Pex: a Permission Check Analysis Framework for Linux Kernel
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FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy
Kernel Crypto API Cryptographic Module version 1.0 FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy Version 1.3 Last update: 2020-03-02 Prepared by: atsec information security corporation 9130 Jollyville Road, Suite 260 Austin, TX 78759 www.atsec.com © 2020 Canonical Ltd. / atsec information security This document can be reproduced and distributed only whole and intact, including this copyright notice. Kernel Crypto API Cryptographic Module FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy Table of Contents 1. Cryptographic Module Specification ..................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Module Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Modes of Operation ................................................................................................................................. 9 2. Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces ........................................................................................ 10 3. Roles, Services and Authentication ..................................................................................................... 11 3.1. Roles .......................................................................................................................................................11 3.2. Services ...................................................................................................................................................11 -
Storage Administration Guide Storage Administration Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4 Storage Administration Guide Storage Administration Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4 Provides information about how to manage storage devices on a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Publication Date: September 24, 2021 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2021 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its aliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xii 1 Available Documentation xii 2 Giving Feedback xiv 3 Documentation Conventions xiv 4 Product Life Cycle and Support xvi Support Statement for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server xvii • Technology Previews xviii I FILE SYSTEMS AND MOUNTING 1 1 Overview -
Security Assurance Requirements for Linux Application Container Deployments
NISTIR 8176 Security Assurance Requirements for Linux Application Container Deployments Ramaswamy Chandramouli This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8176 NISTIR 8176 Security Assurance Requirements for Linux Application Container Deployments Ramaswamy Chandramouli Computer Security Division Information Technology Laboratory This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8176 October 2017 U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Walter Copan, NIST Director and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology NISTIR 8176 SECURITY ASSURANCE FOR LINUX CONTAINERS National Institute of Standards and Technology Internal Report 8176 37 pages (October 2017) This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8176 Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This p There may be references in this publication to other publications currently under development by NIST in accordance with its assigned statutory responsibilities. The information in this publication, including concepts and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even before the completion of such companion publications. Thus, until each ublication is available free of charge from: http publication is completed, current requirements, guidelines, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. For planning and transition purposes, federal agencies may wish to closely follow the development of these new publications by NIST. -
Course Outline & Schedule
Course Outline & Schedule Call US 408-759-5074 or UK +44 20 7620 0033 Suse Linux Advanced System Administration Curriculum Linux Course Code SLASA Duration 5 Day Course Price $2,425 Course Description This instructor led SUSE Linux Advanced System Administration training course is designed to teach the advanced administration, security, networking and performance tasks required on a SUSE Linux Enterprise system. Targeted to closely follow the official LPI curriculum (generic Linux), this course together with the SUSE Linux System Administration course will enable the delegate to work towards achieving the LPIC-2 qualification. Exercises and examples are used throughout the course to give practical hands-on experience with the techniques covered. Objectives The delegate will learn and acquire skills as follows: Perform administrative tasks with supplied tools such as YaST Advanced network configuration Network troubleshooting and analysing packets Creating Apache virtual hosts and hosting user web content Sharing Windows and Linux resources with SAMBA Configuring a DNS server and configuring DNS logging Configuring a DHCP server and client Sharing Linux network resources with NFS Creating Unit Files Configuring AutoFS direct and indirect maps Configuring a secure FTP server Configuring a SQUID proxy server Creating Btrfs subvolumes and snapshots Backing-up and restoring XFS filesystems Configuring LVM and managing Logical Volumes Managing software RAID Centralised storage with iSCSI Monitoring disk status and reliability with SMART Perpetual -
How SUSE Helps Pave the Road to S/4HANA
White Paper How SUSE Helps Pave the Road to S/4HANA Sponsored by: SUSE and SAP Peter Rutten Henry D. Morris August 2017 IDC OPINION According to SAP, there are now 6,800 SAP customers that have chosen S/4HANA. In addition, many more of the software company's customers still have to make the decision to move to S/4HANA. These customers have to determine whether they are ready to migrate their database for mission-critical workloads to a new database (SAP HANA) and a new application suite (S/4HANA). Furthermore, SAP HANA runs on Linux only, an operating environment that SAP customers may not have used extensively before. This white paper discusses the choices SAP customers have for migrating to S/4HANA on Linux and looks at how SUSE helps customers along the way. SITUATION OVERVIEW Among SAP customers, migration from traditional databases to the SAP HANA in-memory platform is continuing steadily. IDC's Data Analytics Infrastructure (SAP) Survey, November 2016 (n = 300) found that 49.3% of SAP customers in North America are running SAP HANA today. Among those that are not on SAP HANA, 29.9% will be in two to four years and 27.1% in four to six years. The slower adopters say that they don't feel rushed, stating that there's time until 2025 to make the decision, and that their current databases are performing adequately. While there is no specific order that SAP customers need to follow to get to S/4HANA, historically businesses have often migrated to SAP Business Warehouse (BW) on SAP HANA first as BW is a rewarding starting point for SAP HANA for two reasons: there is an instant performance improvement and migration is relatively easy since BW typically does not contain core enterprise data that is business critical. -
Securing Server Applications Using Apparmor TUT-1179
Securing Server Applications Using AppArmor TUT-1179 Brian Six Sales Engineer – SUSE [email protected] 1 Agenda AppArmor Introduction How to interact and configure Demo with simple script Can AppArmor help with containers Final thoughts 2 Intro to AppArmor 3 What is AppArmor? Bad software does what it shouldn’t do Good software does what it should do Secure software does what it should do, and nothing else AppArmor secures the Good and the Bad software 4 What is AppArmor? Mandatory Access Control (MAC) security system Applies policies to Applications Access to files and paths, network functions, system functions 5 What is AppArmor? Dynamic for existing profiled applications Regardless of the “user” the process is running as, the policy can be enforced. Root is no exception. 6 What is AppArmor? 7 Architecture Logging and OS Component Application Alerting AppArmor AppArmor Interface Application Profile AppArmor Linux Kernel 2.6 and later LSM Interface 8 How To Interact And Configure 9 How To Interact With AppArmor Apparmor-Utils First Install package 10 How To Interact With AppArmor Used more often 11 What Do Some Of These Do aa-status: Display aa-genprof : Create aa-logprof: Update aa-complain: Set a aa-enforce: Set a status of profile a profile an existing profile profile in complain profile in enforce enforcement mode mode 12 Common Permissions r – read w – write k – lock ux - unconstrained execute Ux - unconstrained execute – scrub px – discrete profile execute Px - discrete profile execute – scrub ix - inherit execute cx - local security profile l – link a – append m - mmap 13 Profile At-A-Glance https://doc.opensuse.org/documentation/leap/archive/42.3/security/html/book.security/cha.apparmor.profiles.html # a comment about foo's local (children) profile for #include <tunables/global> /usr/bin/foobar. -
Have You Driven an Selinux Lately? an Update on the Security Enhanced Linux Project
Have You Driven an SELinux Lately? An Update on the Security Enhanced Linux Project James Morris Red Hat Asia Pacific Pte Ltd [email protected] Abstract All security-relevant accesses between subjects and ob- jects are controlled according to a dynamically loaded Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) [18] has evolved mandatory security policy. Clean separation of mecha- rapidly over the last few years, with many enhancements nism and policy provides considerable flexibility in the made to both its core technology and higher-level tools. implementation of security goals for the system, while fine granularity of control ensures complete mediation. Following integration into several Linux distributions, SELinux has become the first widely used Mandatory An arbitrary number of different security models may be Access Control (MAC) scheme. It has helped Linux to composed (or “stacked”) by SELinux, with their com- receive the highest security certification likely possible bined effect being fully analyzable under a unified pol- for a mainstream off the shelf operating system. icy scheme. SELinux has also proven its worth for general purpose Currently, the default SELinux implementation com- use in mitigating several serious security flaws. poses the following security models: Type Enforcement (TE) [7], Role Based Access Control (RBAC) [12], While SELinux has a reputation for being difficult to Muilti-level Security (MLS) [29], and Identity Based use, recent developments have helped significantly in Access Control (IBAC). These complement the standard this area, and user adoption is advancing rapidly. Linux Discretionary Access Control (DAC) scheme. This paper provides an informal update on the project, With these models, SELinux provides comprehensive discussing key developments and challenges, with the mandatory enforcement of least privilege, confidential- aim of helping people to better understand current ity, and integrity. -
The Xen Port of Kexec / Kdump a Short Introduction and Status Report
The Xen Port of Kexec / Kdump A short introduction and status report Magnus Damm Simon Horman VA Linux Systems Japan K.K. www.valinux.co.jp/en/ Xen Summit, September 2006 Magnus Damm ([email protected]) Kexec / Kdump Xen Summit, September 2006 1 / 17 Outline Introduction to Kexec What is Kexec? Kexec Examples Kexec Overview Introduction to Kdump What is Kdump? Kdump Kernels The Crash Utility Xen Porting Effort Kexec under Xen Kdump under Xen The Dumpread Tool Partial Dumps Current Status Magnus Damm ([email protected]) Kexec / Kdump Xen Summit, September 2006 2 / 17 Introduction to Kexec Outline Introduction to Kexec What is Kexec? Kexec Examples Kexec Overview Introduction to Kdump What is Kdump? Kdump Kernels The Crash Utility Xen Porting Effort Kexec under Xen Kdump under Xen The Dumpread Tool Partial Dumps Current Status Magnus Damm ([email protected]) Kexec / Kdump Xen Summit, September 2006 3 / 17 Kexec allows you to reboot from Linux into any kernel. as long as the new kernel doesn’t depend on the BIOS for setup. Introduction to Kexec What is Kexec? What is Kexec? “kexec is a system call that implements the ability to shutdown your current kernel, and to start another kernel. It is like a reboot but it is indepedent of the system firmware...” Configuration help text in Linux-2.6.17 Magnus Damm ([email protected]) Kexec / Kdump Xen Summit, September 2006 4 / 17 . as long as the new kernel doesn’t depend on the BIOS for setup. Introduction to Kexec What is Kexec? What is Kexec? “kexec is a system call that implements the ability to shutdown your current kernel, and to start another kernel. -
Addressing Challenges in Automotive Connectivity: Mobile Devices, Technologies, and the Connected Car
2015-01-0224 Published 04/14/2015 Copyright © 2015 SAE International doi:10.4271/2015-01-0224 saepcelec.saejournals.org Addressing Challenges in Automotive Connectivity: Mobile Devices, Technologies, and the Connected Car Patrick Shelly Mentor Graphics Corp. ABSTRACT With the dramatic mismatch between handheld consumer devices and automobiles, both in terms of product lifespan and the speed at which new features (or versions) are released, vehicle OEMs are faced with a perplexing dilemma. If the connected car is to succeed there has to be a secure and accessible method to update the software in a vehicle's infotainment system - as well as a real or perceived way to graft in new software content. The challenge has become even more evident as the industry transitions from simple analog audio systems which have traditionally served up broadcast content to a new world in which configurable and interactive Internet- based content rules the day. This paper explores the options available for updating and extending the software capability of a vehicle's infotainment system while addressing the lifecycle mismatch between automobiles and consumer mobile devices. Implications to the design and cost of factory installed equipment will be discussed, as will expectations around the appeal of these various strategies to specific target demographics. CITATION: Shelly, P., "Addressing Challenges in Automotive Connectivity: Mobile Devices, Technologies, and the Connected Car," SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars – Electron. Electr. Syst. 8(1):2015, doi:10.4271/2015-01-0224. INTRODUCTION be carefully taken into account. The use of app stores is expected to grow significantly in the coming years as automotive OEMs begin to Contemporary vehicle infotainment systems face an interesting explore apps not only on IVI systems, but on other components of the challenge. -
The Linux 2.4 Kernel's Startup Procedure
The Linux 2.4 Kernel’s Startup Procedure William Gatliff 1. Overview This paper describes the Linux 2.4 kernel’s startup process, from the moment the kernel gets control of the host hardware until the kernel is ready to run user processes. Along the way, it covers the programming environment Linux expects at boot time, how peripherals are initialized, and how Linux knows what to do next. 2. The Big Picture Figure 1 is a function call diagram that describes the kernel’s startup procedure. As it shows, kernel initialization proceeds through a number of distinct phases, starting with basic hardware initialization and ending with the kernel’s launching of /bin/init and other user programs. The dashed line in the figure shows that init() is invoked as a kernel thread, not as a function call. Figure 1. The kernel’s startup procedure. Figure 2 is a flowchart that provides an even more generalized picture of the boot process, starting with the bootloader extracting and running the kernel image, and ending with running user programs. Figure 2. The kernel’s startup procedure, in less detail. The following sections describe each of these function calls, including examples taken from the Hitachi SH7750/Sega Dreamcast version of the kernel. 3. In The Beginning... The Linux boot process begins with the kernel’s _stext function, located in arch/<host>/kernel/head.S. This function is called _start in some versions. Interrupts are disabled at this point, and only minimal memory accesses may be possible depending on the capabilities of the host hardware. -
Novell SUSE Linux Package Description and Support Level Information for Contracted Customers and Partners
Novell SUSE Linux Package Description and Support Level Information for Contracted Customers and Partners Definitions and Support Level Descriptions ACC: Additional Customer Contract necessary L1: Installation and problem determination, which means technical support Configuration designed to provide compatibility information, installation assistance, usage support, on-going maintenance and basic troubleshooting. Level 1 Support is not intended to correct product defect errors. L2: Reproduction of problem isolation, which means technical support designed to Potential Issues duplicate customer problems, isolate problem area and provide resolution for problems not resolved by Level 1 Support. L3: Code Debugging and problem resolution, which means technical support designed Patch Provision to resolve complex problems by engaging engineering in resolution of product defects which have been identified by Level 2 Support. Servicelevel Package Short Name Package Description SLES10 SP3 s390x 844-ksc-pcf Korean 8x4x4 Johab Fonts L2 a2ps Converts ASCII Text into PostScript L2 aaa_base SUSE Linux Base Package L3 aaa_skel Skeleton for Default Users L3 aalib An ASCII Art Library L2 aalib-32bit An ASCII Art Library L2 aalib-devel Development Package for AAlib L2 aalib-devel-32bit Development Package for AAlib L2 acct User-Specific Process Accounting L3 acl Commands for Manipulating POSIX Access Control Lists L3 adaptec-firmware Firmware files for Adaptec SAS Cards (AIC94xx Series) L3 agfa-fonts Professional TrueType Fonts L2 aide Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment L2 alsa Advanced Linux Sound Architecture L3 alsa-32bit Advanced Linux Sound Architecture L3 alsa-devel Include Files and Libraries mandatory for Development. L2 alsa-docs Additional Package Documentation. L2 amanda Network Disk Archiver L2 amavisd-new High-Performance E-Mail Virus Scanner L3 amtu Abstract Machine Test Utility L2 ant A Java-Based Build Tool L3 anthy Kana-Kanji Conversion Engine L2 anthy-devel Include Files and Libraries mandatory for Development. -
Kdump, a Kexec-Based Kernel Crash Dumping Mechanism
Kdump, A Kexec-based Kernel Crash Dumping Mechanism Vivek Goyal Eric W. Biederman Hariprasad Nellitheertha IBM Linux NetworkX IBM [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract important consideration for the success of a so- lution has been the reliability and ease of use. Kdump is a crash dumping solution that pro- Kdump is a kexec based kernel crash dump- vides a very reliable dump generation and cap- ing mechanism, which is being perceived as turing mechanism [01]. It is simple, easy to a reliable crash dumping solution for Linux R . configure and provides a great deal of flexibility This paper begins with brief description of what in terms of dump device selection, dump saving kexec is and what it can do in general case, and mechanism, and plugging-in filtering mecha- then details how kexec has been modified to nism. boot a new kernel even in a system crash event. The idea of kdump has been around for Kexec enables booting into a new kernel while quite some time now, and initial patches for preserving the memory contents in a crash sce- kdump implementation were posted to the nario, and kdump uses this feature to capture Linux kernel mailing list last year [03]. Since the kernel crash dump. Physical memory lay- then, kdump has undergone significant design out and processor state are encoded in ELF core changes to ensure improved reliability, en- format, and these headers are stored in a re- hanced ease of use and cleaner interfaces. This served section of memory. Upon a crash, new paper starts with an overview of the kdump de- kernel boots up from reserved memory and pro- sign and development history.