Plant-Based Materials Attract Global Attention!
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2016 No.61 Reporting on Today and Tomorrow’s Energy, Environmental, and Industrial Technologies 1st Featured Article Plant-Based Materials Attract Global Attention! How Cellulose Nanofibers Have Come a Long Way 2nd Featured Article Utilizing Databases to Assist the Development of Solar and Wind Power Generation New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization Directing the Future Contents Perspectives on Future Technologies 02 Directing the Future - Perspectives on Future Technologies Motoko Ishii, Lighting Designer Lessons from the Merits and 04 1st Featured Article Demerits of LEDs Plant-Based Materials Attract Global Motoko Ishii Attention! Lighting Designer How Cellulose Nanofibers Have Come a Long Way Within the last few years, LED lighting has expanded around the world. In 06 The Future of New Materials Created from Japan, it has become commonplace to use LED lighting in new buildings. Non-Edible Biomass Certainly LEDs have numerous benefits, such as reduced power consumption, long lifespan, small form factor, and free dimming control. 08 Integrated Manufacturing of Strong and 2nd Featured Article Light-weight Resins from Woods! 12 In addition, the ability to easily create any color of light by integrating the Progress towards Mass-production by three colors of light red, green, and blue on a single chip is a very attractive Establishing “Kyoto Process” Utilizing Databases to feature. Assist the Development With so many advantages, LED lighting has created new possibilities for 10 Cooperating with Chemical and Paper Manufacturers to End Dependence on us. With such a long lifespan and low power costs in particular, LEDs can Petroleum-Based Chemicals! of Solar and Wind be used in ways that weren't possible before. For example, they can easily be Power Generation used for indirect lighting or be embedded into a shelf. 11 TOPICS However, those merits can become demerits when LEDs are used Functional Materials from the Hardy rubber 16 Understand Better! News Release tree (Eucommia)! Practical Applications Commentary incorrectly. Coming Soon Recently, I feel that the view of Tokyo at night has become hideous. As Development of Basic Technology for the number of high-rise buildings in Tokyo has increased, the skyline has Innovative Storage Batteries to Surpass become a jumble of randomly arranged building blocks. During the day the Lithium-Ion Batteries glare of sunlight obscures the scene, but once night falls the colors begin to After Project Follow Up! shine. Among those lights, numerous bad use cases are revealed. 18 NEDO PROJECT SUCCESS A building with multiple overlapping horizontal lines of blue lights, a STORIES building studded with red and yellow points of light, a building plastered Playback History with a myriad of green horizontal lines… It looks like every one of those Vol 1. Comprehensive Technology buildings has arbitrarily chosen strong colored lights thinking only of how Development Project for the Innovative Low- to make themselves stand out. Motoko Ishii Emissions Next Generation Vehicle As I look up the night sky, I unconsciously feel like screaming, "Ah, I don't A lighting designer who has developed a wide range of lighting installations, want to see this night view!" from urban and architectural lighting 20 NEDO Information to lighting-based performances. Well With LED light sources that have so many advantages that weren't known in both Japan and overseas, Information on Upcoming NEDO Events her major projects include Tokyo Tower, available before, shouldn't we think about how to preserve harmony with Rainbow Bridge, Tokyo Gate Bridge, landscape illuminations in Hakodate our surroundings and explore how to use them in moderation more? Our and Kurashiki, the Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go, Soene Akari Park, and mission in developing technology does not end when it finally enters Kabukiza Theatre. In 2000, she was a Purple Ribbon Medal of Honor recipients, the market, and my hope is that we can build a future where society and and she is currently an advisor for the 2016 Tokyo Organizing Committee of the No.61 technology can work more in unison. Olympic and Paralympic Games. Reporting on Today and Tomorrow’s Energy, Environmental, and Industrial Technology “Focus NEDO” is the public relations magazine of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), introducing the public to NEDO’ s various projects and technology development activities related to energy, environmental and industrial technologies. 02 Focus NEDO 2016 No.61 03 st 1 Featured Article Plant-Based Materials Attract Global Attention! Medical Supplies How Cellulose Nanofibers Have Come a Long Way Many of the products that surround us are composed of materials like resin, which Manufacturing Everyday Items from Plant-Based generally require the use of large amounts of petroleum as a raw material. In collaboration with research institutions and private companies, NEDO is working Materials Contributing to Solving Environmental on research and development of technologies that can enable the substitution of Problems from Our Dependence on Oil Packing plants for petroleum as a source of raw materials. Currently Japan mostly relies on Materials Aircrafts To manufacture products in our daily life such as vehicles, home electric imports for most of its resources, but we can see the prospect of a future as a “plant appliances, and household items, many chemical products including plastics resources superpower” where plant-based materials can contribute to reducing the and synthetic fibers are used. The main source of raw materials for such risks posed by oil depletion and global warming. products right now is petroleum oil. In fact, approximately 23% of the overall consumption of petroleum in Japan is used to produce chemicals. Automobiles However, the use of petroleum is always associated with risks like price fluctuations, and it is well known that if we continue to use petroleum it Consumption of petroleum products by use CO2 emissions in Japan by energy source will eventually be exhausted. Furthermore, in the process of producing chemicals from petroleum the carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted. About 4.5% of overall CO2 emissions come from manufacturing chemicals, and it Aircraft 2.5% Transportation and Others 3.0% Energy conversion sector 7.9% accounts for approximately 13% of the total emissions from the industrial Agriculture, marine vessels forestry and fisheries 2.0% Home Electric sector. Because of these issues, there is a need to review the continued use of 2.7% Electric power Appliances petroleum as a source of raw materials for manufacturing. 5.5% Under this situation, plant-based materials are drawing attention from the Steel Industrial sector Mining and 14.3% world as alternative raw materials for chemical products to petroleum. manufacturing 9.4% In the past, plant-based materials have been used in producing everyday Total consumption of 2 Automobiles Private Total CO emissions Chemicals items such as rubber and scotch tape, but plants including lumbers contain Residential and petroleum 44.7% households 1,144.57 million tons/ 4.5% materials that can be used as raw materials for components used in vehicles commercial 203.076 million kl 33.0% year 9.8% (FY2010) (FY2009) such as aircraft and automobiles, next-generations electronics such as Ceramics and gravels flexible displays and a wide variety of typical commodities. 2.8% Other industries Japan has an abundance of trees, and it is possible to become a resource- 11.3% Machinery 2.6% Chemical materials rich powerhouse if we can produce chemicals from trees. Furthermore, Transportation sector 23.3% plant material is one example of the renewable resource called biomass, so 20.1% Components & Electronic Devices 2 emissions Materials it could also be effectively used to resolve issues such as CO caused from using petroleum. Source: Petroleum Association of Japan “Oil Industry Today 2012” Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies Greenhouse gas emission/absorption database Therefore, NEDO has been working on research and development of technologies for manufacturing chemicals from non-edible plants, which do not compete with plants grown for food. From FY2009 to FY2012, we developed chemical manufacturing processes utilizing non-edible biomass under the “Development of Fundamental Technologies for Green- Global Warming Sustainable Chemical Processes” project. Since FY2013, we’ve been Convert working on the “Technology Development of Manufacturing Processes for Construction Non-edible Plant-derived Chemicals” project. Materials Starting on the next page, we introduce those two projects and their potential future impacts. Resource Exhaustion 04 Focus NEDO 2016 No.61 05 st Featured Article 1Plant-Based Materials Attract Global Attention! Cellulose Nanofiber Implications for Solving Environmental ▶Overview of the “Technology Development of Manufacturing Processes for Non-edible Plant-derived Chemicals ” Project Problems and Creating a Domestic Industry Cellulose Cellulose-derived intermediate ■ Engineering plastic monomer ■ Sasaki: NEDO’s “Technology Development of Manufacturing Engineering plastic Hemicellulose Hemicellulose-derived intermediate ■ The Future of New Processes for Non-edible Plant-derived Chemicals” project was Wood-based biomass Thermoset resin ■ Commodity chemicals launched in FY2013 and since then it has been working on two Lignin Lignin-derived intermediate ■ Materials Created from commissioned projects and two grant projects.