DOCSLIB.ORG

Femmes Et Militantisme Dans La Presse Féminine Et Avant-Gardiste Chinoise De 1898 À 1927: La Figure De La Révolutionnaire

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Femmes Et Militantisme Dans La Presse Féminine Et Avant-Gardiste Chinoise De 1898 À 1927: La Figure De La Révolutionnaire Femmes et militantisme dans la presse féminine et avant-gardiste chinoise de 1898 à 1927 : la figure de la Révolutionnaire Cléophée Blandin To cite this version: Cléophée Blandin. Femmes et militantisme dans la presse féminine et avant-gardiste chinoise de 1898 à 1927 : la figure de la Révolutionnaire. Sciences de l’Homme et Société. 2019. dumas-02486868 HAL Id: dumas-02486868 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02486868 Submitted on 21 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Université Rennes 2 Hautes Bretagne UFR Langues Département Etude Chinoises Cléophée Blandin Sous la direction de Monsieur Pierre de la Robertie MEMOIRE DE MASTER 2 RECHERCHE Soutenu en 2019 Table des matières Remerciements ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Avertissement ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 I. Les femmes et l’essor de la presse .................................................................................................. 7 II. La sphère du privé ......................................................................................................................... 18 1) L’éducation ................................................................................................................................ 18 L’émergence des actions en faveur de l’éducation féminine........................................................ 20 Les premiers discours sur l’éducation. .......................................................................................... 22 La question de l’éducation dans la presse féminine des débuts. .................................................. 25 L’éducation féminine et les débuts de la République. .................................................................. 33 2) Le rapport au corps ................................................................................................................... 41 Les pieds bandés, entre préjugé et réalité. ................................................................................... 41 La promotion d’un corps fortifié par l’exercice physique. ............................................................ 45 Le contrôle des naissances. ........................................................................................................... 48 3) Mariage, divorce et sexualité. ................................................................................................... 55 Le mariage et ses composantes dans la Chine traditionnelle. ...................................................... 55 La fin de l’Empire, entre critique du mariage traditionnel et ébauche de redéfinition. ............... 58 Le début de la période Républicaine, entre acquis et recherche. ................................................. 64 La nouvelle culture, quelles modalités, pour quelles relations ? .................................................. 66 III. La sphère publique .................................................................................................................... 75 1) Le travail .................................................................................................................................... 75 L’exclusion progressive des femmes du secteur productif ........................................................... 76 Les débuts de l’analyse de la problématique du travail féminin................................................... 80 Les débuts de la République, entre acquis et régression. ............................................................. 85 Femmes, travail et prolétariat après la Première Guerre mondiale. ............................................ 86 2) Les droits politiques .................................................................................................................. 95 Nation et Révolutions, remettre en cause le pouvoir. .................................................................. 95 La première vague de militantisme pour le suffrage .................................................................. 104 Femmes et reconnaissance politique, une relation compliquée. ............................................... 110 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 113 Bibliographie........................................................................................................................................ 115 Sources antérieures à 1927 ou reprenant des textes antérieurs à 1927 : ...................................... 115 Sources postérieures à 1927 ........................................................................................................... 120 Remerciements Je souhaite avant tout remercier Pierre de la Robertie, pour avoir accepté d’encadrer mes travaux de recherche, pour la confiance qu’il m’a accordée ces trois dernières années, pour les conseils de lectures dont il m’a fait part, mais aussi pour le temps qu’il a sacrifié lors de la relecture et la correction de mes travaux. Merci à mes proches, pour le soutien qu’ils m’apportent, pour la motivation qu’ils savent m’offrir dans les moments de doute. Enfin, merci à tous mes professeurs et camarades, avec qui j’ai apprécié travailler durant ces années passées à l’université. 2 Avertissement À propos des transcriptions : Par souci de clarté, nous utiliserons exclusivement dans ce travail des caractères chinois simplifiés, et ce même lorsque nous ferons référence à des ouvrages ou des textes en caractères traditionnels. À propos des traductions : Les traductions présentées en langue dans ce travail seront systématiquement présentées entre guillemets et en italique. Quand des traductions en langue française existent, nous privilégierons leur emploi, et nous en mentionnerons systématiquement les auteurs. Les traductions sans annotations sur le traducteur seront donc les nôtres. 3 Introduction Dire que le XIXe et le XXe siècle chinois furent marqués par de grands bouleversements sociaux et politiques est un lieu commun. La chute de l’Empire en 1911 et les bouleversements socioéconomiques qui en sont responsables ont accentués la remise en question de la société traditionnelle chinoise. Mais il est indéniable que cette réflexion sur la société et l’Etat peut s’interpréter comme la conséquence directe des bouleversements sociétaux, économiques et politiques qui ont secoué la Chine du XIXème siècle. Peu importe ici la manière dont on établit la relation de causalité, repenser l’ordre social séculaire devient ainsi le corollaire d’une refonte des institutions étatiques. Nous avons fait le choix de lier la remise en cause de l’institution étatique et la question de la place des femmes dans la société. En d’autres termes nous essayerons de déterminer au cours de notre réflexion quels sont les mécanismes qui ont conduit à ce que la revalorisation des femmes dans la société chinoise ne puisse se faire qu’à travers la remise en question du modèle politique. Pour tenter de répondre à ce questionnement nous avons fait le choix de privilégier la presse écrite et de nous axer sur des figures féminines qui, entre 1898 et 1927, ont choisi, à travers leurs écrits journalistiques, de faire de l’émancipation des femmes une question politique. Nous avons choisi de clôturer notre champ de recherche sur l’année 1927, date de la prise de pouvoir de Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshe 蔣介石) et la fin du Front Uni entre partisans du Guomindang et Communistes, car cela marque un repli des préoccupations féministes sur la scène politique. Notre choix de débuter notre réflexion par la date de 1898, tient dans le fait que 1898 est l’année qui voit l’émergence du premier périodique féminin rédigé par des femmes, le Nüxuebao et marque l’émergence sur la scène politique d’un mouvement de réformes qui veut faire de la Chine un pays « moderne ». Cette impulsion réformiste se nourrit des désillusions d’un XIXème siècle chaotique, qui s’est ouvert sur la révolte de la secte bouddhiste du lotus blanc (1796-1804) et s’est clôturé sur la guerre sino-japonaise (1894- 1895) et le traité de Shimonoseki qui entérine la victoire japonaise et marque une recrudescence de l’impérialisme économique étranger. Les réformes dîtes des « Cents Jours » en 1898, marquent un tournant politique, et ce malgré leur échec. Les réformateurs à l’origine de ce mouvement imputent les échecs successifs de la Chine à son « arriération ». Pour eux il 4 faut modifier les institutions politiques elles-mêmes, voire même modifier la morale et l’idéologie, en s’inspirant des nations « avancées » occidentales. Les réformateurs de 1898 ne sont
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ming-Qing Women's Song Lyrics to the Tune Man Jiang Hong
    engendering heroism: ming-qing women’s song 1 ENGENDERING HEROISM: MING-QING WOMEN’S SONG LYRICS TO THE TUNE MAN JIANG HONG* by LI XIAORONG (McGill University) Abstract The heroic lyric had long been a masculine symbolic space linked with the male so- cial world of career and achievement. However, the participation of a critical mass of Ming-Qing women lyricists, whose gendered consciousness played a role in their tex- tual production, complicated the issue. This paper examines how women crossed gen- der boundaries to appropriate masculine poetics, particularly within the dimension of the heroic lyric to the tune Man jiang hong, to voice their reflections on larger historical circumstances as well as women’s gender roles in their society. The song lyric (ci 詞), along with shi 詩 poetry, was one of the dominant genres in which late imperial Chinese women writers were active.1 The two conceptual categories in the aesthetics and poetics of the song lyric—“masculine” (haofang 豪放) and “feminine” (wanyue 婉約)—may have primarily referred to the textual performance of male authors in the tradition. However, the participation of a critical mass of Ming- Qing women lyricists, whose gendered consciousness played a role in * This paper was originally presented in the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, New York, March 27-30, 2003. I am deeply grateful to my supervisor Grace S. Fong for her guidance and encouragement in the course of writing this pa- per. I would like to also express my sincere thanks to Professors Robin Yates, Robert Hegel, Daniel Bryant, Beata Grant, and Harriet Zurndorfer and to two anonymous readers for their valuable comments and suggestions that led me to think further on some critical issues in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering the Grandmothers: the International Movement to Commemorate the Survivors of Militarized Sexual Abuse in the Asia-Pacific War
    Volume 17 | Issue 4 | Number 1 | Article ID 5248 | Feb 15, 2019 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Remembering the Grandmothers: The International Movement to Commemorate the Survivors of Militarized Sexual Abuse in the Asia-Pacific War Vera Mackie, Sharon Crozier-De Rosa It is over seventy years since the issue of systematized sexual abuse in the Asia-Pacific War came to light in interrogations leading up The Australian War Memorial to the post-Second World War Military Tribunals. There was also widespreadThe Australian War Memorial was established vernacular knowledge of the system in the at the end of the First World War as a ‘shrine, a world-class museum, and an extensive early postwar period in Japan and its former 2 occupied territories. The movement for redress archive’. Its mission is to ‘assist Australians to for the survivors of this system gainedremember, interpret and understand the Australian experience of war and its enduring momentum in East and Southeast Asia in the 3 1970s. By the 1990s this had become a global impact on Australian society’. The holdings include ‘relics, official and private records, art, movement, making connections with other photographs, film, and sound’. The physical international movements and political archive is augmented by an extensive on-line campaigns on the issue of militarized sexual archive of digitized materials.4 From the end of violence. These movements have culminated in the First World War to the present, the advances in international law, where Memorial has been the official repository for militarized sexual violence has been addressed the documentation of Australia’s involvement in in ad hoc Military Tribunals on the former military conflicts and peacekeeping operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Feminism Across the Taiwan Strait Author
    Out of the Closet of Feminist Orientalism: Rethinking Feminism Across the Taiwan Strait Author: Ya-chen Chen Assistant Professor of Chinese Literature and Asian Studies at the CCNY What is Chinese feminism? What is feminism in the Chinese cultural realm? How does one define, outline, understand, develop, interpret, and represent women and feminism in the Chinese cultural realm? These questions are what scholars will always converse over in the spirit of intellectual dialogue.1 However, the question of “which version of [feminist] history is going to be told to the next generation” in the Chinese cultural realm is what cannot wait for diverse scholars to finish arguing over?2 How to teach younger generations about women and feminism in the Chinese cultural realm and how to define, categorize, summarize, or explain women and feminism in the Chinese cultural realm cannot wait for diverse scholars to articulate an answer that satisfies everyone. How women and feminists in the Chinese cultural realm, especially non- Mainland areas, should identify themselves cannot wait until this debate is over. Because anthologies are generally intended for classroom use, I would like to analyze a number of feminist anthologies to illustrate the unbalanced representation of women and feminism in the Chinese cultural realm. In this conference paper, I will examine the following English-language feminist anthologies: Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Criticism and 327 Theory; The Second Wave: A Reader in Feminist Theory, Western Feminisms: An Anthology of
    [Show full text]
  • Qiu Jin: an Exemplar of Chinese Feminism, Revolution, and Nationalism at the End of the Qing Dynasty
    Qiu Jin: An Exemplar of Chinese Feminism, Revolution, and Nationalism at the End of the Qing Dynasty Jen Kucharski War flames in the north‒when will it all end? I hear the fighting at sea continues unabated. Like the women of Qishi, I worry about my country in vain; It’s hard to trade kerchief and dress for a helmet.1 Qiu Jin is widely hailed as China’s first feminist and is unequivo- cally recognized for her heroic martyrdom at the hands of the Qing dy- nasty in 1907; however, her legacy is far more rich and complicated than being a female revolutionary martyr. In an era in which women had few rights, Qiu Jin chose to doff her kerchief and dress not only to champi- on causes related to women but to fight for her beloved country against tyranny and oppression. Qiu Jin was a well-educated and prolific writer, a self-proclaimed knight-errant, an outspoken critic of the Qing Dynasty and traditional Confucian ideals, a fervent supporter of women’s rights, an outspoken believer in ending the practice of footbinding, a revolutionary martyr, a gifted poet, was skilled in several weapons, and was a skilled 1 Qiu Jin. “War flames in the north‒when will it all end,” in Joan Judge et al. Beyond Exemplar Tales: Women’s Biography in Chinese History (Berkley, California: Global, Area, and International Archive University of California Press, 2011), 1. 94 horseback rider and warrior, trained in several weapons and traditional Chinese martial arts.2 Yet, rarely is she remembered for all of her achieve- ments which diminishes the importance of her rich legacy and demeans the identity she forged for herself.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Women in the Early Twentieth Century: Activists and Rebels
    Chinese Women in the Early Twentieth Century: Activists and Rebels Remy Lepore Undergraduate Honors Thesis Department of History University of Colorado, Boulder Defended: October 25th, 2019 Committee Members: Primary Advisor: Timothy Weston, Department of History Secondary Reader: Katherine Alexander, Department of Chinese Honors Representative: Miriam Kadia, Department of History Abstract It is said that women hold up half the sky, but what roles do women really play and how do they interact with politics and society? In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Chinese women reacted in a variety of ways to the social and political changes of the era. Some women were actively engaged in politics while others were not. Some women became revolutionaries and fought for reform in China, other women were more willing to work with and within the established cultural framework. Discussion of reforms and reformers in the late nineteenth-early twentieth centuries are primarily focused on men and male activism; however, some women felt very strongly about reform and were willing to die in order to help China modernize. This thesis explores the life experiences and activism of five women who lived at the end of China’s imperial period and saw the birth of the Republican period. By analyzing and comparing the experiences of Zheng Yuxiu, Yang Buwei, Xie Bingying, Wang Su Chun, and Ning Lao Taitai, this thesis helps to unlock the complex and often hidden lives of Chinese women in modern Chinese history. Lepore 1 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………..……… 2 Part 1 ………………………………………………………………………………….………… 4 Historiography ……………………………………………………………………………4 Historical Context …………………………..…………………………………………… 8 Part 2: Analysis …………………………………..…………………………..……………….
    [Show full text]
  • Daoist Connections to Contemporary Feminism in China Dessie Miller [email protected]
    The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Projects and Capstones Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Spring 5-19-2017 Celebrating the Feminine: Daoist Connections to Contemporary Feminism in China Dessie Miller [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/capstone Part of the Chinese Studies Commons, and the Feminist Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Dessie, "Celebrating the Feminine: Daoist Connections to Contemporary Feminism in China" (2017). Master's Projects and Capstones. 613. https://repository.usfca.edu/capstone/613 This Project/Capstone is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Projects and Capstones by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. !1 CELEBRATING THE FEMININE: DAOIST CONNECTIONS TO CONTEMPORARY FEMINISM IN CHINA Dessie D. Miller APS 650: MA Capstone Seminar University of San Francisco 16 May 2017 !2 Acknowledgments I wish to present my special thanks to Professor Mark T. Miller (Associate Professor of Systematic Theology and Associate Director of the St. Ignatius Institute), Professor John K. Nelson (Academic Director and Professor of East Asian religions in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies), Mark Mir (Archivist & Resource Coordinator, Ricci Institute for Chinese-Western Cultural History), Professor David Kim (Associate Professor of Philosophy and Program Director), John Ostermiller (M.A. in Asia Pacific Studies/MAPS Program Peer-Tutor), and my classmates in the MAPS Program at the University of San Francisco for helping me with my research and providing valuable advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Citizenship and Inequalities Género, Ciudadanía Y Desigualdades
    ISSN 1989 - 9572 Gender, citizenship and inequalities Género, ciudadanía y desigualdades Giovanna Campani, University of Florence, Italy Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, Vol. 5 (3) http://www.ugr.es/~jett/index.php Fecha de recepción: 15 de agosto de 2013 Fecha de revisión: 15 de enero de 2014 Fecha de aceptación: 14 de febrero de 2014 Campani, G. (2014). Gender, citizenship and inequalities. Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, Vol. 5(3), pp. 43 – 53. Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers JETT, Vol. 5 (3); ISSN: 1989-9572 43 Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, Vol. 5 (3) ISSN 1989 – 9572 http://www.ugr.es/~jett/index.php Gender, citizenship and inequalities Género, ciudadanía y desigualdades Giovanna Campani, University of Florence, Italy [email protected] Resumen La Plataforma de Acción de Beijing y la CEDAW representa un paso importante en la afirmación de los valores comunes y de una opinión compartida sobre la igualdad de género para todas las sociedades humanas, independientemente de sus tradiciones culturales y religiosas. Sin embargo, las fuertes desigualdades de género persisten en prácticamente todo el mundo, como los cuatro parámetros – el trabajo, la educación, la política y la salud, que se utilizan para el Gender Gap indican. El artículo analiza la cuestión de la igualdad de género frente a la persistencia de las desigualdades sociales y económicas, teniendo en cuenta el punto de vista histórico, y enfocando los problemas actuales. El documento plantea una pregunta crucial: ¿es la persistencia
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of Chinese Feminism Columbia & Ko, Eds
    & liu e-yin zHen (1886–1920?) was a theo- ko Hrist who figured centrally in the birth , karl of Chinese feminism. Unlike her contem- , poraries, she was concerned less with China’s eds fate as a nation and more with the relation- . , ship among patriarchy, imperialism, capi- talism, and gender subjugation as global historical problems. This volume, the first translation and study of He-Yin’s work in English, critically reconstructs early twenti- eth-century Chinese feminist thought in a transnational context by juxtaposing He-Yin The Bir Zhen’s writing against works by two better- known male interlocutors of her time. The editors begin with a detailed analysis of He-Yin Zhen’s life and thought. They then present annotated translations of six of her major essays, as well as two foundational “The Birth of Chinese Feminism not only sheds light T on the unique vision of a remarkable turn-of- tracts by her male contemporaries, Jin h of Chinese the century radical thinker but also, in so Tianhe (1874–1947) and Liang Qichao doing, provides a fresh lens through which to (1873–1929), to which He-Yin’s work examine one of the most fascinating and com- responds and with which it engages. Jin, a poet and educator, and Liang, a philosopher e plex junctures in modern Chinese history.” Theory in Transnational ssential Texts Amy— Dooling, author of Women’s Literary and journalist, understood feminism as a Feminism in Twentieth-Century China paternalistic cause that liberals like them- selves should defend. He-Yin presents an “This magnificent volume opens up a past and alternative conception that draws upon anar- conjures a future.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Feminism in the Literary History of Early-Twentieth-Century China 1
    Notes Introduction: Women and Feminism in the Literary History of Early-Twentieth-Century China 1. These various renderings of “feminism” can be found in texts from the period covered in this study. While often used interchangeably, they carry slightly dif- ferent connotations. 2. In addition to calling for a radical transformation of Confucian social mores and values prejudicial to women, early feminists also demanded concrete recognition of women’s social and political rights. Prominent among these were the eradication of foot binding, equal rights in inheritance, access to edu- cation and the professions, marital freedoms, including the right to choose one’s own partner and to divorce, the right to vote and be elected to public office, and the abolition of the practice of child-brides, concubinage, and prostitution. 3. Charlotte Beahan, “The Women’s Movement and Nationalism in Late Ch’ing China” (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1976); Elisabeth Croll, Feminism and Socialism in China (New York: Schocken Books, 1978); Phyllis Andors, The Unfinished Liberation of Chinese Women: 1949–1980 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983); Judith Stacey, Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983); Margery Wolf, Revolution Postponed: Women in Contemporary China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985); Christina Gilmartin, Engendering the Chinese Revolution: Radical Women, Communist Politics, and Mass Movements in the 1920s (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995). 4. See, for example,
    [Show full text]
  • Literary Body Discourses. Corporeality, Gender and Class Difference in Contemporary Chinese Women’S Poetry and Fiction
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2016 Literary body discourses: corporeality, gender and class difference in contemporary Chinese women’s poetry Jaguścik, Justyna Abstract: Die Arbeit untersucht den literarischen Körperdiskurs im postmaoistischen China der 1980er bis 2010er Jahre am Leitfaden vorrangig weiblicher Positionsnahmen. Im Rahmen dieses Diskurses wer- den zwei Hauptströmungen identifiziert: die sog. Körperschrift (body writing) von einerseits Autorinnen international erfolgreicher Romane wie Wei Hui und Sheng Keyi, anderseits auch von einer Dichterinn der jüngeren Generation Zheng Xiaoqiong und die sog. Lower Body-Bewegung (Dichterinnen Yin Lichuan und Wu Ang). Die Dissertation positioniert die Dichterin Zhai Yongming im Zentrum der auf den Körper und die Sex- Gender-Differenz ausgerichteten Weiblichkeitsdiskurse der Übergangszeit von einem sozialis- tischen zu einem neoliberal-kapitalistischen Gesellschaftssystem. Das Schreiben von Zhai Yongming lässt sich keiner von den beiden oben genannten Hauptströmungen eindeutig zuordnen, trotzdem hat es deren Vokabularien und Trajektorien massgeblich beeinflusst. Am Werdegang Zhais, Chinas bekanntesten zeitgenössischen Dichterin, wird gezeigt wie das Körper-Schreiben synchron mit den gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen dieser drei Jahrzehnte mehrere Phasen durchlief, teilweise sich neu erfand, teilweise aber auch gerne auf traditionell poetische Vorbilder zurückgriff. Theoretisch wie methodisch positioniert sich die Arbeit im Überlappungsraum der Literaturwissenschaften, Kultursoziologie und Gender Studies. My dissertation investigates discourses of the body in literature and theory in the People’s Republic of China from the late 1980s until the 2010s. This body turn is examined through the lens of female-authored texts. I argue, that in poetry and fiction the body stood at the centre of an emancipatory feminist project.
    [Show full text]
  • The Image of Women in the Revolutionary Opera Films of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
    The Image of Women in the Revolutionary Opera Films of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Zhuying Li MA, Monash University, Melbourne School of Media and Communication College of Design and Social Context RMIT University June 2018 Declaration I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged ; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed. Zhuying Li June 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 8 GOAL OF THIS STUDY ......................................................................................................................... 8 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE REVOLUTIONARY OPERA FILMS .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gender in Chinese Literary Thought of the Republican Period
    26 fL Gender in Chinese literary thought of the Republican period Maria af Sandeberg School of Oriental and African Studies Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ProQuest Number: 11010312 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010312 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract The thesis is about the relationship between gender and Chinese literary thought in the Republican period, focusing on the 1920s and early 1930s. It explores the ways in which gender was described as significant to literature in writings on literature such as literary theory, literary criticism, literary debates, and literary histories. It analyses how critics and literary historians related the gendered concepts "women's literature" (funu wenxue) and "women writers" (nuzuojia) to ideas of modernity and tradition, and to ideas of truth and authenticity in literature. Chapters One and Two establish that "women's literature" was often treated as separate or different from men's literature, and investigate the discourses which provided support for this position. Chapter One shows that traditional women’s poetry, as well as feminism, formed important contexts for Republican period views on gender in literature.
    [Show full text]