UA1F ROTC 1942 Notes Henry Smith
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The Shadow of Napoleon Upon Lee at Gettysburg
Papers of the 2017 Gettysburg National Military Park Seminar The Shadow of Napoleon upon Lee at Gettysburg Charles Teague Every general commanding an army hopes to win the next battle. Some will dream that they might accomplish a decisive victory, and in this Robert E. Lee was no different. By the late spring of 1863 he already had notable successes in battlefield trials. But now, over two years into a devastating war, he was looking to destroy the military force that would again oppose him, thereby assuring an end to the war to the benefit of the Confederate States of America. In the late spring of 1863 he embarked upon an audacious plan that necessitated a huge vulnerability: uncovering the capital city of Richmond. His speculation, which proved prescient, was that the Union army that lay between the two capitals would be directed to pursue and block him as he advanced north Robert E. Lee, 1865 (LOC) of the Potomac River. He would thereby draw it out of entrenched defensive positions held along the Rappahannock River and into the open, stretched out by marching. He expected that force to risk a battle against his Army of Northern Virginia, one that could bring a Federal defeat such that the cities of Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Washington might succumb, morale in the North to continue the war would plummet, and the South could achieve its true independence. One of Lee’s major generals would later explain that Lee told him in the march to battle of his goal to destroy the Union army. -
George Henry Thomas Was Appointed a Major General in the Regular Army
George Henry Thomas was appointed a major general in the During the Civil War, Rufus Ingalls was appointed a brevet major regular army and received a formal “Thanks of Congress” for his general in both the regular and volunteer Union forces. success in driving Confederate forces from Tennessee in 1864. (Library of Congress) (Library of Congress) P. G. T. (Pierre Gustave Toutant) Beauregard was one of only William Clarke Quantrill, in Confederate uniform, was not only seven “full” generals in the Confederate Army. a notorious Civil War guerrilla but a former civilian teamster, (National Archives) gambler, and camp cook with the Utah Expedition. (Kansas Historical Society.) APPENDIX A William P. MacKinnon ROOTED IN UTAH Civil War Strategy and Tactics, Generals and Guerrillas n addition to chapter 1, another way to illus- officers—Thomas and Ingalls—displayed Itrate the connection between the Utah and some nervousness over the “irregular” nature Civil Wars (and the impact of the former on of their communications; the more flamboy- the latter) is to probe the extent to which three ant Beauregard was unabashedly assertive. very prominent West Point–trained Civil War It may be helpful to provide a brief biogra- generals had earlier tried to influence pros- phy for each of these three officers, though it ecution of the Utah campaign. They did so will not do justice to their distinguished and by gratuitously sending long memos to their varied service careers. General George Henry military superiors or, in one case, to influen- Thomas (July 31, 1816–March 28, 1870) was tial politicians. These documents contained one of the Union army’s principal command- information about alternate approaches to the ers in the Western Theater and won Union Great Basin accompanied by strategic recom- victories across Kentucky and Tennessee. -
The Battle of Sailor's Creek
THE BATTLE OF SAILOR’S CREEK: A STUDY IN LEADERSHIP A Thesis by CLOYD ALLEN SMITH JR. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 2005 Major Subject: History THE BATTLE OF SAILOR’S CREEK: A STUDY IN LEADERSHIP A Thesis by CLOYD ALLEN SMITH JR. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, Joseph Dawson Committee Members, James Bradford Joseph Cerami Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger December 2005 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT The Battle of Sailor’s Creek: A Study in Leadership. (December 2005) Cloyd Allen Smith Jr., B.A., Slippery Rock University Chair: Dr. Joseph Dawson The Battle of Sailor’s Creek, 6 April 1865, has been overshadowed by Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House several days later, yet it is an example of the Union military war machine reaching its apex of war making ability during the Civil War. Through Ulysses S. Grant’s leadership and that of his subordinates, the Union armies, specifically that of the Army of the Potomac, had been transformed into a highly motivated, organized and responsive tool of war, led by confident leaders who understood their commander’s intent and were able to execute on that intent with audacious initiative in the absence of further orders. After Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia escaped from Petersburg and Richmond on 2 April 1865, Grant’s forces chased after Lee’s forces with the intent of destroying the mighty and once feared iv protector of the Confederate States in the hopes of bringing a swift end to the long war. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9325494 “War at every man’s door” : The struggle for East Tennessee, 1860—1869. (Volumes I and n) Fisher, Noel Charles, Ph.D. -
Robert E. Lee in Orange County Part 2 and Companion to the Rapidan Line
Robert E. Lee In Orange County Part 2 and Companion to The Rapidan Line A summary of local Civil War action from Historian Frank Walker’s book, Remembering: In 1861 in the beginning of the first year of the Civil War, there was not much action in Orange County and people and property were not in much danger since Orange was not a primary target of Union action. “Near the end of the first winter of war, the Confederacy signaled its decision to pull back to the Rapidan. In late February the just-built Samuel P. Moore Military Hospital in Manassas was dismantled, and it and its patients were moved to Gordonsville. Next came the ‘retrograde movement’ of Confederate General Joe Johnston and his army to the Rapidan. Johnston tarried briefly at Culpeper, but his ultimate destination lay elsewhere. The recently-built Camp Henry at Culpeper was abandoned and dismantled. For practical purposes, the northern border of the Confederacy in our area had become the Rapidan. The folks north of the river were not told that in so many words. They learned about it the hard way. “Local diarist Fanny Page Hume saw great peril in this turn of events. She wrote on March 8, 1862: ‘Jackson is said to have evacuated Winchester, and part of the Manassas army has fallen back to “Rappahannock Bridge” [Remington]. Cannon and all kinds of supplies have been sent back to Gordonsville. It is thought all places will be burnt, if they fall back. God help us all if the enemy should get this far.’1 “But Miss Fanny’s alarms were premature. -
"He Is Proud, Self Reliant, and I Fear Stubborn" Jefferson Davis and the Problem of Western Command
"He is Proud, Self Reliant, And I Fear Stubborn" Jefferson Davis and The Problem of Western Command Bert Barnett The year of 1863 was destined to be, as 1862 had been, a difficult one for Confederate President Jefferson Davis. While the Army of Northern Virginia had functioned fairly well under the command leadership of Generals Lee, Jackson and Longstreet, in the western theater things had been different. Problems with command structure, defense priorities, politics, and personal animosities had been difficult issues in the past year, and had contributed to many lost opportunities and much lost territory. Resolving them would be critical if the Confederacy was to survive. Davis’ personality played a key role in much of this. As a West Point graduate of the class of 1828, Mexican War hero and former Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce, he was highly confident in his own military leadership skills. At the outset of the conflict, his experience was respected by many. However, this bred in Davis the potential to micro-manage problem areas. Further, the President complicated matters with his tendency to gauge the effectiveness of subordinates by personal loyalty rather than through battlefield performance. Davis also charitably, but firmly and mistakenly, believed that professional soldiers were capable of sublimating their personal disagreements in the face of larger, more critical tasks.1 The first critical task, at the onset of the war, had been to establish a strategy to protect the new nation. After recognizing that a cordon system of defense around the entire perimeter of the Confederacy was impossible due to manpower shortages, Davis carved the nation into “Departments”. -
General Orders
GENERA!, ORDERS, WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENKRAI.’s OFKICK, No. 8. Washington, April 3, 1861. Promotions and appointments in the Army of the United States, made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, since the publication of “ General Orders,” No. 24, of De- cember 3, I860. r...PROMOTIONS. Adjutant General's Department. Lieutenant-Colonel Lorenzo Thomas, Assistant Adjutant General, to be Adjutant General with the rank of Colonel, March 7, 1861, rice Cooper, resigned. Brevet Major Edward I'. Townsend, Assistant Adjutant General, to be Assistant Adjutant General with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, March 7, 1861, rice Thomas, promoted. Brevet Captain Don Carlos Buell. Assistant Adjutant General, to be Assistant Adjutant General with the brevet rank of Major, February 25, 1861, vice Deas, resigned. Brevet Captain William A. Nichols, Assistant Adjutant General, to be Assistant Adjutant General with the brevet rank of Major, March 7, 1861, vice Townsend, promoted. Medical Department. Assistant Surgeon Lewis A. Edwards, to be Surgeon, February 19. 1861, vice De Leon, resigned. Assistant Surgeon John F. Hammond, to be Surgeon, February 25, 1861, vice Moore, resigned. Corps of Engineers. Brevet Second Lieutenant William E. Merrill, to be Second Lieutenant, February 20, 1861, the date of Captain Beauregard’s resignation. Brevet Second Lieutenant Chauncey B. Reese, to be Second Lieutenant, February 20, 1861, the date of Captain Whiting’s resig- nation. Ordnance Department. Second Lieutenant George C. Strong, to be First Lieutenant, January 25, lc61, vice Sill, resigned. Brevet Second Lieutenant Thomas G. Baylor, to be Second Lieu- tenant, January 25, 1861, vice Strong, promoted. -
Forty Years' Familiar Letters the Voliinteer'is Hand Book. AAJI
w w iiiy y E DIB SEMI-WEEKLY. [VOL. XL] FAYETTEVILLE, N. C.. APRIL 14, 1862. [NO. 1116.] PHIN'TED MONDAYS AND THURSDAYS. From ihe Cbarleston Courier. Class of 1833 Daniel Ru<;<;le3. LEGISLATURE OF NORTH CAROLINA. CONVENTION OF NORTH CAROLINA. A B aby ill the Camp.— A correspondent writ A LIST OF THE GENERAL OFFICERS IN THE j Class of 18H5 Junes M Withers. SEN.ATE. EDWARD J. HALE & SONS. Alamance— Giles Mebane, Thos. Ruffin. ing from Gen. Price’s army, says: ARMIES OF THE ( ONFEDERATE STATES. Claw of 18oG Joseph R Anderson, Lloyd Tilgh- Pa.^squotank and Perijuimons— J M Wh«dbee Alexander— A. M. Bogle. One of those episodes so familiar in every well El ITORS; a n d TROrRIETORS Tlie following interesting statistica of the Con- | man. Camden and Currituck — B F Simmons Ashe— J. E. Foster. regulated household occurred iu a tent a few even- federate .^ lu y organization are due to one of the j Class of 1837 Braxton Bragg, Wm 11 T Walker. Gates and Chowan— M L Eure rice fur ihc Semi-Weekly O b s e r v e r $3 00 if paiil In Anson— A. Myers, J. A. Leak. lugb siuce, under the medical auspices of that Itichiuond correspondents ol the Courier. In the | Pemberton, Arnold Elzoy, Hyde and '.^^rell— Jones Spencer mlvance; S3 50 if paid during ihe year of safcsarip- Bertie— S. B. Spruill, James Bond. prince ot medical directoi'o aud good fellows, Dr. list ot Bngadier-Generals in the Provisional Ar- | H Sibley, Jubal A Early, Northampton—J M S Rogers Beaufort— W. -
The Civil War Defenses of Washington
A Historic Resources Study: The Civil War Defenses of Washington Part I: Appendices A Historic Resources Study: The Civil War Defenses of Washington Part I: Appendices United States Department of Interior National Park Service National Capital Region Washington, DC Contract No. 144CX300096053 Modification# 1 Prepared by CEHP, Incorporated Chevy Chase, Maryland A Historic Resources Study: The Civil War Defens es of Washington Part I Appendices Appendix A: Alphabetical Listing of Forts, Batteries, and Blockhouses Appendix B: Alphabetical Listing of Known Fortification Owners, Their Representatives, and Fortifications on Their Land Appendix C: Naming of Forts Appendix D: Correspondence Concerning Appropriations for the Defenses of Washington Appendix E: General Reports about the Defenses Appendix F: Supplement to Commission Report Appendix G: Mostly Orders Pertaining to the Defenses of Washington Appendix H: A Sampling of Correspondence, Reports, Orders, Etc., Relating to the Battle of Fort Stevens Appendix I: Civil War Defenses of Washington Chronology Bibliography Appendix A. Alphabetical Listing of Forts,. Batteries, and Blockhouses Civil War Defenses of Washington Page A-1 Historic Resources Study Part I-Appendix A Appendix A: Alphabetical Listing of Forts, Batteries, and Blockhouses Fortification Known Landowner or their Representative Fort Albany James Roach and heirs, J.R. Johnson Battery Bailey Shoemaker family Fort Baker · Sarah E. Anderson, Ann A.C. Naylor & Susan M. Naylor Fort Barnard Philip J. Buckey, Sewall B. Corbettt Fort Bennett Wm. B. Ross, Attorney John H. Bogue, B.B. Lloyd Fort Berry Sewall B. Corbettt Blockhouse south of Fort Ellsworth Elizabeth Studds' heirs, George Studds Blockhouse between Fort Ellsworth & Fort Lyon, also battery Henry Studds Fort Bunker Hill Henry Quinn Fort C.F. -
The Civil War in Prince William County
The Civil War in Prince William County Text by Jan Townsend Edited and Expanded by James Burgess Prince William County Historical Commission 2011 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 3 Battle of First Manassas 5 Liberia 5 Mayfield Fort 6 Yorkshire (Wilmer McLean Home) 7 Blackburn’s Ford 8 Signal Hill 9 Ben Lomond Manor House 10 Henry Hill 11 Sudley Methodist Church 12 Potomac River Blockade 14 Freestone Point (Leesylvania State Park) 14 Cockpit Point (Possum Nose) Battery 15 William’s Ordinary (Love’s Tavern), Dumfries 16 Evansport - Shipping Point Batteries 17 Occoquan 18 Bacon Race Church Site 19 Wolf Run Shoals and Sally-Davis Ford Defenses 20 Battle of Second Manassas 22 Stone House 22 Lucinda Dogan House 23 Bloom (Conner) House 24 Thoroughfare Gap – Chapman’s (Beverley) Mill 25 Groveton Confederate Cemetery 26 Unfinished Railroad 27 Stone Bridge 28 Cavalry Operations and Mosby’s Confederacy 30 St. Paul’s Church, Haymarket 30 Selecman’s (Snyder’s) Ford 31 Hopewell Gap – Antioch Church 32 Evergreen 33 Greenwich 34 Ewell’s Chapel 35 Cannon Branch Fort 36 John Singleton Mosby 37 Battle of Bristoe Station 39 Bristoe Station 40 Brentsville 41 Battle of Buckland and the Buckland Races 44 Buckland 44 Manassas Town Cemetery (Confederate Monument) 45 Appendix A: Chronology of the Civil War in Prince William County 46 Appendix B: Map of Civil War Sites in Prince William County 49 2 Preface On April 17, 1861, five days after the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter and two days after President Lincoln’s call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion, the Virginia Convention passed an ordinance of secession. -
Virginia's Civil
Virginia’s Civil War A Guide to Manuscripts at the Virginia Historical Society A A., Jim, Letters, 1864. 2 items. Photocopies. Mss2A1b. This collection contains photocopies of two letters home from a member of the 30th Virginia Infantry Regiment. The first letter, 11 April 1864, concerns camp life near Kinston, N.C., and an impending advance of a Confederate ironclad on the Neuse River against New Bern, N.C. The second letter, 11 June 1864, includes family news, a description of life in the trenches on Turkey Hill in Henrico County during the battle of Cold Harbor, and speculation on Ulysses S. Grant's strategy. The collection includes typescript copies of both letters. Aaron, David, Letter, 1864. 1 item. Mss2AA753a1. A letter, 10 November 1864, from David Aaron to Dr. Thomas H. Williams of the Confederate Medical Department concerning Durant da Ponte, a reporter from the Richmond Whig, and medical supplies received by the CSS Stonewall. Albright, James W., Diary, 1862–1865. 1 item. Printed copy. Mss5:1AL155:1. Kept by James W. Albright of the 12th Virginia Artillery Battalion, this diary, 26 June 1862–9 April 1865, contains entries concerning the unit's service in the Seven Days' battles, the Suffolk and Petersburg campaigns, and the Appomattox campaign. The diary was printed in the Asheville Gazette News, 29 August 1908. Alexander, Thomas R., Account Book, 1848–1887. 1 volume. Mss5:3AL276:1. Kept by Thomas R. Alexander (d. 1866?), a Prince William County merchant, this account book, 1848–1887, contains a list, 1862, of merchandise confiscated by an unidentified Union cavalry regiment and the 49th New York Infantry Regiment of the Army of the Potomac. -
An Analysis of Robert E. Lee and His Corps Commanders in the Civil War
CHAIN OF COMMAND: AN ANALYSIS OF ROBERT E. LEE AND HIS CORPS COMMANDERS IN THE CIVIL WAR Aaron D. Lewis A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2016 Committee: Benjamin Greene, Advisor A. Dwayne Beggs Michael E. Brooks © 2016 Aaron Lewis All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Benjamin Greene, Advisor Robert E. Lee remains a mythical figure within the culture of the southern United States. Proponents of the Southern “Lost Cause of the Confederacy” argued that he embodied the idea of Southern morality and toughness. Lee’s accomplishments on the battlefield are what brought him such admiration in the south. The Confederate cause of “freedom,” Southerners believed, was still attainable as long as Marse Robert commanded the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee frequently led his undersized and under-equipped army to victory over the Union armies of the Eastern Theatre during the first half of the Civil War. Using a wide variety of primary sources, from the Official Records to the personal letters and memoirs of Civil War commanders, I argue that Lee directly benefitted from the abilities of Stonewall Jackson, and once he died, Lee’s ability to win on the battlefield greatly diminished. Victories at Antietam and Chancellorsville were the product of Lee’s quick-thinking, boldness, and a clear explanation of what he expected of his commanders, as well as the incompetence of the Union commanders he faced. Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg, however, is the product of poor clarification by Lee as to what he expected of his commanders, and his inability to consider the input of his subordinates.