The SAN MATEO COUNTY ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY November December 2019 Issue: 663Rd General Meeting Notice: December 6, 2019

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The SAN MATEO COUNTY ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY November December 2019 Issue: 663Rd General Meeting Notice: December 6, 2019 The SAN MATEO COUNTY ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY November December 2019 Issue: 663rd General Meeting Notice: December 6, 2019 Founded in 1960, the San Mateo County Astronomical So- ciety is a 501(c)(3) non-profit or- ganization for amateur astrono- mers and interested members of the public. Visitors may attend Society meetings and lectures on the first Friday of each month, September to June, and star parties two Saturdays a month. All events are free for visitors and guests. Family memberships are offered at a nominal annual cost. Detailed membership information is found at http://www.smcasas- tro.com/membership.html where those who want can join via PayPal. Membership also in- cludes access to our Event Hori- zon newsletter, discounted costs and subscriptions to calendars and magazines, monthly star parties of the Society and the College of San Mateo, use of loaner telescopes, field trips, so- cial occasions and general meetings presenting guest speakers and programs. For ad- Figure 1: Photo of the November 11, 2019 planet Mercury’s solar transit taken by ditional information, please Mike Bechler, a friend of SMCAS members Mary Ann McKay and Ed Pease. Mercury email us at [email protected], is the small disc inside the red box. More on the 2019 Mercury transit on Page 12. or call (650) 678-2762. Membership forms are availa- ble near the end of this news- letter beginning on page 22. 1 Table of Contents Upcoming 2019 SMCAS Events: .................................................................................................................... 3 Solar System Rise and Set Times: ................................................................................................................. 3 President’s Corner: ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Announcements: .......................................................................................................................................... 5 My tenure as Event Horizon editor will be ending soon: .........................................................................................5 Outreach Volunteers Needed at Upcoming Girl Scouts Family Night Events ............................................................5 GalileoScopes For Christmas ..................................................................................................................................6 2019 Year End Publication Order Pickup .................................................................................................................6 SMCAS General Meeting and Presentation Announcement .......................................................................... 7 Probing Fundamental Physics with Strong Gravitational Lensing .................................................................. 8 Types of Gravitational Lensing: ..............................................................................................................................9 Types of Gravitational Lensing images: ..................................................................................................................9 Surveys Looking for Gravitational Lensing: ........................................................................................................... 10 Gravitational Lensing Applications: ...................................................................................................................... 10 2019 Mercury Transit ................................................................................................................................. 12 CSM Family Science and Astronomy Festival + Makerspace ........................................................................ 13 SMCAS Fall Equinox Party .......................................................................................................................... 14 SLAC/KIPAC Community Day ...................................................................................................................... 15 NASA Night Sky Notes:............................................................................................................................... 17 The Orion Nebula: Window into a Stellar Nursery ................................................................................................ 17 Crestview Star Party .................................................................................................................................. 19 Directions to SMCAS Public Star Parties (Weather Permitting): ................................................................... 20 Become an SMCAS Member Today! Here’s what you get: .......................................................................... 22 Annual Dues: ....................................................................................................................................................... 22 To join you can: ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Areas of Interest: ................................................................................................................................................ 23 2 Upcoming 2019 SMCAS Events: Saturday, November 30, 2019, 4:50 –9 pm: Crestview Star Party (Page 19) Friday, December 6, 2019, 7 –9:30 pm: CSM General Meeting (Page 7) Saturday, December 7, 2019, 5:30-7:30 pm: Free Stargazing at CSM Observatory Tuesday, December 10, 2019, 5–6 pm: Girl Scouts Family Night (Page 5) Wednesday, December 11, 2019, 5:15–6:15 pm: Girl Scouts Family Night (Page 5) Friday, December 13, 2019, 7:30–8 pm and 8:30–9 pm: The Sky Tonight Planetarium Shows Thursday, December 19, 2019, 5–6 pm: Girl Scouts Family Night (Page 5) Saturday, December 21, 2019, 4:50 –9 pm: Crestview Star Party (Page 19) Saturday, December 28, 2019, 4:50 –9 pm: Crestview Star Party (Page 19) Solar System Rise and Set Times: By Ron Cardinale Rise set times from http://www.almanac.com/astronomy/rise/CA/San%20Carlos/ Jupiter’s moons' positions from http://www.shallowsky.com/jupiter/ 3 President’s Corner: Hello Friends. I want to thank the Society members who helped with our successful social and outreach events during October and November. The CSM Family Science Day and Astronomy Festival on Oct. 5th was a great success, drawing hundreds, and perhaps over 1,000 enthusias- tic visitors. We had great participation from our club members and also by our fellow present- ers from SLAC/KIPAC, and the keynote talk by Dr. Brian Day was so popular that there is senti- ment to invite him back next year. Jazz Under the Stars was especially enjoyable with back- ground music provided by two superb live jazz musicians. See the article on Page 13. October 12th was our Autumnal Equinox Potluck event and, while I was indisposed with the flu, I understand a good time was had by all. See the article on Page 14. The SLAC/KIPAC Community Day on Oct. 19th was also very popular. We were able to offer dozens of folks their own planispheres, introductions to telescope optical systems, and looks through telescopes at Jupiter and Saturn. See the article on Page 15. Then, on November 9th, a number of us attended the Girl Scout Night Owl Badge event at Sky- lark Ranch, south of Pescadero, CA. There was a bright Moon, but the tree line obscured it until late. It was a rewarding event, and a good time. The girls, their counselors and escorts were very appreciative. We have three more opportunities to support Girl Scout programs in elementary schools on December 10th, 11th (full-Moon nights, in Daly City) and 19th (in East Palo Alto). Ed Pieret is seeking volunteers with telescopes, so please check out his newsgroup emails or the article on Page 5. It’s only a one-hour program in each case. One more thing. Our newsletter, the Event Horizon, is a fine publication, and we’ve been for- tunate to have had some excellent editors, most recently Bill Lockman, who’s been doing a superb job. However, his was always a short-term stint and, he now needs to relinquish the task. So, I appeal to anyone seeking an active role in club activities to consider heading it up for a while. There’s plenty of guidance available. You can follow, or alter, the form and content. Plus, we can form a Bulletin Committee, whose members can share feature preparation. Any- one interested, please contact any of us on the Board, and we would be happy to discuss what you might like to do. Thank you all for your participation. I look forward to seeing you all at the December 6th monthly meeting. Mike Ryan, President, San Mateo County Astronomical Society [email protected] 4 Announcements: My tenure as Event Horizon editor will be ending soon: Last March, 2019, I took on the task of the Event Horizon newsletter editor for one year, as agreed to by the SMCAS Board. This tenure will end with the publication of the upcoming January-March 2020 issue of the Event Horizon. The SMCAS Board will be looking for a new editor in the meantime. If you are interested, please respond to the message titled “My tenure as Event Horizon editor will be ending soon” In [email protected] Bill Lockman Outreach Volunteers Needed at Upcoming Girl Scouts Family Night Events The Girl Scouts of Northern California are providing 12 weeks of STEM education as part of after school programs at schools in underserved communities. The Family Night is at the end of those 12 weeks and is an opportunity for the girls to show their
Recommended publications
  • Source-Plane Reconstruction of the Giant Gravitational Arc in A2667: a Candidate Wolf–Rayet Galaxy At
    SOURCE-PLANE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GIANT GRAVITATIONAL ARC IN A2667: A CANDIDATE WOLF–RAYET GALAXY AT z ∼ 1 Shuo Cao, Giovanni Covone, Eric Jullo, Johan Richard, Luca Izzo, Zong-Hong Zhu To cite this version: Shuo Cao, Giovanni Covone, Eric Jullo, Johan Richard, Luca Izzo, et al.. SOURCE-PLANE RE- CONSTRUCTION OF THE GIANT GRAVITATIONAL ARC IN A2667: A CANDIDATE WOLF– RAYET GALAXY AT z ∼ 1. Astronomical Journal, American Astronomical Society, 2015, 149, pp.8. 10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/3. hal-01109685 HAL Id: hal-01109685 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01109685 Submitted on 26 Jan 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Astronomical Journal, 149:3 (8pp), 2015 January doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/3 C 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. SOURCE-PLANE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GIANT GRAVITATIONAL ARC IN A2667: A CANDIDATE WOLF–RAYET GALAXY AT z ∼ 1 Shuo Cao1,2, Giovanni Covone2,3, Eric Jullo4, Johan Richard5, Luca Izzo6,7, and Zong-Hong Zhu1 1 Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China; [email protected] 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universita` di Napoli “Federico II,” Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy 3 INFN Sez.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1801.05235V1 [Astro-Ph.CO] 16 Jan 2018
    YITP-18-04 KUNS-2714 RUP-18-2 Primordial Black Holes - Perspectives in Gravitational Wave Astronomy - Misao Sasakia, Teruaki Suyamab, Takahiro Tanakac;a, and Shuichiro Yokoyamad;e a Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan b Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan c Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan d Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan e Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan Abstract This is a review article on the primordial black holes (PBHs), with particular focus on 15 the massive ones (& 10 g) which have not evaporated by the present epoch by the Hawking radiation. By the detections of gravitational waves by LIGO, we have gained a completely novel tool to observationally search for PBHs complementary to the electromagnetic waves. Based on the perspective that gravitational-wave astronomy will make a significant progress in the next decades, a purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive review covering a wide range of topics on PBHs. After discussing PBH formation as well as several inflation models leading to PBH production, we summarize various existing and future observational constraints. We then present topics on formation of PBH binaries, gravitational waves from PBH binaries, various observational tests of PBHs by using gravitational waves. arXiv:1801.05235v1 [astro-ph.CO] 16 Jan 2018 1 Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Formation of PBHs 6 2.1 Basis of primordial black holes formation in the early Universe .
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report ESO Staff Papers 2018
    ESO Staff Publications (2018) Peer-reviewed publications by ESO scientists The ESO Library maintains the ESO Telescope Bibliography (telbib) and is responsible for providing paper-based statistics. Publications in refereed journals based on ESO data (2018) can be retrieved through telbib: ESO data papers 2018. Access to the database for the years 1996 to present as well as an overview of publication statistics are available via http://telbib.eso.org and from the "Basic ESO Publication Statistics" document. Papers that use data from non-ESO telescopes or observations obtained with hosted telescopes are not included. The list below includes papers that are (co-)authored by ESO authors, with or without use of ESO data. It is ordered alphabetically by first ESO-affiliated author. Gravity Collaboration, Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Shajib, A.J., Treu, T. & Agnello, A., 2018, Improving time- Berger, J.P., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Clénet, Y., delay cosmography with spatially resolved kinematics, Coudé Du Foresto, V., de Zeeuw, P.T., et al. , 2018, MNRAS, 473, 210 [ADS] Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular Treu, T., Agnello, A., Baumer, M.A., Birrer, S., Buckley-Geer, orbit of the massive black hole SgrA*, A&A, 618, L10 E.J., Courbin, F., Kim, Y.J., Lin, H., Marshall, P.J., Nord, [ADS] B., et al. , 2018, The STRong lensing Insights into the Gravity Collaboration, Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) 2016 follow-up Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J.P., Blind, N., campaign - I. Overview and classification of candidates Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., et al.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERPRETING HIGH RESOLUTION SUNYAEV ZEL'dovich EFFECT MEASUREMENTS with MUSTANG Charles Romero Fort Collins, CO B.A., Univers
    INTERPRETING HIGH RESOLUTION SUNYAEV ZEL’DOVICH EFFECT MEASUREMENTS WITH MUSTANG Charles Romero Fort Collins, CO B.A., University of Colorado, 2009 M.S., University of Virginia, 2011 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Astronomy University of Virginia August, 2015 Brian Mason Craig Sarazin Mark Whittle Mike Skrutskie Barry Condron c Copyright by ° Charles Romero All rights reserved August, 2015 ii Acknowledgements There are many people I must thank for inspiring and supporting my path towards a graduate degree in astronomy. Certainly somewhere in elementary school, between the science classes and fairs, my interest in science took formation. Thus, I wish to thanks all the science teachers and volunteers whom I have encountered who have taught me that science is cool, fun, interesting, and ever growing. I thank my advisor, Brian Mason, for introducing me to the Sunyaev Zel’dovich effect and means of observing it. Brian has been an excellent advisor for me; he has pushed me when I needed motivation and given my space when I needed some time off. To my collaborators, I am grateful for the collegiality and willingness to answer any questions (simple or otherwise) I may have had. To those at the astronomy de- partment at the University of Virginia, I am thankful for the opportunities presented and the guidance offered. Of course, my family: Henry, Paolo, and Marian Romero have encouraged me from the start (from my earliest interests in science) through graduate school and have been more supportive than I could have asked of them to be.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1405.3303V2 [Astro-Ph.CO] 8 Jul 2014 High-Redshift)
    Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 000–000 (0000) Printed 17 August 2021 (MN LATEX style file v2.2) Mass and magnification maps for the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields clusters: implications for high redshift studies Johan Richard1?, Mathilde Jauzac2;3, Marceau Limousin4, Eric Jullo4, Benjamin Clement´ 5, Harald Ebeling6, Jean-Paul Kneib7, Hakim Atek7, Priya Natarajan8, Eiichi Egami5, Rachael Livermore9, Richard Bower3 1CRAL, Observatoire de Lyon, Universite´ Lyon 1, 9 Avenue Ch. Andre,´ 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France 2Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa 3Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K. 4Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, CNRS- Universite´ Aix-Marseille, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France 5Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA 6Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 7 Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fed´ erale´ de Lausanne, Observatoire de Sauverny, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland 8 Department of Astronomy, Yale University, 260 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA 9 Department of Astronomy, the University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA Draft version; for submission to MNRAS ABSTRACT Extending over three Hubble Space Telescope (HST) cycles, the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) initiative constitutes the largest commitment ever of HST time to the exploration of the distant Universe via gravitational lensing by massive galaxy clusters. Here, we present models of the mass distribution in the six HFF cluster lenses, derived from a joint strong- and weak-lensing analysis anchored by a total of 88 multiple-image systems identified in existing HST data.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting Abstracts
    228th AAS San Diego, CA – June, 2016 Meeting Abstracts Session Table of Contents 100 – Welcome Address by AAS President Photoionized Plasmas, Tim Kallman (NASA 301 – The Polarization of the Cosmic Meg Urry GSFC) Microwave Background: Current Status and 101 – Kavli Foundation Lecture: Observation 201 – Extrasolar Planets: Atmospheres Future Prospects of Gravitational Waves, Gabriela Gonzalez 202 – Evolution of Galaxies 302 – Bridging Laboratory & Astrophysics: (LIGO) 203 – Bridging Laboratory & Astrophysics: Atomic Physics in X-rays 102 – The NASA K2 Mission Molecules in the mm II 303 – The Limits of Scientific Cosmology: 103 – Galaxies Big and Small 204 – The Limits of Scientific Cosmology: Town Hall 104 – Bridging Laboratory & Astrophysics: Setting the Stage 304 – Star Formation in a Range of Dust & Ices in the mm and X-rays 205 – Small Telescope Research Environments 105 – College Astronomy Education: Communities of Practice: Research Areas 305 – Plenary Talk: From the First Stars and Research, Resources, and Getting Involved Suitable for Small Telescopes Galaxies to the Epoch of Reionization: 20 106 – Small Telescope Research 206 – Plenary Talk: APOGEE: The New View Years of Computational Progress, Michael Communities of Practice: Pro-Am of the Milky Way -- Large Scale Galactic Norman (UC San Diego) Communities of Practice Structure, Jo Bovy (University of Toronto) 308 – Star Formation, Associations, and 107 – Plenary Talk: From Space Archeology 208 – Classification and Properties of Young Stellar Objects in the Milky Way to Serving
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2002.12778V2 [Astro-Ph.CO] 9 May 2021 8
    CONSTRAINTS ON PRIMORDIAL BLACK HOLES Bernard Carr,1, 2, ∗ Kazunori Kohri,3, 4, 5, y Yuuiti Sendouda,6, z and Jun'ichi Yokoyama2, 5, 7, 8, x 1School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK 2Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 3KEK Theory Center, IPNS, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan 4The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan 5Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan 6Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan 7Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 8Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (Dated: Tuesday 11th May, 2021, 00:43) We update the constraints on the fraction of the Universe that may have gone into primordial black holes (PBHs) over the mass range 10−5{1050 g. Those smaller than ∼ 1015 g would have evaporated by now due to Hawking radiation, so their abundance at formation is constrained by the effects of evaporated particles on big bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the Galactic and extragalactic γ-ray and cosmic ray backgrounds and the possible generation of stable Planck mass relics. PBHs larger than ∼ 1015 g are subject to a variety of constraints associated with gravitational lensing, dynamical effects, influence on large-scale structure, accretion and gravitational waves.
    [Show full text]
  • Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai'i at M¯Anoa Publications In
    Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai‘i at Manoa¯ Publications in Calendar Year 2009 Abazajian, K. N., et al., including Hoblitt, J., Magnier, E., Bagatin, A. C., Michel, P., & Bus, S. J. Preface to Special Is- Pope, A. C., Price, P. A., Szapudi, I. The Seventh Data sue VII Workshop on Catastrophic Disruption in the Solar Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. ApJS, 182, 543– System. Planet. Space Sci., 57, 109–110 (2009) 558 (2009) Bakos, G. A., Howard, A. W., Noyes, R. W., Hartman, J., Akeson, R., et al., including Johnson, J. The Value of Torres, G., Kovacs,´ G., Fischer, D. A., Latham, D. W., the Keck Observatory to NASA and Its Scientific Com- Johnson, J. A., et al. HAT-P-13b,c: A Transiting Hot munity. astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Jupiter with a Massive Outer Companion on an Eccentric Decadal Survey, 2010, no. 1P (2009) Orbit. ApJ, 707, 446–456 (2009) Alcock, C., including Kudritzki, R.-P. Statement from AC- Bakos, G. A.,´ et al., including Johnson, J. A. HAT-P-10b: A CORD for ASTRO2010. astro2010: The Astronomy and Light and Moderately Hot Jupiter Transiting A K Dwarf. Astrophysics Decadal Survey, 2010, no. 27P (2009) ApJ, 696, 1950–1955 (2009) Allers, K. N., Liu, M. C., Shkolnik, E., Cushing, Bally, J., Walawender, J., Reipurth, B., & Megeath, S. T. M. C., Dupuy, T. J., Mathews, et al. 2MASS Outflows and Young Stars in Orion’s Large Cometary 22344161+4041387AB: A Wide, Young, Accreting, Clouds L1622 and L1634. AJ, 137, 3843–3858 (2009) Low-Mass Binary in the LkHα233 Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Supernovae Seen Through Gravitational Telescopes
    Supernovae seen through gravitational telescopes Tanja Petrushevska Academic dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics at Stockholm University to be publicly defended on Monday 29 May 2017 at 10.15 in sal FB42, AlbaNova universitetscentrum, Roslagstullsbacken 21. Abstract Galaxies, and clusters of galaxies, can act as gravitational lenses and magnify the light of objects behind them. The effect enables observations of very distant supernovae, that otherwise would be too faint to be detected by existing telescopes, and allows studies of the frequency and properties of these rare phenomena when the universe was young. Under the right circumstances, multiple images of the lensed supernovae can be observed, and due to the variable nature of the objects, the difference between the arrival times of the images can be measured. Since the images have taken different paths through space before reaching us, the time-differences are sensitive to the expansion rate of the universe. One class of supernovae, Type Ia, are of particular interest to detect. Their well known brightness can be used to determine the magnification, which can be used to understand the lensing systems. In this thesis, galaxy clusters are used as gravitational telescopes to search for lensed supernovae at high redshift. Ground- based, near-infrared and optical search campaigns are described of the massive clusters Abell 1689 and 370, which are among the most powerful gravitational telescopes known. The search resulted in the discovery of five photometrically classified, core-collapse supernovae at redshifts of 0.671<z<1.703 with significant magnification from the cluster. Owing to the power of the lensing cluster, the volumetric core-collapse supernova rates for 0.4 ≤ z < 2.9 were calculated, and found to be in good agreement with previous estimates and predictions from cosmic star formation history.
    [Show full text]
  • ASTRONOMERS SPY MOST DISTANT STAR Astronomers Call It a Lensed Star Because Gravitational Microlensing Magnified Its Light Some 2,000 Times
    ASTRONOMERS SPY MOST DISTANT STAR Astronomers call it a Lensed Star because gravitational microlensing magnified its light some 2,000 times. Astronomers said on April 2, 2018, that they used the Hubble Space Telescope to find the most distant star yet. This star is at least 100 times farther away than the next individual star ever seen, except for supernova explosions. Normally, when we talk about objects at this very great distance – in this case, seen at a time only 4.4 billion years after the Big Bang – we’re talking about supernova explosions, or other very, very bright objects or events in the universe, perhaps galaxies containing of billions of stars, or galaxy clusters, or energetic processes going on within galaxies. But this discovery is of a single star. It’s a hot blue star – called Lensed This image shows the the distant galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+223. After being magnified some 2,000 times via gravitational microlensing, Star 1, or LS1, by astronomers – whose light the star LS1 appeared within a galaxy in this cluster. was magnified some 2,000 times via a technique called gravitational microlensing. The scientists said in a statement that the discovery provides new insight into the formation and evolution of stars in the early universe, the constituents of galaxy clusters and also on the nature of dark matter. As so often happens in astronomy, the astronomers were looking at something else – a supernova explosion in the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5-223 – when they found this very distant star in April 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomy C - Page 1 Team Number
    MIT Invitational Astronomy C - Page 1 Team Number: MIT Invitational, Jan 2020 Astronomy C Competitors: School name: Team number: INSTRUCTIONS 1. Please turn in all materials at the end of the event. 2. You may separate the pages, but do not forget to put your team number at the top of every page. 3. Copy your multiple choice answers to the answer page. 4. Do not worry about significant figures. Use 3 or more in your answers, regardless of how many are in the question. 5. Please do not access the internet during the event. If you do so, your team will be disqualified. 6. Good luck! And may the stars be with you! Written by: Dhruva Karkada, Aditya Shah, Asher Noel, Antonio Frigo MIT Invitational Astronomy C - Page 2 Team Number: Section A (40 pts) 1. Which image depicts NGC 2623? 6. What is the mass of the black hole in H1821+643, A. Image 2 in solar masses? B. Image 7 A. 5 million C. Image 1 B. 30 million D. Image 4 C. 5 billion D. 30 billion 2. Why is star formation prominent in the tails? A. The tails contain multiple quasars, which aid 7. What is cooling flow? in star formation A. Gas flows into a cluster due to the cooling of B. The tails are rich in WHIM, which helps cool core gas the interstellar gas B. The flow of intergalactic gas through the C. Gravitational interactions cause clouds of cluster causes the WHIM to cool gas in the tails to be compressed C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution of Active Galactic Nuclei in a Large Sample of Galaxy Clusters
    Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 392, 1509–1531 (2009) doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14161.x The distribution of active galactic nuclei in a large sample of galaxy clusters R. Gilmour,1,2 P. Best 2 and O. Almaini3 1European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile 2Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ 3School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD Accepted 2008 October 28. Received 2008 October 3; in original form 2008 June 13 ABSTRACT We present an analysis of the X-ray point source populations in 182 Chandra images of galaxy clusters at z > 0.1 with exposure time >10 ks, as well as 44 non-cluster fields. The analysis of the number and flux of these sources, using a detailed pipeline to predict the distribution of non-cluster sources in each field, reveals an excess of X-ray point sources associated with the galaxy clusters. A sample of 148 galaxy clusters at 0.1 < z < 0.9, with no other nearby clusters, shows an excess of 230 cluster sources in total, an average of ∼1.5 sources per cluster. The lack of optical data for these clusters limits the physical interpretation of this result, as we cannot calculate the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting X-ray sources. However, the fluxes of the excess sources indicate that over half of them are very likely to be active galactic nuclei (AGN), and the radial distribution shows that they are quite evenly distributed over the central 1 Mpc of the cluster, with almost no sources found beyond this radius.
    [Show full text]