1981 and has extended to include retreats for seriously and terminally-ill children, a learning programme, and scholarships and grants to assist with research.

The benevolence and gratitude that slowed to a trickle, along with the mass Mr Hall had for the charity was the impetus exodus of the expatriates when Sri Lanka for the workers to rally around and do gained independence in 1949. The Home had something to demonstrate their support also to redefine its purpose, and gradually evolved in a time of need. to being a Home for the Burgher community, which also started to dwindle over the next The Paynter Home few decades. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, Over the past decade, workers on three the school had become a Sinhalese medium Australian pipeline projects have contributed school. Today, the Home has become broader to a Sri Lankan charity which has evolved with its ethnicity and cultural backgrounds. considerably since it was founded in 1924. The children now are from the Sinhalese, The workforce on these projects identified Tamil, and Burgher communities. The The before and after transformation of the learning centre at Paynter Home an opportunity to give back to the community youngest child of the Home is approximately who they saw as being in need. Pipeliners, 4 years old (no birth certificate has been subcontractors, and client personnel on both found) and the oldest is 19. The education the QSN3 and Woleebee Lateral projects have centre was completed early this year after Philanthropy from our pipeliners raised a significant amount of money for three years of construction work and is now homeless children in Sri Lanka. The Paynter being used for language classes (Tamil, Home organisation provides full-time care Sinhala, and English), music, carpentry skills, Over many years, pipeliners have put a hand in their pocket to assist people and communities both for up to 40 disadvantaged and abandoned Joe and Tony Hall. and various sporting activities. locally and internationally. Philanthropic activities have been in place for decades and are prevalent children by providing them with shelter, The Director of the Home, Angeline Jacob, right across the pipeline industry; however, these positive outcomes for the good of others are seldom food, clothing, education, and life skills to many years in England recovering, before became involved in 2004, and has ensured the published – until now. assimilate them successfully into society being sent to Sri Lanka in an attempt to further funds raised by Australian pipeline workers once they reach adulthood. The money improve his health. Upon partial recovery and are put to maximum use for the children’s raised by the pipeliners was able to turn a moving around Sri Lanka, he encountered benefit. Jacob plays a leading role in raising ipeliners are renowned for responding suppliers, and client’s employees involved in up a cockroach race and raised an astounding derelict building into an educational centre many unfortunate Euro-Asian children who funds for the children, which is a huge to fellow workers who fall on hard these projects. This is consistent with the $US6,390 which was then donated to Ronald for the children. were neglected and forgotten in the tea ongoing task as the Paynter Home is a charity Ptimes. Sometimes fundraising efforts self-evident teamwork culture within the McDonald House. The Paynter Home was established by plantation areas of Nurwa Eliya. The urge to which relies on donations to survive. are focused on causes close to the heart and Australian pipeline industry. Ronald McDonald House provides Arnold Paynter who was born in India in help them was the beginning of ‘The The philanthropic history of the Australian involve the families of fellow pipeliners who The following are two examples that accommodation close to medical facilities 1897. After completing his education he Children’s Home Nurwa Eliya’ which later pipeline worker is to be acknowledged, and it for whatever reason might be finding it tough. attempt to shine light on some of the great for the families of children undergoing volunteered for the First World War when he changed to The Paynter Home. can only be imagined the amount of money Other beneficiaries are local kindergartens, things that pipeliners do to make a difference. extensive treatment who live far away from was 18 years old. After the misfortune of being With the end of the colonial era, the flood raised over the decades for the good of others schools, hospitals, scout groups, and similar these facilities. It was established in 1981 gassed and shell shocked, Mr Paynter spent of children for whom the Home was created as demonstrated by these shared stories. organisations in local communities. Often Ronald McDonald House and has extended to include retreats for certain beneficiaries fall outside of the In July 2006, a brave little boy by the name seriously and terminally-ill children, a corporate guidelines for many companies. of Joe was born to parents Gayle and Tony learning programme, and scholarships and Understanding this, pipeliners have on Hall. Joe was diagnosed with a hypoplastic left grants to assist with research. many occasions taken up the challenge to heart condition which effectively meant only Since then, Joe has been diagnosed with show the initiative to raise the funds privately. half of his heart was functioning. Joe has had a condition called plastic bronchitis which is In remote construction camps, they three heart surgeries all before the age of four. a build-up of protein in his lungs that blocks enthusiastically hold raffles, quiz nights, and Joe’s father, Hall, has been a pipeliner for most his airways. There is no known cause or cure auctions to raise large amounts of money. They of his career, and when the news of his son’s for this, and there are only three or four have a lot of fun and they are rightfully very condition was shared with his work children in Australia who have been proud of what they achieve together. The colleagues, they came up with an unusual way diagnosed with this. Joe is continuing to fundraising functions are extremely successful to raise money to assist in Joe’s recovery. On have regular care in hospital and is an because of the buy-in of the entire workforce, the QSN3 Pipeline Project in Queensland, amazing fighter who brings much joy to his and on occasions extend to the subcontractors, Australia, the workers and subcontractors set parents’ lives.

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term rather than the more respectable, but less accurate version Comparison of various correction models “correction factor” used in other places [4]. A fairy tale outcome The results of full scale fracture arrest tests on increasingly 600 strong pipe grades were showing that higher and higher fudge factors 2 + 2 = 5, fudge factors in pipeline fracture control, the CRC program, Wilkowski 1977 were needed as the strength of the pipe increased. Fudge factors of 500 1.3 were needed on X70, 1.4 on X80, and higher on X100. Indeed on AS2885, and succession planning in the Australian pipeline industry. X120, full scale tests showed that fractures could not be arrested at any Wilkowski 2000 fudge factor [5]. 400 By Leigh Fletcher, Energy Pipelines CRC, YouYou Wu, PhD candidate at the University of Wollongong, Cheng Lu, Associate Leis Nearly 50 years after Bill Maxey’s remarkable insights we are still Professor University of Wollongong and Phil Venton, Venton and Associates struggling with aspects of fracture control, both on the driving force 300 Power relationship side in understanding the decompression behaviour of different gases

Corrected Charpy energy, J energy, Charpy Corrected CSM and gas mixtures, and understanding the fracture velocity behaviour in n the beginning, in the 1960s, a genius called Bill Maxey of Battelle 200 today’s remarkable pipeline steels that show Charpy energy levels of up Columbus in the USA developed a method for preventing long 1:1 to 400 J and more. Irunning fractures in gas pipelines. The method was called the For this reason, fracture control was one of the topics that was selected Battelle Two Curve Model (BTCM) [1]. It enabled calculation of the 100 for research in the Energy Pipelines CRC that was established in 2010. At 100 150 200 250 required Charpy energy that would cause the fracture velocity in the that time there was no research on pipeline fracture control at all in pipe to be slower than the rate of decompression of the gas. In that case Australia, there was no coursework in any Australian University, and the the gas would escape after the initial rupture caused, for example, by Fig 2 The figure shows on the x-axis the Charpy energy required to arrest a running industry experts that had formulated the requirements of the Australian an excavator accidentally hitting the pipeline, and the resulting loss of fracture calculated by the Battelle Two Curve Model (BTCM), and on the y-axis the Standard AS2885 were near the end of their careers. There was not only a pressure at the crack tip would prevent the crack from propagating. corrected energy derived from full scale tests. The 1:1 line indicates the required need for research to keep abreast of developments, there was also a need If on the other hand, the crack travelled faster than the energy agrees with the BTCM. The corrections shown range from 1.4 for CSM [5] to 1.7 [9], whilst the power relationship developed by the Energy Pipelines CRC agrees well for education to inform a new generation of pipeline engineers. decompression of the gas, the crack tip would remain pressurised, the with the CSM correction and is based upon science rather that statistical form fitting. Enter the Commonwealth Government Cooperative Research (Although the power relationship looks to be linear at this scale, it is in fact a curve) pipeline wouldn’t know it had a hole in it, and the crack could travel Centres (CRC) Program under which the Energy Pipelines CRC operates. indefinitely – or at least to the ends of the pipeline – in both directions! The CRC undertakes user-led industrially relevant research and The concept is illustrated in the following figure [2]. The Energy Pipelines CRC’s YouYou Wu. We had rich gas that decompresses slowly, we had 15 MPa operating education, and supports long term, high quality research with critical In Australia we were not immune from this problem. The Australian pressure, and we began using X70 ERW pipe in small diameters. None mass in core programs, and offers enhanced educational experiences steel and pipe making industry had to make major improvements in on populated areas. The toughness of the steel in the Big Lake pipeline, of these conditions were represented in full scale tests conducted CONTINUED ON PAGE 62 ›› steel making technology to achieve the toughness levels of around 40 J through a series of errors and omissions was only around 12 J. overseas. The small diameters alone were thought to be a problem called for in our first major pipelines like Longford-Dandenong and For quite a long time the BTCM worked perfectly well, and we have because of the higher surface area to volume ratio giving larger Moomba-Sydney. These developments fostered the development of had no other cases of long running fractures since Big Lake. frictional effects potentially slowing decompression. some expertise in fracture control in a generation of pipeline engineers Nevertheless, as pipeline pressures and steel strength levels Compared to the 40 J toughness level specified for early pipelines, Manufacturing fused minerals and that are now a group of grumpy old men either retired or quickly fading increased, fracture control design and materials were also put under by the time we built our first X70 pipeline, Jackson-Moomba, in the abrasives to meet your most demanding into retirement. pressure, and unlike in North America and Europe, we had no full scale early 90s, the minimum toughness level was 100 J, and this stretched We even had our own experiences of long fractures. But fortunately fracture arrest test data validating our designs. A full scale arrest test the local steel making capability to the absolute limit. As well as this, applications since 1868 all three cases of these occurred in the early 1980s on one pipeline called costs somewhere around $A3 million or so and it was difficult to justify there remained some doubt over that design, and so that pipeline was the Big Lake pipeline in the desert of Central Australia and had no impact this expenditure on any one pipeline project. built with thicker pipes at several hundred metre intervals to act as crack arresters – just in case! In this period fracture control technology was evolving rapidly and a) b) the members of Standards Australia Committee ME38 responsible for AS2885 were learning as they went, and this process was very much Decompression helped by the secondment to the CRC for welded structures in Australia of Brian Rothwell from Nova in Canada, (later TransCanada Pipelines). Brian organised a conference in 1997 in Sydney on Gas Pipeline Fracture Increasing Control [3] that was a seminal event in our history of fracture control in Alumina-Zirconia • Boron Carbide • Brown Fused Alumina toughness Australia and helped very much in knowledge transfer to Australian Bubble Alumina • Chrome Alumina • Cryolite • Emery • Ferro Silicon engineers. He also reviewed the fracture control provisions of AS2885.1 Fused Mag-Chrome • Fused Mullite • Fused Silica • Fused Spinel Velocity Velocity

and suggested substantial improvements. Fused Zirconia • Iron Pyrite • KBF4 • Lab Services • Magnesium Oxide Silica Fume • Silicon Carbide • Toll Fusions • White Fused Alumina In the early 2000s we were re-writing AS2885.1 with a view to raising the design factor from 72% SMYS to 80% SMYS, and this put further Fracture pressure on fracture control design, tending to raise the Charpy requirements well beyond their expected level of validity of 100 J or Pressure Pressure thereabouts. In 2007 the new edition of AS2885.1 was published which called for the use of a fudge factor to be applied to the results of the www.washingtonmills.com Fig 1 The concept of the Battelle Two curve Model (BTCM) BTCM calculation to account for various unknowns and uncertainties. (a) As the Charpy toughness increases the fracture velocity falls below the gas decompression velocity and so the fracture arrests The Standards Australia editorial staff didn’t much like the term ‘fudge Tel: 716.278.6600 • 800.828.1666 • [email protected] (b) As the decompression velocity decreases, as for example happens with rich gas where there is a plateau in the decompression velocity curve due to phase changes in the gas, the factor’, however the ME38 committee persisted in their desire to use this P.O Box 423, 1801 Buffalo Avenue, Niagara Falls, New York, 14302 crack tip runs ahead of the decompression front and the fracture continues.

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‹‹ CONTINUED FROM PAGE 61 for post graduate research students by exposing them to real industrial modern extremely clean steels, the relationship between Charpy energy problems and applications. The user-led research is identified and and test piece cross section is no longer linear as was the case with older Energy Pipelines CRC updates prioritised through the Australian Pipeline Industry Association’s steels for which the BTCM was developed, it obeys a power law, and when (APIA) contribution to the CRC as a Core Participant. this is factored into the BTCM, it produces a similar outcome to the fudge In the field of fracture control the Energy Pipelines CRC has made factors that have been found to be necessary to fit experimental data to outstanding internationally recognised progress that has already the BTCM. The relationships are shown in the following figure 2. industry with latest research findings attracted an award [6] in the best paper competition at the world’s most This really is a fairy tale outcome. Now we can drop the term fudge important pipeline technology conference held in Canada every two factor, and call it a correction factor. The full explanation of why we The Energy Pipelines Co-operative Research Centre’s ninth research dissemination seminar, held on years, and just recently a CRC Association Award for excellence in need a correction factor is a work in progress within the Energy research [7]. Pipelines CRC, but in the meantime, the power law relationship is 4 June 2014 at the University of Wollongong’s Innovation Campus in New South Wales, Australia, enjoyed The CRC Program [8] aims to produce beneficial outcomes that impact clearly a significant part of the story. record-breaking attendance from industry professionals and other end users. national objectives and our economy, and it aims to produce synergy, to make 2 + 2 = 5 or more, by bringing industry and research providers References ttended by more than 80 industry linepipe toughness before she finishes her together to apply the talents and resources of the research providers to 1. W.A.Maxey, “Fracture Initiation, Propagation, and Arrest,” in 5th professionals, including members PhD studies and returns to Singapore to industry problems. Symposium on Line Pipe Research, America Gas Association, 1974, Aof the Australian Pipeline Industry work for her previous employer, DNV-GL, One such problem was the fudge factors we need to use to make the Houston, Texas, pp J1- J31. Association’s (APIA’s) Research and later this year. Energy Pipelines CRC’s BTCM work. Why are they necessary and what is their basis? Are they just 2. B. Rothwell and D. Horsley, “Evolution and current status of Standards Committee, the Energy Pipelines CEO Prof. Valerie Linton acknowledged a “fudge” to make the data fit the model? Or is there some science behind approaches to fracture control design for gas pipelines,” Joint Co-operative Research Centre’s (CRC’s) ninth Ms Wu’s hard work and contribution in them. Could we explain the science and improve the accuracy of the Technical Meeting APIA, EPRG and PRCI, Canbera Australia, 2007. seminar was an intellectually invigorating the pipeline industry throughout her time fudge factors, and at the same time could we train new young pipeline 3. B. Rothwell, Ed., “Fracture Control in Gas Pipeline,” in Proceedings of day filled with plenty of knowledge transfer in Australia. engineers in the science and technology of fracture control through PhD the International Seminar, Welding Techonology Institute of Australia and passionate discussion. Attendees also enjoyed a keynote projects which would also train other students and industry people as and Australian Pipeline Industry Association, 1997, Sydney, Australia. Delegates from the Energy Pipelines presentation from Dr Andrew Cosham of Keynote speaker Dr Andrew Cosham of Atkins. well through the research reports and the well attended seminars held by 4. R. Eiber, “Fracture Propagation—1: Fracture-arrest prediction requires CRC’s four research programmes provided Atkins in Newcastle, UK. Dr Cosham’s the Energy Pipelines CRC. If we could do that, it really would be synergy, correction factors,” Oil & Gas Journal., vol. 106, no. 39, 2008. detailed updates on the research conducted presentation was titled ‘Fracture control in Learned’ series. Mr Fletcher shared valuable it really would make 2 + 2 = 5. 5. G. Mannucci, G.Demofonti, “Control of ductile facture propagation in to date and outlined the next stages of the CO2 pipelines: where do we go from here?’ and lessons with his captive audience via a range Three years ago, back in 2011, shortly after the Energy Pipelines CRC X80 gas linepipe,” in Pipeline Technology Conference, The institute of research process. In addition, individual gave valuable insight into the effectiveness of of detailed and often colourful anecdotes, was established, YouYou Wu (pictured on page 60) was working as a Royal Flemish Society of Engineers, 2009, no 2009-036. October, researchers within the various programmes current failure-testing methods. such as the need for engineers to have ‘pan fracture testing technician in an industrial laboratory in Singapore whilst Belgium, pp. 12–14. who are in the more advanced or final stages In the evening, many attendees from the and zoom’ capabilities (i.e. to look outside finishing an engineering degree by part time study. By chance, she got 6. C. Lu, G.Michal, A. Elshahomi, A. Godbole, P. Venton, K. K. Botros, L. of their projects presented key research seminar along with other industry their field of expertise); the importance of the the opportunity to apply to do a PhD at the University of Wollongong Fletcher, B. Rothwell, “Investigation of the Effects of Pipe Wall findings and outcomes. professionals gathered at the Novotel for the type of steel being used, saying the right steel under the Energy Pipelines CRC, and from there she set out on something Roughness and Pipe Diameter on the Decompression Wave Speed in Special mention must go to YouYou Wu APIA Wollongong Dinner. Long-standing covers ‘a multitude of sins’; the critical of a whirlwind program of research and travel, meeting pipeline fracture Natural Gas Pipelines,” proceedings of 9th International Pipeline from the University of Wollongong, who industry member Leigh Fletcher delivered a importance of compliance; and stating that experts all over the world, and having expert supervision from the Conference, ASME, 2012, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, pp. 315–322. gave a final review of her research into presentation as part of APIA’s ‘Lessons “best practice is the only defence”. University, as well as mentoring from industry experts. 7. “CRC Excellence in Inovation Award 2014.” Cooperative Research She is now coming to the end of her stay in Australia, and she will Centres Association. Available: http://crca.asn.au/events/ shortly return to Singapore being welcomed back by her employer who annualconference/excellence-in-innovation-awards/ supported her strongly while she was here. She hopes to continue her excellence-in-innovation-awards-2014/. association with Australia and the Energy Pipelines CRC, and she returns 8. “Coorperative Research Centres Program Guidelines,” Department of to Singapore already a recognised expert in pipeline fracture control and Innovation Industry, Science and Research, Australian Government, with greatly enhanced career prospects. Best of all, to us at least, she has 2008, http://crc.gov.au. collaborated in helping to deliver an innovative piece of scientific 9. G. Demofonti, G. Mannucci, and P. Roovers, “Existing methods for the understanding that we expect will be a lasting contribution to pipeline evaluation of material fracture resistance for high grade steel fracture control. Together with her supervisors Drs Cheng Lu and pipelines,” in Joint Technical Meeting, APIA, EPRG and PRCI, Guillaume Michal, she has exploited existing knowledge that in very Canberra Australia, 2007.

From left to right: Martin Williamson of PipeLine Machinery, Stuart McLennon of Bredero Shaw, and Steven Duck of Vermeer. A packed room at the Energy Pipelines CRC research dissemination seminar.

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The outlook for pipeline sometimes even counter-productive. Note that respond that lack of information should drive What’s behind the EE guideline the historical numbers are often not very you towards a more robust methodology. Using document that DNV and you relevant to the future – how often do a lesser RA approach with a small amount of recently released? conditions and reactions to previous incidents data just compounds the inaccuracies and does We are advocating a degree of risk assessment: remain so static that history can accurately not improve understanding of risk. standardisation that serves all stakeholders. predict the future? Sometimes, perhaps, but This list of essential elements sets forth the caution is warranted. With or without It sounds like you have methods minimum ingredients for acceptable pipeline an interview with W. Kent Muhlbauer historical comparable data, the best way to that very accurately predict failure risk assessment. Every RA should have these predict future events is to understand and potential. Is this true? elements. A specific methodology and W. Kent Muhlbauer is an internationally recognised authority on pipeline risk management, with his properly model the mechanisms that lead to Unfortunately, no. While the new detailed processes are intentionally not techniques in use by the largest pipeline operators worldwide. As a regular contributor to Pipelines the events. modelling approaches are powerful and the essential elements, so there is room for International, we decided to turn the tables on Mr Muhlbauer, and ask him the hard questions on the best we’ve ever had, there is still huge creativity and customised solutions. DNV’s Why do we need more robust uncertainty. We are unable to accurately recognition of the need for such a guideline, outlook for pipeline risk assessment. results? Why not just use scores? predict failures on specific pipe segments with its long history of technical risk Even though they were developed to help except in extreme cases. With good underlying consulting and solid reputation, demonstrates The US Pipeline and Hazardous You note two categories of simplify an analysis, scoring and indexing data, we can do a decent job of predicting the the seriousness of this effort. If regulators Materials Safety Administration previous RA methodologies. systems add an unnecessary level of behaviour of numerous pipe segments over encounter too many sub-standard pipeline RA (PHMSA) has recently criticised What about others, like complexity and obscurity to a risk assessment. longer periods of time – the behaviour of a practices, then prescriptive mandates might how Integrity Management Plan ‘scenario-based’ or ‘subject Numerical estimates of risk – a measure of population of pipeline segments. That is of be deemed necessary. Such mandates are (IMP) risk assessments (RAs) for matter experts’, which are listed some consequence over time and space, like significant benefit when determining risk usually less efficient than approaches that pipelines are being conducted. Do in some standards? ‘failures per mile-year’ – are the most management strategies. permit flexibility while prescribing only you also see problems? I think that listing is confusing tools with meaningful measures of risk we can create. certain elements. Hence, the benefit of the There is a wide range of practice among RA methodologies. The two examples you Anything less is a compromise. Compromises So are there are now pipeline RA EE guidelines. pipeline operators right now. Some RA is mention are important ingredients in any lead to inaccuracies; inaccuracies lead to approaches that are both better admittedly in need of improvement, not yet good RA but they are certainly not complete diminished decision making, leading to and cheaper than past practice? meeting the intent of the IMP regulation. RAs themselves. mis-allocation of resources, and leading to Yes. RA that follows the Essential *The Essential Elements of Pipeline Risk However, I believe that is not due to lack of W. Kent Muhlbauer. more risk than is necessary. Good risk Elements* (EE) guidelines avoids the pitfalls Assessment were discussed in the good intention, but rather incomplete What are the newest pipeline RA estimates are gold. If you can get the most that befall many current practices. Yet, we March,2012, issue of Pipelines understanding of risk. Risk is a relatively new methodologies like? pipeline? The classical QRA was created by meaningful numbers at the same cost as can still apply all of the data that was International, and published by DNV concept, and is not easy to fully grasp. To They are powerful, intuitive, easy to set up, statisticians and relies heavily on historical compromise measures, why would you settle collected for the previous approaches. and Mr Muhlbauer as an insert in the address PHMSA’s concerns, we as an industry less costly, and vastly more informative than failure frequencies. Ask a statistician how often for less? Pitfall avoidance, full transparency, and May, 2012, issue of Pipeline & Gas need to improve our understanding of risk either of the previous approaches. By something will happen in the future and he re-use of data makes the approach more Journal. The Essential Elements were in and how to measure it. independent examination of key aspects of risk will ask how often it has happened in the past. Are you advocating exclusively a efficient than other practices. Plus, the direct response to PHMSA’s Advanced and the use of verifiable measurement units, I often hear something like, “we can’t do a QRA quantitative or probabilistic RA? recommended approaches now generate the Notice for Proposed Rule Making (ANPRM) of August, 2011. What’s new in the world of the whole landscape of the risks becomes because we don’t have data”. I think what they Terminology has been getting in the way most meaningful measurements of risk that pipeline risk assessment? apparent. That leads to much improved mean is that they believe that databases full of of understanding in the field of RA. Terms like we know of. In the last few years, the emergence decision making. incident frequencies – how often each pipeline quantitative, semi-quantitative, qualitative, However, one catch is that we have to of the IMP regulations has prompted the component has failed by each failure probabilistic, etc. mean different things to overcome our resistance to the kinds of risk Kent Muhlbauer contributes a column to development of more robust RA How can they be both easy and mechanism – are needed before they can different people. I do believe that for a true estimate values that are needed. When faced each edition of Pipelines International methodologies specifically designed for more informative? produce QRA-type risk estimates. That’s simply understanding of risk and for the vast with a number such as 1.2E-4 failure/ tackling specifics of pipeline risk in pipelines. Even though PHMSA and others More informative, since they produce the not correct. It’s a carryover from the notion of a majority of regulatory, legal, and technical mile-year, many immediately react bite-sized portions to make this have identified weaknesses among some same output as the classic QRA but are more purely statistics-driven approach. While such uses of pipeline RAs, numerical risk negatively, far beyond a healthy skepticism. challenging subject more approachable. practitioners, much progress has been accurate. Easy, because they directly capture historical failure data is helpful, it is by no estimates in the form of consequence per Perhaps it is the scientific notation, or the FUTURE COLUMN TOPICS made. Previous methodologies fell into our understanding of pipelines and what can means essential to RA. We should take an length per time are essential. Anything less probabilistic implication, the ‘illusion of • Consequences of failure – identify two categories: 1) scoring systems designed cause them to fail. The word ‘directly’ is key engineering and physics-based approach, is an unnecessary compromise. knowledge’, or some other aspect that evokes the scenarios for simple ranking of pipeline segments, here – previous methods relied on inferential rather than rely on questionable or inadequate such reactions. I find that such biases • The “Perfect Storm” chain of events and 2) statistics-based quantitative risk data and/or scoring schemes that tended to statistical data. What about the concern that a disappear very quickly, however, once an • How do I handle non-pipe assets? assessments (QRAs) used in more robust interfere with our understanding. more robust methodology suffers audience sees the utility of the numbers and • Getting info from SMEs applications, often for industrial sites and But if an estimate as to how often more from lack of any data? makes the connection. Another catch is that – facilitation! for certain regulatory and legal needs. The If they do the same thing as QRA, a pipeline segment will fail from That is a myth. In the absence of recorded rare events like pipeline failures have a large • Monetisation of risks – a first were popular among the pre-IMP why not just use classic QRA? a certain threat is needed, aren’t information, a robust RA methodology forces element of randomness, at least from our controversial common denominator voluntary practitioners, but were limited in Several reasons, classic QRA is expensive numbers needed to ascertain how SMEs to make careful and informed estimates current technical perspective. That means • How safe is “safe enough”? their ability to accurately measure risk and to and awkward to apply to a long, linear asset in often similar pipelines have failed based on their experience and judgement. From that, no matter how good the modelling, • Damage vs failure – an important meet IMP regulatory requirements. The a constantly changing natural environment – in the past from that threat? direct estimates of real-world phenomena, some will still be disappointed by the high distinction second category was costly and ill-suited for can you imagine developing and maintaining No, it’s not essential. It’s helpful to have reasonable risk estimates emerge, pending the uncertainty that must accompany predictions • Q&A on risk assessment evolution long linear assets like pipelines. event trees/fault trees along every foot of every such numbers, but not necessary and acquisition of better data. Therefore, I would on specific pipeline segments.

64 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 65 EVENTS Hundreds gather for a topical ptc in Berlin

Delegates from 42 different nations travelled to Berlin in May 2014 for ETTEP’s ninth Pipeline Technology Conference, gathering information from nearly 70 presentations on the latest trends in design, construction, operation and maintenance of onshore and offshore pipelines.

ith over 420 participants setting a compressor stations and pumping stations, participants from international operating new attendance record, current construction procedures, material issues, and companies making the most of the opportunity Wissues in the spotlight like the South integrity management. to gather information and compare the latest Stream Project and the security of European The content of the Pipeline Technology developments from different suppliers. supply in the wake of the current crisis in the Conference (ptc) is supported by ten trade Two evening events and a number of Australian oil and gas Ukraine were included in the programme. associations and published worldwide via 20 post-conference workshops rounded off the Other popular topics included new media partners. The exhibition, which featured ninth ptc, with many delegates looking forward news that’s second to none developments in the areas of in-line inspection, 41 companies, ran alongside the conference and to next year’s event, which will again take place leak detection, corrosion protection, was a popular spot at break times, with many in Berlin from 8–10 June 2015.

POPULAR TOPICS FROM PTC • In-line inspection Want to know what’s happening in the Australasian • Leak detection • Corrosion protection oil and gas industry, but don’t have the time? • Compressor stations and pumping stations Pipeline, Plant & Offshore (PPO) is a concentrated Australian oil and • Construction procedures • Concise industry news • Material issues gas focused daily news publication. No advertorials, just the news • Integrity management. that counts, straight from the source to you. • Easy-to-use database • Project updates PPO provides a number of unique offerings, including a daily news • Contractor listings The tenth ptc will take place from service with updates on construction activity, tender announcements 8–10 June 2015 in Berlin. Main topics • Detailed analysis will include challenging pipelines and and awards, policy and more, along with the monthly PPO Projects • Policy updates offshore technologies. As in previous report in print and digital, searchable project database with over years, the papers presented at this year’s ptc will be available online. 1,000 projects, and the PPO Annual industry yearbook. For more information on the 2015 event, visit www.pipeline-conference.com More than 420 participants attended this year’s ninth Pipeline Technology Conference in Berlin. For more information on PPO’s full suite of products, including subscriptions, maps, e-guides and more, visit www.ppo.com.au or call (03) 9248 5100.

Industry leaders in filtration solutions Sign up now to get all the news for the year ahead. Filter Housing Rentals/Sales Pressure ratings up to 2,220 psi • Pull bar skids – for ease of mobility • DP Gauge Options LL Level Gauge Options • Various Alloy Options • Rent to own programs Every Pipeline, every project – www.ppo.com.au High Flow/High Capcity Filters – To clean up your dirtiest jobs 0.3 – 150+ micron rated filters • Variety of Media Options Champion Process, Inc. Multiple Length options • Cartridge or Bag Options Tel. (281) 953-9000 | [email protected] Published for Filter Press Distributor over 40 years Filter Press • Filter Leaf www.championprocess.com For more information Pump Solutions Call: 03 9248 5100 | Email: [email protected] Sumbersible • End Suction We pride ourselves in taking your specifications and providing affordable solutions. Visit: www.ppo.com.au Follow @PPONews for industry updates and other news 66 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014

PPO_FP_USLetter.indd 1 21/08/2014 5:04 pm EVENTS Learn to fix pipeline problems from the industry’s best enters a new age Don’t miss the unparalleled opportunity to expand your pipeline knowledge by attending the Fixing Pipeline Problems Conference and Exhibition, to be held from 23–24 October 2014 at the Estrel Hotel, Berlin, Germany. Introducing the digital edition

rganised by Tiratsoo Technical, a undertake rehabilitation of the structure to division of Great Southern Press, and ensure its continued fitness-for-purpose and to A BROAD TECHNICAL PROGRAMME OHouston-based Clarion Technical prolong its economic lifetime. The FPP conference programme is Conferences, the international event will The event provides a unique opportunity divided into the following broad areas provide both a forum for discussion as well to meet face-to-face with the pipeline industry of interest: as a platform to showcase the industry’s personnel, showcasing the latest • Repair and rehabilitation practices ISSUE 21 latest achievements. achievements in pipeline rehabilitation. and technologies; The Fixing Pipeline Problems (FPP) SEPTEMBER 2014 • Pipeline rehabilitation project case conference programme is of relevance to all TRAINING COURSES: studies; North America involved in the operation and lifetime EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE planning of pipelines that transport all types • Internal issues – including black Get more out of the conference and sign powder, microbial corrosion; Piping to greener pastures of hazardous hydrocarbons both on- and up for the pre-conference training offshore, in particular oil and gas, as well as to • External issues – including courses running from 21–22 October. coatings, DCVG, direct assessment; those involved in their regulation and safety. The two courses offered are: A wide variety of issues concerning 1. Performing Pipeline Rehabilitation • Inspection – internal and external; ISSUE 21 SEPTEMBER 2014 pipeline rehabilitation will be covered, 2. Pipeline Repair, Hot Tapping and and, ranging from the initial stages of evaluation of In-Service Welding. • Integrity assessment. North America a pipeline’s condition, to the steps required to Piping to greener pastures

The event will not only discuss the latest developments in the industry, but will also showcase some of the industry’s latest achievements, and provide an unmatched opportunity for both networking and learning.

To request more information about attending the event or exhibiting, visit www.clarion.org/fpp/fpp-2014

EVENT EDITION

Renew today and receive your subscription in our new interactive digital flipbook format, as well as in print. Attendees at the exhibition. Delegates hearing from the industry’s best. www.pipelinesinternational.com/subscribe 68 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014

PIN_flipbook_Ad_8.5x11inches.indd 1 27/08/2014 9:12 am EVENTS Provide pigging services?

Delegates in session at the 2013 Unpiggable Pipeline Dr Keith Leewis of P-PIC speaking at the 2013 Unpiggable Solutions Forum in Houston. Pipeline Solutions Forum in Houston. Make sure your company is at the forefront of the pigging industry – be seen on the Pipelines International Pipeline Inspection poster To be distributed with the December edition of the magazine, the Pipeline Inspection poster will showcase pigging products and services available, including different types of in-line inspection, cleaning, geometry and calliper pigs, as well as associated products such as cups and discs, pig trackers and pig signallers.

A.Hak Industrial Services’ Managing Director Inspection Quest Integrity Group’s Phil Bondurant, Stefan Papenfuss Services Hans Gruitroij speaking at the 2013 event. and Steve Pirnat at the 2013 event’s networking evening. Back due to popular demand at Third “Unpiggable” Pipeline Solutions PPIM 2015 Forum to be held in Houston

Following the success of the Forums in 2011 and 2013, the 2015 “Unpiggable” Pipeline Solutions Forum continues its mission of addressing capabilities and guidance concerning tools for corrosion and mechanical damage inspection of so-called “‘unpiggable” oil, gas and hazardous liquids pipelines.

he name of the event is a bit of a Advances in above-ground remote service when there is a need for reliable paradox, according to B.J. Lowe of assessments, externally-mounted integrity inspections. TClarion Technical Conferences, the assessment tools such as guided-wave or Additionally, invited presentations will Forum’s co-organiser with Tiratsoo Technical. MFL, and combinations with DA cover new techniques and tools such as “Presentations at the Forum continue to methodologies will form a significant part bio-inspired acoustics for internal pipeline demonstrate that innovative, non-traditional of the programme. imaging (BioSonar), subsea CT scanners for tools, and techniques make it possible to Live-line access techniques, combined external inspection through coating, and ‘smart internally inspect any pipeline,” says Mr Lowe. with low-flow restriction robotic and beads’ that detect corrosion and heal cracks.

To be held from 12–13 May 2014 at the wire-line-powered internal inspection Tools and practices for pre-inspection 2 01 Marriott Westchase Hotel in Houston, Texas, tools – and new free-swimming tools for surveys and preparing lines for inspection, 5 the focus in 2015 will be on the capabilities of challenging configurations – will also be including cleaning, will be addressed, as will existing technologies, as well as those in a special focus, especially for pipeline tools that can negotiate unknown pipe To be distributed at 27th research and development. segments that cannot be taken out of geometry and other unexpected obstructions. YEAR February 9–12, 2015, Houston

For more information on the “Unpiggable” Pipeline Solutions Forum, contact B.J. Lowe on +1 713 521 5929, email [email protected], or visit the Forum website at www.clarion.org/UPSF2015.php Contact Tim Thompson today to find out how you can particpate: [email protected] 70 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014

PIN_Pigging_Poster_FP_Sept14.indd 1 21/08/2014 4:56 pm ADVERTISERS’ INDEX

ADVERTISERS’ INDEX DON’T FORGET THESE

Acoustic Data 42 ® ® EVENTS FOR 2014/15: BMT Fleet Technology Ltd 62 Canusa 9 Calgary, Canada Champion Process, Inc 66 International Pipeline 29 September– www.internationalpipelineconference.com Exposition and Conference CRC-Evans 11 3 October 2014 Consolidated Contractors Company 33 Denso 34 Australian Pipeline Industry Melbourne, Australia E-Z Line Pipe Support company, Inc. 25 www.apia.net.au Association Convention 18–21 October 2014 Enduro Pipeline Services 17 Flexpipe Systems 29 Halfwave 1 Subsea Production Systems Aberdeen, Scotland www.clarion.org Journal of Pipeline Engineering 37 Engineering 14–17 October 2014 Michels Corporation 53 Nacap Australia Pty Ltd 5 NDT Global GmbH & Co.KG IFC Performing Pipeline Berlin, Germany www.clarion.org No-Dig 2015 35 Rehabilitation 21–22 October 2014 Optical Metrology Services Ltd 57 Pigs Unlimited 39, 49 Pipeline Repair Methods, Berlin, Germany Pipeline, Plant and Offshore 67 Hot Tapping, and In-Service www.clarion.org 21–22 October 2014 Pipelines International digital magazine 69 Welding Pipelines International pigging poster 71 Pipelines International subscription IBC Berlin, Germany Fixing Pipeline Problems www.clarion.org/fpp/fpp-2014 Power Associates International Inc 59 21–24 October 2014 Precision Pigging, LLC OBC Quest Integrity Group 27 RAM-100 International, LLC 31 Houston, TX, USA Training courses www.clarion.org Rosen 21 10–21 November 2014 Stantec 51 Stats Group 3 Calgary, AB, Canada TD Williamson, Inc. 13 Training courses www.clarion.org Vacuworx International 41 1–5 December 2014 Vermeer 15 Washington Mills North Grafton, Inc. 61 Pipeline Pigging & Integrity Houston, TX, USA Weatherford Pipeline & Specialty Services 23 www.clarion.org Management Conference 9–12 February 2015 WNR Systems Pte Ltd 50

COMING IN FUTURE ISSUES DECEMBER 2014 MARCH 2015 JUNE 2015 SEPTEMBER 2015

Focus Welding Trenchless technology Compressors Valves and pumps

Trenchers and Equipment Focus Pipelayers and sidebooms Vacuum lifters Machinery and equipment earthmoving equipment

Feature Pipe manufacture Safety Offshore Major pipeline logistics

Integrity and Rehabilitation, repair Pigging Pigging Coatings Maintenance and corrosion

Region Focus Middle East Europe Australia North America

DEADLINE 7 November 2014 20 February 2015 24 April 2015 7 August 2015

72 PIPELINES INTERNATIONAL | SEPTEMBER 2014 DON’T MISS AN ISSUE! SUBSCRIBE TODAY

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North America ISSUE 20 MARCH 2014 Piping to greener pastures JUNE 2014 New export horizons ISSUE 19 AUSTRALIA

HDD in NYC the lowdown EVENT EDITION

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