The Influence of Pollinators and Seed Predation on Seed Production in Dwarf Grassland Protea
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Banksia Vincentia (Proteaceae), a New Species Known from Fourteen Plants from South-Eastern New South Wales, Australia
Phytotaxa 163 (5): 269–286 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.3 Could this be Australia’s rarest Banksia? Banksia vincentia (Proteaceae), a new species known from fourteen plants from south-eastern New South Wales, Australia MARGARET L. STIMPSON1, JEREMY J. BRUHL1 & PETER H. WESTON2 1 Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 2 National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia Abstract Possession of hooked, distinctively discolorous styles, a broadly flabellate common bract subtending each flower pair, and a lignotuber place a putative new species, Banksia sp. Jervis Bay, in the B. spinulosa complex. Phenetic analysis of individuals from all named taxa in the B. spinulosa complex, including B. sp. Jervis Bay, based on leaf, floral, seed and bract characters support recognition of this species, which is described here as Banksia vincentia M.L.Stimpson & P.H.Weston. Known only from fourteen individuals, B. vincentia is distinguished by its semi-prostrate habit, with basally prostrate, distally ascending branches from the lignotuber, and distinctive perianth colouring. Its geographical location and ecological niche also separate it from its most similar congeners. Introduction The Banksia spinulosa complex has a complicated taxonomic history (Table 1). Smith (1793) first described and named B. spinulosa Sm., and subsequent botanists named two close relatives, B. collina R.Br. and B. -
Salesforce Park Garden Guide
Start Here! D Central Lawn Children’s Play Area Garden Guide6 Palm Garden 1 Australian Garden Start Here! D Central Lawn Salesforce Park showcases7 California over Garden 50 species of Children’s Play Area 2 Mediterraneantrees and Basin over 230 species of understory plants. 6 Palm Garden -ã ¼ÜÊ ÊăØÜ ØÊèÜãE úØƀØÊèÃJapanese Maples ¼ÃØ Ê¢ 1 Australian Garden 3 Prehistoric¢ØÕè¼«ÕØÊ£ØÂÜÃã«ó«ã«Üŧ¼«¹ĆãÃÜÜ Garden 7 California Garden ¼ÜÜÜŧÊÃØãÜŧÃØ¢ã«Ã£¼ÜÜÜũF Amphitheater Garden Guide 2 Mediterranean Basin 4 Wetland Garden Main Lawn E Japanese Maples Salesforce Park showcases over 50 species of 3 Prehistoric Garden trees and over 230 species of understory plants. A Oak Meadow 8 Desert Garden F Amphitheater It also offers a robust year-round calendar of 4 Wetland Garden Main Lawn free public programs and activities, like fitness B Bamboo Grove 9 Fog Garden Desert Garden classes, concerts, and crafting classes! A Oak Meadow 8 5 Redwood Forest 10 Chilean Garden B Bamboo Grove 9 Fog Garden C Main Plaza 11 South African 10 Chilean Garden Garden 5 Redwood Forest C Main Plaza 11 South African Garden 1 Children’s Australian Play Area Garden ABOUT THE GARDENS The botanist aboard the Endeavor, Sir Joseph Banks, is credited with introducing many plants from Australia to the western world, and many This 5.4 acre park has a layered soil system that plants today bear his name. balances seismic shifting, collects and filters storm- water, and irrigates the gardens. Additionally, the soil Native to eastern Australia, Grass Trees may grow build-up and dense planting help offset the urban only 3 feet in 100 years, and mature plants can be heat island effect by lowering the air temperature. -
Entomology of the Aucklands and Other Islands South of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, Ex Cluding Non-Crambine Pyralidae
Pacific Insects Monograph 27: 55-172 10 November 1971 ENTOMOLOGY OF THE AUCKLANDS AND OTHER ISLANDS SOUTH OF NEW ZEALAND: LEPIDOPTERA, EX CLUDING NON-CRAMBINE PYRALIDAE By J. S. Dugdale1 CONTENTS Introduction 55 Acknowledgements 58 Faunal Composition and Relationships 58 Faunal List 59 Key to Families 68 1. Arctiidae 71 2. Carposinidae 73 Coleophoridae 76 Cosmopterygidae 77 3. Crambinae (pt Pyralidae) 77 4. Elachistidae 79 5. Geometridae 89 Hyponomeutidae 115 6. Nepticulidae 115 7. Noctuidae 117 8. Oecophoridae 131 9. Psychidae 137 10. Pterophoridae 145 11. Tineidae... 148 12. Tortricidae 156 References 169 Note 172 Abstract: This paper deals with all Lepidoptera, excluding the non-crambine Pyralidae, of Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes and Snares Is. The native resident fauna of these islands consists of 42 species of which 21 (50%) are endemic, in 27 genera, of which 3 (11%) are endemic, in 12 families. The endemic fauna is characterised by brachyptery (66%), body size under 10 mm (72%) and concealed, or strictly ground- dwelling larval life. All species can be related to mainland forms; there is a distinctive pre-Pleistocene element as well as some instances of possible Pleistocene introductions, as suggested by the presence of pairs of species, one member of which is endemic but fully winged. A graph and tables are given showing the composition of the fauna, its distribution, habits, and presumed derivations. Host plants or host niches are discussed. An additional 7 species are considered to be non-resident waifs. The taxonomic part includes keys to families (applicable only to the subantarctic fauna), and to genera and species. -
Nota Lepidopterologica
©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 15 (3/4) : 179-183 ; 30.IV. 1993 ISSN 0342-7536 A new lycaenid butterfly from China : Satyrium redae sp.n. (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae) G. C. Bozano Viale Romagna 76, 1-20133 Milano, Italy Summary Satyrium redae sp.n. is described from South Gansu, China. The anatomical and morphological characters are typical of the genus Satyrium (Scudder, 1876) except the presence of a dark white-edged bar at the end of the cell on the fore- and hindwing underside. The new species is compared with Satyrium v-album (Oberthür, 1886) and S. iyonis (Ota & Kusunoki, 1957). Résumé Description de Satyrium redae sp.n. du Kansu méridional en Chine. Les caractères anatomiques et morphologiques sont typiques du genre Satyrium (Scudder, 1878), sauf la présence d'une barre foncée à bords blancs à l'extrémité de la cellule sur la face inférieure des ailes antérieures et postérieures. Comparaison de la nouvelle espèce avec Satyrium v-album (Oberthür, 1886) et S. iyonis (Ota & Kusunoki, 1957). Seven males of a previously undescribed species of Satyrium (Scudder, 1876) were collected on June 3 1991 at Huixian, South Gansu, China, at an altitude of 1250 m. Huixian is located on the western side of the Qin Ling mountain ridge and is the southernmost locality on the road connecting Baoji (Shaanxi Region) to Tianshui (Gansu Region). Satyrium redae sp.n. Holotype : Male ; "Huixian, mt. 1250, South Gansu, China, 3. VI. 1991". Deposited in the Museo di Storia Naturale A. Doria, Genoa, Italy. Paratypes : 4 males, same locality and date, in coll. -
Chapter 1: General Introduction and Aims
Margaret L. Stimpson Banksia spinulosa complex Chapter 1: General introduction and aims “The history of science, like the history of all human ideas, is a history of irresponsible dreams, of obstinacy, and of error. But science is one of the very few human activities perhaps the only one in which errors are systematically criticized and fairly often, in time, corrected. This is why we can say that, in science, we often learn from our mistakes, and why we can speak clearly and sensibly about making progress there.” (Popper 1963 p. 216) Proteaceae and Banksia The flowering plant family Proteaceae is predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere and represents a classic Gondwanan clade, with fossils dating to c. 94 Mya, i.e., shortly after the separation of Africa from the rest of Gondwana (Guerin and Hill 2006). The family comprises about 80 genera with c. 1700 species, c.1450 of which are distributed in Australia and South Africa, which have the greatest concentrations of diversity (APG III 2009). There are also about 83 species in 8 genera in South and Central America (Prance and Plana 1998). Well known genera in the Proteaceae clade include Telopea, Protea, Banksia, Grevillea, Hakea, and Macadamia. The New South Wales floral emblem is the Waratah (Telopea speciosissima); Banksia, Grevillea, and Leucadendron are popular cut flowers, while the nuts of Macadamia integrifolia are widely grown commercially. The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae subfam. Grevilleoideae) was first described on the basis of four species collected by Banks and Solander during the Cook voyage in 1770 (Thiele and Ladiges 1996; Collins et al. -
Pathogens Associated with Diseases. of Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron Spp
PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES. OF PROTEA, LEUCOSPERMUM AND LEUCADENDRON SPP. Lizeth Swart Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Prof. P. W. Crous Decem ber 1999 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION 1, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted at any university for a degree. SIGNATURE: DATE: Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES OF PROTEA, LEUCOSPERMUM ANDLEUCADENDRONSPP. SUMMARY The manuscript consists of six chapters that represent research on different diseases and records of new diseases of the Proteaceae world-wide. The fungal descriptions presented in this thesis are not effectively published, and will thus be formally published elsewhere in scientific journals. Chapter one is a review that gives a detailed description of the major fungal pathogens of the genera Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron, as reported up to 1996. The pathogens are grouped according to the diseases they cause on roots, leaves, stems and flowers, as well as the canker causing fungi. In chapter two, several new fungi occurring on leaves of Pro tea, Leucospermum, Telopea and Brabejum collected from South Africa, Australia or New Zealand are described. The following fungi are described: Cladophialophora proteae, Coniolhyrium nitidae, Coniothyrium proteae, Coniolhyrium leucospermi,Harknessia leucospermi, Septoria prolearum and Mycosphaerella telopeae spp. nov. Furthermore, two Phylloslicla spp., telopeae and owaniana are also redecribed. The taxonomy of the Eisinoe spp. -
Protea Newsletter International
Protea Newsletter International An eNewsletter for the International Protea Industry and Scientific Community to Promote Communication, Cooperation and the Advancement of Science, Technology, Production and Marketing (and to promote the Hawaii Protea Industry) Volume 2, Number 1, April 2009 Editor: Ken Leonhardt Chairman, lnternational Protea Working Group (IPWG), International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) Professor, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii USA Contents: A visit to South Africa ............................................................................. 2 International Horticulture Congress announcement .................................. 3 New protea poster from the University of Hawaii..................................... 4 A message from the Hawaii State Protea Growers Corporation ................ 4 A message from the Zimbabwe Protea Association .................................. 5 Protea nightlife ....................................................................................... 6 Proteaceae cultivar development and uses ................................................ 6 Sample costs to establish and produce protea ........................................... 6 Research funding awarded by the IPA...................................................... 7 New cultivar registrations......................................................................... 7 Recent books on Proteaceae .................................................................... -
(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Protea Nitida in South Africa
Zootaxa 3694 (2): 178–184 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3694.2.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1FCE5CE1-4E3F-46B5-B7AC-F712D9F56180 A new species of Dialeurolobus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Protea nitida in South Africa I.M. MILLAR1 & J.W. DOOLEY2 1 Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121 South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] 2United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 389 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 2A, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Dialeurolobus proteae sp. nov. is described from Protea nitida (Proteaceae) in South Africa, and from specimens inter- cepted on protea plants imported into the U.S.A. from South Africa. Its affinities to the other species of Dialeurolobus are discussed, and a diagnostic key is provided to identify the species of this genus. Key words: Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae, whiteflies, Dialeurolobus, new species, key, Protea nitida, South Africa Introduction This species was collected in 1991 on the leaves of Protea nitida Mill. (Proteaceae) in the Western Cape area of South Africa, and the material was deposited in the South African National Collection of Insects (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa. In 2001, several specimens from this sample were donated to The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), where they were subsequently determined by J.H. Martin as being a new species, referable to the genus Dialeurolobus. -
Image Identification of Protea Species with Attributes and Subgenus Scaling
Image identification of Protea species with attributes and subgenus scaling Peter Thompson Willie Brink Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The flowering plant genus Protea is a dominant repre- sentative for the biodiversity of the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa, and from a conservation point of view im- portant to monitor. The recent surge in popularity of crowd- sourced wildlife monitoring platforms presents both chal- lenges and opportunities for automatic image based species identification. We consider the problem of identifying the Protea species in a given image with additional (but op- tional) attributes linked to the observation, such as loca- tion and date. We collect training and test data from a crowd-sourced platform, and find that the Protea identifi- Figure 1. Different species of Protea, such as Protea neriifolia cation problem is exacerbated by considerable inter-class and Protea laurifolia shown here, can exhibit considerable visual similarity, data scarcity, class imbalance, as well as large similarity. variations in image quality, composition and background. Our proposed solution consists of three parts. The first part incorporates a variant of multi-region attention into a pre- important for understanding species populations [3] in the trained convolutional neural network, to focus on the flow- midst of issues like global warming, pollution and poach- erhead in the image. The second part performs coarser- ing. The crowd-sourced platform iNaturalist for example grained classification on subgenera (superclasses) and then allows users to upload observations of wildlife, which typ- rescales the output of the first part. The third part con- ically include images, locations, dates, and identifications ditions a probabilistic model on the additional attributes that can be verified by fellow users [31]. -
Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and Evolutionary Correlates of Novel Secondary Sexual Structures
Zootaxa 3729 (1): 001–062 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3729.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA0C1355-FF3E-4C67-8F48-544B2166AF2A ZOOTAXA 3729 Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures JASON J. DOMBROSKIE1,2,3 & FELIX A. H. SPERLING2 1Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY, USA, 14853-2601. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E9 3Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Brown: 2 Sept. 2013; published: 25 Oct. 2013 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 JASON J. DOMBROSKIE & FELIX A. H. SPERLING Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures (Zootaxa 3729) 62 pp.; 30 cm. 25 Oct. 2013 ISBN 978-1-77557-288-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-289-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2013 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2013 Magnolia Press 2 · Zootaxa 3729 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press DOMBROSKIE & SPERLING Table of contents Abstract . 3 Material and methods . 6 Results . 18 Discussion . 23 Conclusions . 33 Acknowledgements . 33 Literature cited . 34 APPENDIX 1. 38 APPENDIX 2. 44 Additional References for Appendices 1 & 2 . 49 APPENDIX 3. 51 APPENDIX 4. 52 APPENDIX 5. -
Bark Medicines Used in Traditional Healthcare in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: an Inventory
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector South African Journal of Botany 2003, 69(3): 301–363 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY ISSN 0254–6299 Bark medicines used in traditional healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An inventory OM Grace1, HDV Prendergast2, AK Jäger3 and J van Staden1* 1 Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa 2 Centre for Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 13 June 2002, accepted in revised form 14 March 2003 Bark is an important source of medicine in South Overlapping vernacular names recorded in the literature African traditional healthcare but is poorly documented. indicated that it may be unreliable in local plant identifi- From thorough surveys of the popular ethnobotanical cations. Most (43%) bark medicines were documented literature, and other less widely available sources, 174 for the treatment of internal ailments. Sixteen percent of species (spanning 108 genera and 50 families) used for species were classed in threatened conservation cate- their bark in KwaZulu-Natal, were inventoried. gories, but conservation and management data were Vernacular names, morphological and phytochemical limited or absent from a further 62%. There is a need for properties, usage and conservation data were captured research and specialist publications to address the in a database that aimed to synthesise published infor- gaps in existing knowledge of medicinal bark species mation of such species. -
Pollination Structures Plant and Nectar‐Feeding Bird
Received: 10 April 2020 Revised: 22 April 2020 Accepted: 3 May 2020 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12148 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pollination structures plant and nectar-feeding bird communities in Cape fynbos, South Africa: Implications for the conservation of plant–bird mutualisms Sjirk Geerts1 | Anina Coetzee2 | Anthony G. Rebelo3 | Anton Pauw4 1Department Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Abstract Technology, Cape Town, South Africa With the current global concerns about pollinators, relationships between spe- 2DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the cies interactions and diversity are pivotal. If pollinator communities depend FitzPatrick Institute of African strongly on the diversity of flowering plants and vice versa, anthropogenic Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa influences—whether positive or negative—on one partner will cause changes 3South African National Biodiversity in the other. Here we ask whether nectarivorous bird communities are struc- Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, tured by resource abundance (Proteaceae nectar) or Proteaceae diversity at dif- Claremont, South Africa ferent spatial scales in the Cape fynbos of South Africa. On a small spatial 4Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, scale, we sampled 34 one-hectare plots across the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) South Africa for flowering Proteaceae species, number of inflorescences, nectar volume, veg- etation age, nectar-feeding bird abundance and species richness. At small Correspondence Sjirk Geerts, Department Conservation scale, nectar—rather than vegetation structure or plant community and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula composition—was the most strongly correlated to nectar-feeding bird diversity University of Technology, P.O. Box and abundance. On a landscape scale we investigated the spatio-temporal 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.