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Home , Common fig, Community orchard, Diospyros virginiana, Drupe, Juglans ailantifolia, Lapins cherry

East Delta Park Community Walk

LEARNING LANDSCAPES East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk 2015 Learning Landscapes Program

Site data collected in Spring 2015.

Written by: Kat Davidson, Karl Dawson, Angie DiSalvo, Jim Gersbach, Jeremy Grotbo and Lindsay Peterson Portland Parks & Recreation Urban 503-823-TREE @portlandoregon.gov http://portlandoregon.gov/parks/learninglandscapes

Cover photos (from top left to bottom right): 1) The swollen rachis "" of a Japanese raisin tree. 2) Brightly-colored persica fl owers. 3) A sweet tree in fl ower in its native range. 4) Emerging European . 5) A harvest of Italian and Asian from the orchard. 6) Brightly colored ready for picking. 7) The unusual fruits of an Illinois Everbearing mulberry. 8) Cornelian dogwood . ver. 6/19/2015

Portland Parks & Recreation 1120 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 1302 Portland, Oregon 97204 (503) 823-PLAY Commissioner Amanda Fritz www.PortlandParks.org Director Mike Abbaté The Learning Landscapes Program

East Delta Park Community Orchard The East Delta Park Community Orchard was initated as part of the Learning Landscapes Program in April 2010 with a planting of 55 fruit and trees native to regions all over the world that grow in the Pacifi c Northwest. This tree walk identifi es trees planted by numerous volunteers for the purpose of enriching the community with a delicious and educational experience. What is a Community Orchard? A community orchard is planted and cared for by volunteers and Portland Parks & Recreation (PP&R) staff. Community offer an outdoor educational experience for anyone wishing to learn how to grow their own fruits and nuts in this climate, as well as provide aesthetic benefi ts to the neighborhood. This community orchard contains a diverse assemblage of tree and designed to teach the community about tree identifi cation, biology, and appropriate trees for personal planting.

Community Involvement Community-building is crucial to the success of any Work parties are organized throughout Learning Landscape. PP&R worked with Urban the year during which knowledgeable Forestry Neighborhood Tree Stewards and other community members to design, and establish individuals share their tree experience this orchard, and volunteers are involved in its and skills with the community, and continued care and maintenance. depending on the , those involved Continued Hands-on Learning in the work parties may take home a Opportunities share of the harvest. The community orchard is used to provide opportunities to learn about proper tree care such as techniques, weeding, mulching, and watering needs. Work parties are organized throughout the year during which knowledgeable individuals share their tree experience and skills with the community, and depending on the season, those involved in the work parties may take home a share of the harvest.

How can I get involved? Visit http://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/ learninglandscapes for volunteer opportunities or to view tree maps in other neighborhoods.

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Learning Landscapes 20 Feet orchard tree http://portlandoregon.gov/parks/learninglandscapes ¯ East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk

Tree # Common Name Scientifi c Name Tree # Common Name Scientifi c Name ailantifolia Eleagnus 1 heartnut cordiformis 21 Gem goumi multifl ora Franquette 'Red Gem' 2 English 'Franquette' Eleagnus 22 Sweet Scarlet goumi multifl ora Manregion Juglans regia 3 'Sweet Scarlet' English walnut 'Manregion' Aurora Italian Prunus x 23 4 European 'Aurora' European domestica 'Italian' domestica Prunus x 24 Williams Pride apple 'Williams Pride' Imperial Epineuse domestica 5 Montmorency pie European plum 'Imperial 25 Epineuse' cherry 'Montmorency' Malus domestica Amere de Berthcourt 26 6 'Amere de 'Lapins' apple Berthcourt' 27 common fi g carica Prunus x Bavay's Gage 28 Castanea spp. 7 domestica European plum Asimina triloba 'Bavay's Gage' 29 Prolifi c paw paw 'Prolifi c' Yellow cornelian Cornus mas 8 Lang jujube or jujuba cherry dogwood 'Yellow' 30 Chinese date 'Lang' Malus domestica Ficus carica 9 Spartan apple 31 Italian fi g 'Spartan' 'Lattarula' Meader American x Sorbopyrus 10 32 Baby virginiana 'Meader' auricularis 'Baby' Prunus dulcis Prunus x 11 Prima sweet almond Early Laxton 'Prima' 33 domestica European plum Yamhill European 'Early Laxton' 12 or fi lbert 'Yamhill' 34 Korean Elegant cornelian Cornus mas Rescue Pyrus communis 13 35 cherry dogwood 'Elegant' European pear 'Rescue' Malus domestica Aurora Pyrus communis 14 Hidden Rose apple 36 'Hidden Rose' European pear 'Aurora' Prunus avium 15 Compact Stella Prunus avium 'Rainier' 37 cherry 'Compact Stella' Nikita's Gift Diospyros x 16 Ficus carica Asian persimmon 'Nikita's Gift' 38 Stella fi g 'Stella' Prunus dulcis 17 Oracle sweet almond Prunus persica 'Oracle' 39 Kreibich nectarine 'Kreibich' Santiam European Corylus avellana 18 hazel or fi lbert 'Santiam' 40 Japanese raisin tree Hovenia dulcis Asimina triloba Asimina triloba 19 Sunfl ower paw paw 41 Davis paw paw 'Sunfl ower' 'Davis' Li jujube or Illinois Everbearing Morus spp. 'Illinois 20 Ziziphus jujuba 'Li' 42 Chinese date mulberry Everbearing'

Portland Parks & Recreation 1 Tree # Common Name Scientifi c Name appear simultaneously with the budding of . Dark-green leaves are ovate with serrate edges, Prunus avium 43 are slightly hairy underneath, and alternately arranged 'North Star' along branches. Fruit of Amere de Berthcourt has x Sorbopyrus 44 Dwarf shipova greenish-yellow skin with a pink blush and white fl esh. auricularis 'Dwarf' Apple scab disease is prevalent unless sprayed, and is Cydonia oblonga 45 Smyrna diagnosed by black spots on the fruits and foliage. This 'Smyrna' variety requires another nearby for cross-. 46 Italian Pinus pinea Aurora European pear, Pyrus communis ‘Aurora’ 47 Shinseiki Asian pear 'Shinseiki' Origin: - a of a species native to Europe Large Korean Pyrus pyrifolia 48 Asian pear 'Large Korean' Known as the European Pyrus pyrifolia Pear or common pear, Pyrus 49 Shin Li Asian pear 'Shin Li' communis is the species from which most orchard pear Bartlett Pyrus communis 50 European pear 'Bartlett' cultivars are grown in Europe, North America and . Prunus persica 51 Q1-8 white is thought to 'Q1-8' P. communis be descended from two 52 Japanese raisin tree Hovenia dulcis subspecies of wild pears, and Asimina triloba 53 paw paw was harvested in the wild long 'Mango' before . This tree grows to 15’ tall with a wide canopy spread, and bears fruit 3 years 54 Breda Giant medlar germanica 'Breda after planting. Simple, entire leaves to 3" in length Giant' and 1 ½" wide. When mature, leaves are dark green, glossy, and pointed at the tip, turning a vibrant deep Tree Facts, A to Z purple in autumn. Fragrant pinkish-white fl owers with gold centers and purple anthers grow in clusters of up Amere de Berthcourt apple, to fi ve. The characteristic pear-shaped fruit is bright Malus domestica ‘Amere de Berthcourt’ yellow when ripe, distinguishing it from other varieties. It is best picked when still fi rm and bletted (ripened off Origin: - a cultivar of an ancient hybrid species the tree). This variety requires another European pear The most common apple for cross-pollination. commercially grown throughout North Baby shipova, x Sorbopyrus auricularis ‘Baby’ America, Malus domestica Origin: Europe - Alsace, was introduced into the by European The Shipova is a hybrid between the European colonists, and now exists as pear (Pyrus communis) and the common some 7,500 cultivars. Amere ( aria), fi rst arising in France before 1619. This de Berthcourt is a French hybridization produces fruit that tastes similar to an variety cultivated for its taste Asian pear, but rarely produces any viable making and ability to make sweet propagation by the only form of reproduction or alcoholic cider, and is for the shipova. Baby is a small cultivar reaching only popular in many European cider orchards. The trees 8’ in height and bearing fruit 2-3 years after planting. reach up to 12’ with a spreading canopy bearing fruit The deciduous leaves are alternate, simple and ovate, three years after planting. reach 1 ½ inches growing to 3" long and 2" wide. Flowers are similar across, are white and mildly fragrant with fi ve petals. to other fl owers within the family, with fi ve

2 Learning Landscapes – East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk petals and white in color. The fruit is a with yellowish-green, with golden fl esh. Fruits are round yellow-orange skin color and a pear shape. This is or ovate in shape, with a shallow running a very early-bearing, self-fertile cultivar, producing down one side and remain on the tree for weeks after abundant fruit without another cultivar nearby. fruit has ripened. Prunus x domestica is occasionally bothered by bacterial canker, the symptoms of Bartlett European pear, Pyrus communis ‘Bartlett’ which include exudations of amber-colored sap from damaged trunks or branches. This cultivar is partially Origin: Europe - a cultivar of a species native to Europe self-fertile, producing best when planted with another The European pear is the species from which most variety for cross-pollination. common pears are cultivated, with Bartlett being the most commercially available throughout North Breda Giant medlar, America. Historically, they were harvested in the ‘Breda Giant’ wild throughout Europe long before becoming domesticated, appearing in written work as early Origin: Asia, Europe - a cultivar of a species native as 350 BC. Bartlett has a pyramidal growth habit to southwest Asia and southeastern Europe, especially and vertical branching, reaching a height of 12’ and Bulgaria and bearing fruit three years after planting. The deciduous The common medlar leaves are simple, entire and pointed at the tip, is thought to have been reaching 3" long and 1 ½" wide. Leaves remain dark cultivated for the past 3,000 green and glossy throughout the growing season, years throughout Europe and turning deep purple in autumn before dropping. southwest Asia. Breda Giant is Showy white fl owers with purple anthers grow in a self-fertile variety cultivated thick clusters, and are followed by large, golden- in Holland, and is a small tree yellow fruit. Fruit should be picked prior to becoming growing to 8’ and bearing fully ripe, and bletted (ripened off-tree). If allowed three years after planting. to fall, fruit often becomes bruised and quickly rots. is greyish-brown with Bartlett requires another European or Asian pear deep vertical cracks. Simple, variety for cross-pollination. ovate leaves are densely hairy underneath, remaining green throughout the growing season before turning Bavay’s Gage European plum, red in autumn and dropping. White fl owers with fi ve Prunus x domestica ‘Bavay’s Gage’ petals give way to the reddish-brown medlar fruit, reaching 1-2 inches across. Fruits do not fully ripen Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to western Asia, until after a process of , in which the fall frost in the Caucus mountains adjacent to the Caspian Sea. begins breaking down cell walls and increasing European plums, also known content. Once softening begins, the skin rapidly takes as plums, are the most on a wrinkled texture and turns dark brown with commonly grown plums the inside reducing to a consistency of applesauce. world-wide. Forming a large Softened, ripe fruit often looks as if it has spoiled, or small tree, Bavay’s and thus reduces the shelf life of this fruit to a mere Gage reaches 12’ tall and couple of days, making it most useful in preserves. bears fruit 2-3 years after planting. The deciduous chestnut, Castanea spp. leaves form clusters when Origin: Unknown young, spreading out in an alternating pattern with There are 8-9 species spread across Eurasia to North age. Leaves grow to 3" in length and 1" wide, are America. Leaves are long and thin with serrated ovate-shaped, and have minutely toothed edges. edges. Trees are wind pollinated, producing cream- Small, white blossoms are ½" across have fi ve petals colored in early summer, followed by spiny and numerous stamens. The skin of mature fruit is husks containing edible nuts.

Portland Parks & Recreation 3 common fi g, Ficus carica and like other cherry varieties, Compact Stella is susceptible to bacterial canker. Origin: Asia - Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, , Pakistan, , Azerbaijan, Armenia, Davis paw paw, Asimina triloba ‘Davis’ Republic of Georgia, southern Russia Origin: North America - a cultivar of a species native from The only fi g tree reliably hardy outdoors in Portland north to New York and west to and Nebraska is the common fi g, Ficus carica. Grown since ancient times, the common fi g has spread far beyond its This variety was named after west Asian homeland, where it grows wild in dry and Michigan pioneer of pawpaw sunny areas from sea level to 5,500’ wherever the soil popularity, Corvin Davis. is deep enough and well drained. Figs grow 20’ to It grows to 15’ and bears 35’ tall. Like all fi gs, Ficus carica requires a particular after three years. In nature, species of wasp ( psenes) to produce seeds. clonal suckers form a thicket Fruits are green, with pinkish-purple fl esh. The plant of in the understory. can tolerate seasonal drought, and a Mediterranean Simple, alternate, and spirally arranged leaves grow climate is especially suitable. Old specimens can reach to 12" long and 5" across, drooping down from the a considerable size and form a large, dense shade tree. Leaves are dark green throughout the growing tree. Common fi g trees grow well in river valleys and season, turning yellow in autumn before falling. When ravines. Fig trees create habitat for many animals that bruised, they give off a foul smell. Flowers are brown- shelter in the shade of its large, deeply lobed leaves purple, growing to 2" across and facing downward. during intense heat. These leaves can grow up to 10" Davis produces some of the largest pawpaw fruit, each across and contain chemicals which can accelerate reaching nearly one pound. The cylindrical fruit has sunburning of skin so take care when handling. green skin and yellow pulp full of big seeds, growing in clusters with as many as nine individual fruits together. Compact , Like other pawpaws, the large fruit is a favorite Prunus avium ‘Compact Stella’ of many animals, including raccoons. The larvae of the zebra swallowtail butterfl y feed exclusively on young Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native to leaves. This variety requires another variety of A. triloba Europe, , and Western Asia for cross-pollination. The common cherry is also known as sweet cherry, wild Dwarf shipova, x Sorbopyrus auricularis ‘Dwarf’ cherry, and bird cherry, and has Origin: Europe - Alsace, France had numerous other historical names. All parts of the plant Shipova is an intergenetic hybrid, often known as the except for the ripe fruit are Bollwiller pear, fi rst arising at Bollwiller in Alsace, slightly toxic if eaten, as they France before 1619. The hybridization process renders contain cyanogenic . the shipova nearly sterile, only rarely producing any The tree has very straight, viable seeds, so is mostly propagated through grafting. upright growth that reaches Like its name suggests, Dwarf Shipova is a small- 12’ in height with a broad, spreading canopy and statured cultivar reaching 6-8’ in height and bearing bearing fruit within a year or two after planting. Bark fruit 2-3 years after planting. The deciduous leaves are is smooth and purplish-brown, with hard, reddish- alternate, simple, and ovate, reaching 3 inches long brown that is valued for making cabinets, and 2" wide. Flowers are small, white, and fi ve-petaled, instruments, or cooking food. Leaves 3 to 6" in length resembling other fl owers within the Rosaceae family. and 2 to 3" wide are alternate, ovate, and have serrate The fruit of shipova tastes similar to an Asian pear edges. Small red glands can be seen at the base of and has a similar shape but is smaller in size. This is a each . Flowers are small, white, and 5-petaled and very early-bearing, and self-fertile cultivar, producing are borne in clusters. Compact Stella fruit is large and abundant fruit without the need for pollination from almost black in color. This is a self-fertile cultivar, another cultivar nearby.

4 Learning Landscapes – East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk Early Laxton European plum, and tastes best when ripened off the tree. Fruit is Prunus x domestica ‘Early Laxton’ often used to make jams or sauces, and is very high in C. Elegant requires another variety for Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to western Asia, successful cross-pollination. in the Caucus mountains adjacent to the Caspian Sea. Early Laxton is a variety originating in the United Franquette English walnut, Kingdom in the early 1900’s and is the earliest to Juglans regia ‘Franquette’ ripen of the European plums. It grows to a height Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native from southwest of 12’ and bears fruit three years after planting. The across the Himalayas and Iran to the southern deciduous leaves are ovate, growing to 3" long and ; most common in Kyrgyzstan 1" wide, and contain minutely serrate edges. When young, leaves have a reddish tint, turning green with Franquette is an old French cultivar, and is the last age and are slightly hairy on both sides. Flowers reach English Walnut variety to leaf out in the spring as ½ inch across, blooming white in early Spring. Each well as the last to fl ower. Consequently, it often misses fl ower has fi ve petals and many stamens, giving way to the pollen shed by other varieties, so planting another light green, immature fruit resembling unripe cherry late fl owering variety will promote pollination. fruits. Fruit is ovate or spherical in shape, smooth- Franquette is very large, growing to 90’ and bearing skinned, and contains a shallow groove running down 3-5 years after planting. Leaves are compound, one side. When mature, this variety produces reddish- containing 7-9 alternate leafl ets growing to 6" long, orange freestone fruit, making it an ideal cultivar for with the terminal leafl et being the largest. Leaves are fresh eating. Flesh of the fruit is amber-colored and smooth and aromatic when bruised. When young, fi rm. Like other European plums, Early Laxton is a the bark is smooth and -brown, becoming gray partially self-fertile cultivar that produces best when and cracked with age. Male and female fl owers grow planted with another variety. separately, each in clusters, with male fl owers forming yellow-green drooping catkins 2-4" long. Walnut Elegant cornelian cherry dogwood, fruit contains a semi-fl eshy husk covering a brown, Cornus mas ‘Elegant’ corrugated nut. When ripe, the whole fruit falls from the tree. It is a terminal bearer, which distinguishes Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native across Franquette from other varieties, and is the most central and from France to Ukraine blight resistant English walnut. and south into , Turkey, , Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran heartnut, cordiformis Cornus mas is a species of Origin: Asia - plant in the dogwood family, unrelated to the common Heartnut is a variety of the native Japanese walnut cherry despite its name. This tree, Juglans ailantifolia. Similar to other walnut trees, deciduous shrub or small tree the produce allelopathic chemicals that are grows to 10’ and bears fruit toxic to some neighboring , especially apples three years after planting. and certain pine species. This deciduous tree grows Bark and branches are dark brown with greenish slowly to 30’, and begins bearing after 4 to 5 years. twigs. The wood of C. mas is extremely dense, and Its tropical-looking leaves are pinnately compound unlike the wood of most other woody species, it sinks with each leafl et reaching 5" in length and 2" across. in water, making it valuable material for crafting . Whole leaves are covered in small hairs, and are a Delicate, yellow fl owers appear in clusters very early somewhat brighter, yellow-green color than most before leaves emerge, each with four petals. Leaves deciduous foliage. Male fl owers are inconspicuous are opposite, with an oblong, ovate shape turning yellow-green catkins that emerge around the same vibrant shades of yellow and red in autumn. Dark time as leaves, and female fl owers have pinkish-red red, pear-shaped fruit ripens in late summer, each centers. The fruit is a nut, named for its characteristic containing a single . Unripe fruit is astringent, heart-shape, and are produced in bunches of four

Portland Parks & Recreation 5 to 10. Nuts are encased in a walnut-type shell and (heart-shaped). During the growing season, foliage covered by a light green, smooth husk reaching 1 ½ is green, turning yellow in autumn before dropping. inches in diameter. Heartnut is partially self-fertile, Male fl owers are clustered in drooping catkins. Small producing heavier with another tree nearby. greenish female fl owers give way to hard, white that turn black when ripe and resemble elongated Hidden Rose apple, growing to 1½" long. Upon ripening, Malus domestica ‘Hidden Rose’ berries drop from the tree and easily stain surfaces such as sidewalks, cars, and decks. Botanically, the fruit is not Origin: Asia - a cultivar of an ancient hybrid species a , but a collection of many tiny, swollen The domestica species is the most widely grown like that of . species in the genus Malus, with China producing about half of the world’s apples. It originated in Imperial Epineuse European plum, Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, Prunus x domestica ‘Imperial Epineuse’ is still found and harvested today. M. domestica was Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to western Asia, brought to North America by European colonists, in the Caucus mountains adjacent to the Caspian Sea. and its 7,500 varieties are now widely cultivated. This deciduous tree reaches a height of 12’ and has Historically the most commonly grown plum in a broad, spreading canopy. Dark green leaves are Europe, Prunus x domestica is now widely grown alternately arranged, ovate with serrate margins, and world-wide, the fruits of which are often commercially have slightly hairy undersides. Blossoms in spring sold as . Imperial Epineuse is a popular French occur simultaneously with the budding of leaves. variety originating in the year 1870. This deciduous Flowers are 1-1/2" across, white, mildly fragrant, and shrub or tree grows to 12’ and bears fruit three years grow in clusters. Fruit of Hidden Rose has yellow after planting. Young leaves have a reddish tint, turning skin with a light blush, and has characteristic reddish- dark green and glossy during the growing season pink fl esh throughout, making this a very decorative and are slightly hairy underneath. Mature leaves are fruit. Like many apple cultivars, this variety is ovate, grow to 2" long and 1" wide, and have minutely susceptible to apple scab disease, and requires serrate edges. Small, white fl owers ½" across bloom another variety nearby for cross-pollination. in early spring in clusters, each containing fi ve petals and numerous stamens. Fruit is oval or spherical Illinois Everbearing mulberry, with a shallow groove running down one side, borne Morus x ‘Illinois Everbearing’ individually or in clusters. When immature, this smooth-skinned fruit is light green, turning reddish- Origin: Asia, North America - a cultivar of a hybrid of purple with fi rm yellow fl esh when ripe. This is a two species: M. alba from Asia and M. rubra from North partially self-fertile cultivar, producing best when America planted near another variety for cross-pollination. This hybrid variety of white mulberry and red mulberry Italian European plum, Prunus x domestica ‘Italian’ originated in Illinois around Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to western Asia, the year 1947. It received its in the Caucus mountains adjacent to the Caspian Sea. name Illinois Everbearing from its continuous ripening Prunus x domestica includes many varieties of commonly of berries from late June cultivated plums, though not all plums belong to this through late September. The species. It is thought to have been brought to North tree matures to a height and America by Spanish missionaries and English colonists canopy width of 40’, with and is now widely grown world-wide. P. domestica is a a rounded and spreading crown. It is a fully self- deciduous shrub or tree, reaching a height of 12’ when fertile cultivar, bearing fruit two or three years after mature, and bearing fruit three years after planting. planting. Leaves are alternate, serrate, and cordate Young leaves have a red coloration, turning green with

6 Learning Landscapes – East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk age and slightly hairy on both sides. Leaves reach 3" came to be used for all similar trees and eventually in length and 1" wide, are ovate in shape and have the genus Pinus itself. Grows 35’ to 60’ tall and 35’ to minutely-toothed edges. Small, white blossoms ½" 45’ wide. The bark on mature trees is reddish-brown across form clusters in early spring, each containing and deeply fi ssured. Needles 5 to 8" long are borne in fi ve petals and numerous stamens. Italian produces bundles of two. The brown cones are up to 6" long and a sweet, dark-purple freestone plum fruit, making it contain large, edible seeds. As a result, Italian stone ideal for fresh eating. They are ovate or spherical in have been planted around the Mediterranean shape with a shallow groove running down one side. as a commercial . These trees are very tolerant of Flesh of the fruit is amber colored and fi rm. Italian is drought and clay or sandy soils. partially self-fertile, producing best when planted with another European plum variety. Japanese raisin tree, Hovenia dulcis Origin: Asia - , China, Japan and above 3,000’ in Italian honey fi g, Ficus carica ‘Lattarulla’ Thailand Origin: Asia - cultivar of a species widespread in Central An oval-shaped deciduous Asia, Asia Minor and the broadleaf tree rising to 30’ Popular in the Pacifi c (occasionally to 40’) with Northwest, the Lattarulla a spread of about 20’. Not variety of fi g was promoted common in Portland, this by a Portland nurseryman fast-growing tree is relatively starting in the 1920s. He’d pest and disease free and offers experimented with scores clean, attractive foliage all of varieties before choosing summer. Deep green leaves Lattarulla because it ripened are 4-6” long by 3-5” wide. well in the cool Northwest However, fall color is virtually non-existent. Cream- and tasted sweet. Lattarulla colored to greenish-white fl owers appear in summer is a short, sprawling tree with large, glossy, deeply and are not especially showy but reportedly are lobed green leaves. It produces two crops each year - a fragrant. These are followed by the small fruits. The smaller early crop and the main crop in late summer structure holding the fruits (called a rachis) tastes to autumn. The sweet-tasting fi gs have greenish- sweet and is eaten raw or cooked. The fl avor of the yellow skin with honey-colored interiors. The fruit rachis when dried gives rise to the tree’s common can be eaten fresh, dried, or used in preserves. Figs do name in English. In Asia, the wood of this tree is used not continue to ripen after they are picked, so only for making furniture and in construction. The Chinese harvest when fully ripe, when the fruit will feel slightly name for the tree is bei zhi ju. soft. Use within two or three days of picking, as the fruit doesn’t keep well either. Exercise caution when Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis handling the leaves or pruning fi g trees as the sap contains a substance that is irritating to skin, Origin: Asia - native to Korea, northern China, far eastern making it more prone to sunburn. Russia and central Honshu in Japan Korean pine is a popular ornamental for parks Italian stone pine, Pinus pinea and where the climate is extremely cold, such as eastern Canada and New England. Reportedly Origin: Europe - , southern France, , , hardy down to a bone-chilling -50 °F, it grows steady Greece if slowly on a wide range of sites. The seeds are Ancient Romans and other Mediterranean peoples extensively harvested and sold as pine nuts, particularly grew this conifer for its edible nuts and its broad, in China; it is the most widely traded in umbrella-like canopy. The tree defi nes the Italian international commerce. The nut oil contains 11.5% landscape, especially around , and its name of the unusual fatty acid pinolenic acid. Trees begin

Portland Parks & Recreation 7 producing nuts at seven to 10 years of age. Korean after planting, Lang has more upright growth than pine has been over-exploited in much of its range, the similar cultivar, Li. Flowers are small, yellow, and but is now used widely in reforestation, especially in scented. Leaves have an ovate shape, and are glossy NE China. Its timber is light, soft, straight-grained green above and slightly hairy on the underside, with and easy to work with in and . It is three distinct parallel veins reaching a bluntly pointed also decay resistant and is used for telephone poles, tip. Pairs of spines to 2" long form at the base of each railway sleepers, wooden bridges, and boats, as well leaf. Immature fruit is green and smooth, turning as fl ooring, and veneers. It is chipped for and wrinkled when ripe, resembling a date. particleboard or pulped for paper. is extracted Ripened fruit is large and pear-shaped, reaching 1½" from wood pulp to produce turpentine. long, distinguishing it from Li’s small, egg-shaped fruit. Lang is partially self-fertile, and does best when Kreibich nectarine, Prunus persica ‘Kreibich’ planted with another variety for cross-pollination. Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to Northwest Lapins cherry, Prunus avium ‘Lapins’ China, in the region between the Tarim Basin and the north slopes of the Kunlun Shan mountains Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native to Europe, Anatolia, Maghreb and Western Asia This unique white-fl esh nectarine was discovered by The common cherry, Prunus avium, is also known Roland Kreibich in western as sweet cherry, wild cherry and bird cherry, among Washington. Genetically others. Care should be taken when handling the tree as speaking, it is the same species all parts of the plant but the ripe fruit are slightly toxic as the peach, but they are if ingested. Introduced at the Summerland Research often commercially regarded Station in Canada, Lapins has upright growth with as separate species. A reliable a symmetrical, conical crown, reaching 15’ in height producer of bright red, sweet and bearing fruit three years after planting. Bark is and delicious, smooth-skinned fruit, Kreibich is the purplish-brown and smooth, with hard, reddish-brown only peach leaf curl resistant nectarine currently wood highly valued for . Leaves grow known. The fruit is a with the fl esh enclosing 3-6" long and 2-3" wide and are alternately arranged the large, furrowed stone. It is self-fertile, bearing with serrate edges and an ovate shape. Two small red fruit two to three years after planting and reaching glands can be seen at the base of each leaf. Similar to 12’ in height at maturity. Flowers are pink with fi ve other Prunus blossoms, fl owers are small, white, fi ve- petals, and are produced before the leaves have fully petaled and borne in clusters. Lapins has large, dark emerged. Leaves are broad lanceolate to 6" long, and purple fruit. This self-fertile cultivar is susceptible to are pinnately veined. Bark is smooth, dark reddish- bacterial canker unless sprayed. brown in color, becoming quite rough in older trees. Although its botanical name, Prunus persica, refers Large Korean Asian pear, to Persia, DNA analysis has confi rmed an origin in Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Large Korean’ Northwestern China. Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to China Lang jujube or Chinese date, Also known as Korean Giant or Olympic, this cultivar Ziziphus jujuba ‘Lang’ of Asian pear is a deciduous tree growing to 12’ tall and bearing fruit one to two years after planting. It Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to China is a very late-ripening variety, with fruit that keeps Ziziphus jujuba originated in China where it has well into the winter in storage. Small white fl owers been cultivated for more than 4,000 years, now emerge before leaves are fully expanded. Leaves are commercially grown in other parts of Asia, Europe, alternate and simple, reaching a length of 4" with a and North America. A small, deciduous tree dark green color throughout the growing season that reaching 10’ at maturity and bearing three years turns a deep yellow in autumn. Large Korean fruit is

8 Learning Landscapes – East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk exceptionally enormous, growing to the size and shape purple-brown with a velvety texture, growing to 2" of a grapefruit and often weighing more than a pound. across and facing downward. The large, cylindrical Skin of the fruit is dark brown, and russet (spotted fruit grows to 6" long with yellow fl esh and thin skin. brown, rough textured). Large fruit is best borne when Many wild animals including raccoons, enjoy feasting clusters are thinned. Korean Giant requires another on this delectable fruit. The larvae of the zebra variety nearby for cross-pollination. swallowtail butterfl y feed exclusively on its young leaves. Mango requires another variety of A. triloba for Li jujube or Chinese date, Ziziphus jujuba ‘Li’ cross-pollination. Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to China Manregion English walnut, Often called the Chinese Juglans regia ‘Manregion’ date, Z. jujuba is widely cultivated throughout the Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native from southwest world for the fruit resembling China across the Himalayas and Iran to the southern a date with its sweet taste and Balkans; most common in Kyrgyzstan chewy texture. Li reaches This hardy variety of English 10’ tall at maturity, with a Walnut is partially self-fertile, broader canopy than Lang. and a heavy producer of Flowers are small, yellow, large, thin shelled and easy and scented. Leaves are ovate to crack nuts. It is a smaller to elliptic, and grow up to 3" long and 2" wide. They variety, growing 35-40’ tall and are glossy green on top, and slightly hairy underneath bearing fruit four years after with three distinct veins running parallel from the planting. Leaves are compound, base to the bluntly pointed tip. Each leaf is protected containing 7-9 alternate leafl ets by two spines emerging from their base, reaching 2" growing to 6" long, with the in length. Young fruit is green and smooth, ripening to terminal leafl et being the largest. a mahogany color with wrinkled skin. Mature fruit is Leaves are smooth and aromatic when bruised. Bark about the size and shape of a small egg, and contains is smooth and olive-brown when young, becoming a small, almost imperceptible seed, distinguishing it gray and fi ssured with age. Male fl owers are yellow- from Lang’s larger pear-shaped fruit. This is a partially green and clustered in drooping catkins 2-4" long. self-fertile cultivar, most productive with another Female fl owers are borne separately on the same plant, variety for cross-pollination. growing in clusters. Walnut fruit contains a semi- fl eshy husk covering a brown, corrugated nut. When Mango paw paw, Asimina triloba ‘Mango’ ripe, the whole fruit falls from the tree. Unlike other pinnate-leaved trees, the pith of walnut trees contains Origin: North America - a cultivar of a species native to chambered air spaces that are visible when a twig is Florida north to New York and west to Texas and Nebraska split in half. A variety derived out of the state of Georgia, Mango received its name due to its similarity in fl avor to Meader American persimmon, mango fruit. At maturity, this tree reaches 15’ and ‘Meader’ bears fruit 2-3 years after planting. The large leaves are simple, alternate, and spirally arranged along the Origin: North America - a cultivar of a species native to the branches. When fully mature, they can reach up to eastern USA 12" long and 5" across, and are dark green throughout This American persimmon cultivar is dioecious the growing season, turning a vibrant yellow in (separate male and female trees), but is self-fertile so autumn before dropping from the tree. Leaves does not require pollination for fruit development characteristically droop down from the branches, and on female trees. Meader produces seedless fruit if give off a foul odor when bruised. Flowers are a dark fl owers are not pollinated. A deciduous tree, Meader

Portland Parks & Recreation 9 typically grows to 30’ in height. Dark green foliage a vibrant and decorative orange-yellow in autumn. throughout the growing season turns vibrant shades Produces fruit that is orange in color and astringent of red and yellow in the fall, giving it superior until fully ripe. When fi rst forming, fruits are attached ornamental qualities. Fruit is quite astringent, to twigs in clusters, so thinning may help to yield larger grows to 2" in diameter, and is one of the earliest fruits. Ripe fruits turn reddish-orange and grow to 3” persimmons to bear ripened fruit in the fall. They are in diameter with a rather fl attened shape resembling smooth-skinned and orange in color. Ripe fruits are a tomato, remaining on the tree long after leaves have too soft for transport, and generally do not keep for been shed. Trees follow the smaller growth habit of D. more than a few days unless dried. Upon ripening, kaki, reaching 12’ in height and canopy width. Nikita’s fruits are exceptionally sweet and often used in Gift is self-fertile, often producing seedless fruit. syrups, jellies, ice creams, and other sweets. North Star cherry, Prunus avium 'North Star' Montmorency pie cherry, Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native to Prunus cerasus ‘Montmorency’ Europe, Anatolia, Maghreb and Western Asia Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native to North Star has a slightly more much of Europe and southwest Asia bitter taste than other Known as sour cherry or wild and so is most commonly used cherry, Prunus cerasus is native to in baking pies. Also known as much of Europe and southwest wild cherry and bird cherry. Care Asia, and originally planted in should be taken when handling the Americas by Massachusetts the tree as all parts of the plant colonists. It is thought to have except for the ripe fruit contain originated as a natural hybrid toxic defensive compounds that between P. avium and P. fruticosa, may be harmful if ingested. This is a small-statured with fruit that is more acidic cultivar reaching a height of 8’ with a broad, spreading than the more common sweet cherry. The tree has canopy, and bearing fruit three years after planting. upright growth with a conical crown, reaching 12’ in Cherry wood is highly valued for its reddish-brown height and bearing fruit three years after planting. wood ideal in making cabinets, instruments, and for Like P. avium, the hard wood is highly valued in cooking food. Leaves reach 3-6" in length and 3" in making cabinets and instruments, with a reddish- width. Leaves are alternately arranged, ovate, and have brown color. Leaves grow 3-6" long and 2-3" wide, serrate edges. A distinguishing characteristic of cherries are alternately arranged, and have an ovate shape are two small, red glands found at the base of each leaf. with serrate edges. Flowers are small, white, 5-petaled Similar to other Rosaceae fl owers, cherry fl owers are and grow in clusters. Montmorency is the most small, white, and fi ve-petaled. North Star fruit is large popular variety of sour cherry and best for cherry with bright red skin and red fl esh. It is a self-fertile pies, with its bright red, tart fruit and clear juice. This cultivar and may be susceptible to bacterial canker. self-fertile cultivar is susceptible to bacterial canker. Oracle sweet almond, Prunus dulcis ‘Oracle’ Nikita’s Gift Asian persimmon, Syn. Prunus amygdalus ‘Oracle’ Diospyros x ‘Nikita’s Gift’ Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to the Origin: Asia-North America - a hybrid between the North Mediterranean region of the , eastward as far as American species Diospyros virginiana and a species northwest D. kaki native to Asia, This cultivar originating at the Nikita Botanic Garden This hybrid variety of Asian and American in the Ukraine was bred for its late blooming, early persimmon was bred at the Nikita ripening character that allows it to avoid frost. Partially in Yalta, Ukraine. Bark is smooth, gray to tan. The self-fertile, it does best with another late blooming deciduous leaves are oval and dark-green, turning variety for the most prolifi c yield. Fragrant pinkish-

10 Learning Landscapes – East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk white fl owers are followed by the pale-green drupe, This small, deciduous tree reaches 15-20’ in height covered in small, fuzzy hairs when young. Unlike with a similar canopy width. The oblong leaves of other trees in the genus Prunus such as , the the pawpaw are a dark green reaching 10-12" long drupe covering of P. dulcis is thick and leathery instead and 4-5" wide, drooping on the branches. When the of soft and fl eshy. Upon maturation, the outer coating leaves are bruised, they give off a disagreeable odor. cracks, exposing the hard, brown shell containing In autumn, the leaves will turn a decorative yellow the almond seed (not a true nut). Oracle begins to before falling from the tree. Flowers have a velvety produce after three years and grows to 15’ tall. The texture, are dark brown-purple, and hang upside down leaves are lanceolate growing 3-5" with minutely growing to 2" across. The fruit, cylindrical in shape serrate edges. Wild found in Asia contain a and reaching 6" long, grows in clusters with as many toxic chemical that is expressed in damaged seeds. It as nine individual fruits growing together. The fl esh of is thought that a genetic mutation in the wild type the fruit is golden brown and custard-like in texture, conferred loss of toxicity, and this mutant was grown with yellowish skin that turns almost black after the by farmers and now widely cultivated. fi rst fall frost. Prolifi c requires another variety of pawpaw for cross-pollination. Prima sweet almond, Prunus dulcis ‘Prima’ Syn. Prunus amygdalus ‘Prima’ Q1-8 white peach, Prunus persica ‘Q1-8’ Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to the Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to Northwest Mediterranean region of the Middle East, eastward as far China, in the region between the Tarim Basin and the north as northwest India slopes of the Kunlun Shan mountains Prunus dulcis is thought to have The common peach and nectarine, despite their evolved from the same ancestral physical and palatable differences, are actually the species as the peach (P. persica) in same species of fruit (Prunus persica). are south-central Asia, making it the distinguished by the velvety, fuzzy skin of fruits that almond’s closest relative. Prima are larger than their nectarine counterparts. The Q1-8 is a very late-blooming, early cultivar is a unique white-fl esh variety discovered maturing variety that produces in Washington State. Its characteristic showy pink reliably sweet, soft-shelled blossoms are followed by large, reddish-orange, juicy seeds. The tree is partially and fl avorful peaches. The fl esh partially sticks to the self-fertile, so planting two varieties will ensure inside pit (semi-freestone), making it an intermediate productive yields. Prima grows 10-12’ in height at option between fresh eating and canning. P. persica is maturity, with a spreading, open canopy. It begins to native to areas of Northwest China, and has deciduous bear three years after planting, and yields upwards leaves that are broad lanceolate, 3-6" long. At maturity, of 20 pounds annually. Almond trees are long-living, Q1-8 can reach up to 12’ in height, and bears fruit often productive for 50+ years. The fl owers are almost three years after planting. When young, the bark is identical to other Prunus fl owers in structure, but smooth, reddish-brown, becoming rough with age. It is are light pink or white in color, and very fragrant. a self-fertile cultivar, and is the least susceptible to the Formation of the drupe follows the fl owers, which peach leaf curl disease. consists of a thick, leathery hull that encases the more familiar almond shell and seed. Leaves are lanceolate, Rainier cherry, Prunus avium ‘Rainier’ growing 3 to 5" in length, with minutely serrate edges. Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native to Europe, Anatolia, Maghreb and Western Asia Prolifi c paw paw, Asimina triloba ‘Prolifi c’ Commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry and bird Origin: North America - a cultivar of a species native from cherry, Prunus avium is the most prolifi c species of Florida north to New York and west to Texas and Nebraska sweet cherry commercially grown and sold. All parts Prolifi c originates in Corwin Davis’ collection that of the plant except for the ripe fruit are slightly toxic if was discovered in the 1980s in Bellevue, Michigan. eaten. This deciduous tree has strong apical dominance

Portland Parks & Recreation 11 with a straight trunk and symmetrical conical crown and 1½" in width. Leaves are dark green and glossy reaching 20’ tall with a 15’ spread. Bark is smooth throughout the growing season, turning deep purple in and purplish-brown, and the hard, reddish-brown autumn before falling. Fragrant, white fl owers grow in wood is valued for making cabinets or musical clusters, followed by large, yellow fruit with a reddish- instruments. Leaves are alternate, simple and ovate, orange blush. If allowed to fall, fruit often becomes 3-6" long and 3" wide with serrate edges. Small red bruised and over-ripe, so is best bletted, or picked glands are visible at the base of each leaf where it early and allowed to ripen in storage. Aurora requires meets the petiole. Flowers produced in early spring another variety of European pear for cross-pollination. are borne in clusters, with fi ve white petals. Fruit is often borne in pairs or clusters. Rainier fruit is yellow Santiam European hazel or fi lbert, with red blush and creamy-yellow fl esh, and is one of Corylus avellana ‘Santiam’ the earliest ripening cherry varieties. Rainier requires another variety for cross-pollination. Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native to the British Isles south to Iberia, Greece Turkey and , Red Gem goumi, Eleagnus multifl ora ‘Red Gem’ north to central Scandinavia, and east to the central Ural Mountains, the Caucasus, and northwestern Iran. Origin: Asia, Russia - eastern Russia, China, and Japan Corylus avellana is the only Originally from the Russian Far East, Red Gem species of European was brought to the Main Botanic Garden in Kiev, grown commercially, the fruit of Ukraine for cultivation. This is a small, shrub- which is also commonly known forming plant reaching 5-6’ tall and bearing fruit as the fi lbert. Santiam is a new two to three years after planting. Bark is dark-brown, cultivar released by Oregon and young are covered in minute red-brown State University in 2005, bred scales. Silvery-green leaves have an ovate to elliptic for its complete resistance to shape, and reach 1-3" long and 1-2" across. Fragrant eastern fi lbert blight. This white fl owers have a scent similar to that of lilac. deciduous small tree or shrub reaches a height of up to Fruit is round to cylindrical, bright red, with thin 15’ and bears fruit three years after planting. Leaves are skin that is covered in silver speckles, and hangs dark green, alternate, serrate, and hairy on both sides. from a long stem similar to that of the common Bark is smooth, glossy-brown and peeling slightly cherry. Fruit is juicy and aromatic with a sweet-tart with age. In autumn, pale-yellow male catkins begin fl avor resembling that of pie cherries. Goumi lives to form, reaching 2-4" long, followed by bright-red in with nitrogen fi xing bacteria, enabling female fl owers opening in mid-winter. Santiam fruits them to thrive without fertilizer and making them contain a brown, oblong nut encased in a shell. Edible excellent companions to other nearby fruiting plants. nuts are covered in fringed, leafy husks (involucre) that Red Gem is partially self-fertile; plant two varieties cover about two-thirds of the shell. When fully ripe for best pollination. in autumn, the shelled nuts fall from their husks out of the tree. Plant cultivars of C. avellana with another Rescue European pear, Pyrus communis ‘Rescue’ variety to ensure proper fertilization. Origin: Europe - a cultivar of a species native to Europe Shin Li Asian pear, Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Shin Li’ Pyrus communis is the species from which most common pears familiar to us are cultivated. They Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to China were harvested in the wild throughout Europe long Originating from an extensive breeding program at before becoming domesticated, fi rst appearing in the the University of – Davis, Shin Li is one of works of Greek and Roman writers as early as 350 the more recent Asian pear introductions. It grows to BC. Rescue is a dwarfed variety, growing to 12’ with a a height of 10-12’ with a broadly pyramidal to round spreading, horizontal canopy and bearing fruit three form and begins to bear fruit one to two years after years after planting. The deciduous leaves are simple, planting. Small white fl owers borne in clusters appear entire, and pointed at the tip, reaching 3" in length before leaves fully emerge in early spring, and are

12 Learning Landscapes – East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk similar in size and shape to other Pyrus fl owers with fruit similar in appearance and size to the common fi ve petals and numerous stamens. The deciduous pear. Branches often appear twisted and gnarled, and leaves are alternate and simple, growing to 4" long. trees sometimes have multiple trunks. Leaves are Leaves are dark-green throughout the growing alternately arranged and simple with densely hairy season, turning an ornamental yellow in autumn undersides, and reach 2-4" in length. In autumn, before falling. Shin Li fruit is greenish-yellow and leaves turn a vibrant yellow before dropping. Pale very russetted (spotted brown, rough textured), with pink blossoms are similar to other Rosaceae fl owers a more round shape than its European pear relative. with fi ve petals and reaching 2" in width. Immature Thinning the thickly-clustered fruits helps to produce fruit is light green and very densely covered in small, larger fruits. Like other Asian pears, this cultivar grey-white hairs that eventually rub off by the time of requires another variety nearby for cross-pollination. maturity. Mature Smyrna fruit is large, white-fl eshed, and pear-shaped, becoming fragrant and lemon-yellow Shinseiki Asian pear, Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Shinseiki’ when ripe. Slicing quince fruit along its horizontal axis presents a star-shaped seed formation in the center. Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to China Traditionally in , the fl owers of Pyrus pyrifolia Spartan apple, Malus domestica ‘Spartan’ are a popular symbol of early spring. The Shinseiki Origin: Asia - a cultivar of an ancient hybrid species variety, meaning “New Century,” was introduced in Japan in 1945 and is now a popular variety world- Malus domestica is a hybrid wide. This deciduous tree has a broadly pyramidal species originating from the to round form, reaching 20’ in height and width. wild type Malus sieversii from White fl owers borne in clusters bloom before leaves Central Asia. There are now are fully emerged, and are similar to other species more than 7,500 cultivars of in the genus Pyrus, with fi ve petals and numerous the common apple worldwide, stamens. Alternate, simple leaves reach 4" long and originally brought to North are dark green throughout summer, turning yellow in America by European colonists. autumn. Fruit is more rounded than its European pear This deciduous tree reaches a counterpart, with a rougher skin texture. Shinseiki height of up to 12’ with a broad, fruit has yellow skin with very few of the brown spots spreading canopy and bearing fruit three years after typical of Asian pears, and is medium in size with planting. Leaves are alternately arranged, ovate with creamy white fl esh. Fruit grows vigorously in thick blunt bases, and hairy on the underside. They are dark clusters, so thinning helps produce bigger pears. green throughout the growing season and drop in Another Asian or European pear variety is required autumn before fruit are fully ripe. Small white fl owers for successful pollination and fruit production. are mildly fragrant, fi ve-petaled, and grow in clusters. Spartan fruit has dark red mahogany skin and white Smyrna quince, Cydonia oblonga ‘Smyrna’ fl esh. This variety is susceptible to apple scab disease unless sprayed, and can be detected through the Origin: Asia - a cultivar of a species native to Iran, appearance of black spots on fruit and foliage. Spartan Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Uzbekhistan, Tajikistan, requires another variety for cross-pollination. Afghanistan, Pakistan and the state of Kashmir in India This fruiting quince species, Stella fi g, Ficus carica ‘Stella’ oblonga, is the sole member Origin: Asia - cultivar of a species widespread in Central of the genus Cydonia in the Asia, Asia Minor and the Caucasus Rosaceae family. Historically, the fruit has been cooked for The story goes that Stella was brought to the US by food but is now also grown an Italian sailor and at one point was considered lost ornamentally. This small but was recently discovered in a southeast Portland, deciduous tree reaches a height Oregon neighborhood. Many consider Stella to be the of 16’ to 25’ and bears pome same variety as Adriatic due to their strong similarities,

Portland Parks & Recreation 13 but is favored for its ability to ripen in cooler still advised to plant with another variety for best climates. This small tree reaches a height of 10’ but pollination and fruit production results. can be pruned smaller, and begins bearing fruit one to two years after planting. Like all fi gs, it produces Sweet Scarlet goumi, an early, small crop and a larger crop in autumn. Eleagnus multifl ora ‘Sweet Scarlet’ Flowers are not noticeable as they are contained within the fruit, but large, glossy, and deeply-lobed Origin: Asia, Russia - eastern Russia, China, and Japan leaves allow fi g trees to be readily recognizable. Native to Eastern Russia, China, Fruit is pear-shaped with yellow-green skin and has and Japan, Sweet Scarlet was purplish-red fl esh. Figs do not continue to ripen selected at the Main Botanic off of the tree, so only pick when fully ripe. Leaves Garden in Kiev, Ukraine. and wood contain a sap that may make skin more Goumi forms a medium size susceptible to sunburn, so use caution when handling shrub growing to 6’ tall, with deciduous leaves and the tree. Stella is a self-fertile cultivar. dark brown bark. Shoots of the shrub are densely covered in minute red-brown scales. Leaves are silvery- Sunfl ower paw paw, Asimina triloba ‘Sunfl ower’ green, ovate to elliptic, and grow 1-3" long and 1-2" wide. Flowers are white and very fragrant. Round to Origin: North America - a cultivar of a species native cylindrical, scarlet-red fruit has thin silver-speckled from Florida north to New York and west to Texas and skin and hangs from a long stem resembling that of a Nebraska cherry. Goumi lives in symbiosis with nitrogen fi xing A deciduous tree growing to bacteria, enabling them to thrive without fertilizer and 25’, A. triloba propagates itself making them excellent companions to nearby fruiting extensively through clonal plants. The fruit has is highly valued medicinally, with suckers in the understory uses including treating intestinal and stomach illnesses. when in nature. Leaves are Sweet Scarlet is partially self-fertile. Plant two varieties simple, alternate, and spirally for cross-pollination and heavier crops. arranged with an ovate-lanceolate shape, growing 10-12" long and 4-5" wide. When leaves are fully Williams Pride apple, grown, they are smooth, dark green above and paler Malus domestica ‘Williams Pride’ underneath. When bruised, the leaves give off a disagreeable odor. Flowers are dark brown-purple, Origin: Asia - a cultivar of an ancient hybrid species 1-2" across, and grow in clusters. Sunfl ower fruit Malus domestica was brought over to North America boasts golden fl esh and yellowish skin when ripe, by European colonists, and now is widely grown but many suggest waiting until after the fi rst fall throughout the country with more than 7,500 varieties. frost when the skin turns brown-black to harvest It originated from the wild species, Malus sieversii, and eat. Flesh of the fruit is custard-like in texture, native to Central Asia, where it is still found and and contains few seeds. Sunfl ower is the only variety harvested. The original seedling of Williams Pride was of A. triloba that is said to be self-fertile, but it is planted in 1975 at Purdue University, selected for the

14 Learning Landscapes – East Delta Park Community Orchard Tree Walk fruit’s high rating. Unlike many other apple fi lberts, contain a brown, oblong nut encased in a shell. cultivars, it has been thoroughly tested and found The husk of the nut is a short, leafy structure called to be resistant to apple scab. This deciduous tree an involucre that covers about two-thirds of the shell, reaches a height of 12’ with spreading growth, and distinguishing it from its closely related relative (C. bears fruit two to three years after planting. Leaves maxima), in which the involucre fully encloses the nut. are dark green and alternately arranged on branches, When ripe in September, the nut falls from the shrub with an ovate shape and serrate edges. In the spring, out of its husk. Plant with another variety nearby for fl owers appear around the same time as leaves emerge. proper fertilization. Flowers are small, white, fi ve-petaled and mildly fragrant, growing in clusters. Large fruit has dark Yellow cornelian cherry dogwood, red skin and yellowish fl esh. Another variety of M. Cornus mas ‘Yellow’ domestica is required for cross-pollination. Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native across Yamhill European hazel or fi lbert, central and southern Europe from France to Ukraine and south into Greece, Turkey, Syria Lebanon, Georgia, Corylus avellana ‘Yamhill’ Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran Origin: Europe, Asia - a cultivar of a species native to the In the same Cornaceae family as the dogwood, Cornus British Isles south to Iberia, Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, mas is unrelated to the common cherry despite its north to central Scandinavia, and east to the central Ural name. This shrub or small tree grows to 10’ and begins Mountains, the Caucasus, and northwestern Iran. bearing fruit three years after planting. Branches are Yamhill is a recent variety dark brown with greenish twigs. The wood of C. mas cultivated at Oregon State is very dense, making it valuable for crafting into University that boasts complete tools, and red dye from its bark is used to make fezzes resistance to eastern fi lbert (Turkish military hats). Small yellow fl owers grow in blight. It reaches 12’ in height, thick clusters, each containing four petals, and emerge with compact, shrub-like growth in early spring well before leaves. Leaves are alternate, bearing three years after planting. and have an ovate, oblong shape, turning ornamental The deciduous leaves are shades of yellow and red in the fall. This cultivar alternate, serrate, round, and hairy on both sides. Bark was named for its lemon yellow, elongated fruit that is smooth, glossy-brown and peeling slightly. Pale- reaches 1" long, and has a sweet-tart taste. Fruit is yellow male catkins form in early fall, growing 2-4" often used to make jams, sauces, or other preserves, long. Tiny, bright-red female fl owers open in mid- and is very high in . Yellow requires another winter. The fruits of C. avellana, familiar hazelnuts or variety for cross-pollination.

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