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Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations Revista ISSN 2238-6262 / e-ISSN 2238-6912 Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations Revista Brasileira de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais Porto Alegre, v.8 n.16 | Jul./Dec. 2019 Núcleo Brasileiro de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais Faculdade de Ciências - Centro de Estudos Internacionais sobre Governo (CEGOV) Econômicas (FCE) Austral Porto Alegre v.8, n.16 p. 1-334 Jul./Dec. 2019 About the Journal AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy and International Relations was the first Brazilian journal in the area of International Relations to be fully pub- lished in English (2012). It is an essentially academic vehicle, linked to the Bra- zilian Centre for Strategy & International Relations (NERINT) and the Doctoral Program in International Strategic Studies (PPGEEI) of the Faculty of Economics (FCE) of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Its pluralist focus aims to contribute to the debate on the international political and economic order from the perspective of the developing world. The journal publishes original articles in the area of Strategy and Inter- national Relations, with special interest in issues related to developing countries and South-South Cooperation – its security problems; the political, economic and diplomatic developments of emerging countries; and their relations with the traditional powers. AUSTRAL is published semi-annually in English and Portu- guese. The journal’s target audience consists of researchers, experts, diplomats, military personnel and graduate students of International Relations. The content of the journal consists of in-depth analytical articles written by experts (Professors and Doctors), focusing on each of the great continents of the South: Asia, Latin America and Africa. Thus, the debate and diffusion of knowledge produced in these regions is stimulated. All contributions submitted to AUSTRAL are subject to rigorous scientific evaluation. Indexes Scopus | Google Scholar | LivRe! | Latindex | ETHzürich | Journal TOCs | Sumário de Revistas Brasileiras | Beardsley Library Journals | Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) | Columbia International Affairs Online | WZB Berlin Social Science Research Center | GIGA IZ | ROAD: The Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources This work was supported by the Support Program for Journal Editing (PAEP) - UFRGS 2 Editorial Team | Equipe Editorial Editor | Editor Paulo Visentini (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Deputy Editor | Editor Adjunto Marco Cepik (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Editorial Board | Conselho Editorial Analúcia Danilevicz Pereira (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Chris Landsberg (University of Johannesburg, South Africa) Cui Shoujun (Renmin University, China) Eduardo Migon (Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exécito, Brazil) Érico Esteves Duarte (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Fábio Morosini (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Gelson Fonseca Jr. (Ministério das Relações Exteriores, Brazil) Gladys Lechini (Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina) Marcelo Milan (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Ruchita Beri (Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, India) Assistant Editors | Editores Assistentes Magnus Kenji Hiraiwa (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Guilherme Thudium (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Consultative Board | Conselho Consultivo Adam Habib (University of Johannesburg, South Africa) André Luiz Reis da Silva (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Antonio Jorge Ramalho (Universidade de Brasília, Brazil) Beatriz Bissio (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Bertrand Badie (Sciences Po, France) Boris F. Martynov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Brazil) Carlos Schmidt Arturi (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Celso Amorim (Ministério das Relações Exteriores, Brazil) Cristina Soreanu Pecequilo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil) Diego Pautasso (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Henry Kam Kah (University of Buea, Cameroon) Ilter Turan (Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey) Immanuel Wallerstein (†) (Yale University, United States) Isiaka Alani Badmus (Afe Babalola University, Nigeria) José Ariosa Pérez (Universidad de la Habana, Cuba) José Miguel Quedi Martins (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Liu Youfa (China Institute of International Studies, China) Leonardo Granato (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) Lotfi Kaabi (Institut Tunisien des Études Stratégiques, Tunisia) Lucas Kerr de Oliveira (Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Brazil) Luiz Rogério Goldoni (Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército, Brazil) Mamoudou Gazibo (Université de Montréal, Canada) Marcos Costa Lima (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil) Maria Regina Soares de Lima (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Mehdi Parvizi Amineh (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands) Monica Hirst (Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Argentina) Nilton César Fernandes Cardoso (University of Cape Verde, Cape Verde) Sean W. Burges (Australian National Centre for Latin American Studies, Australia) Tianhong Luo (Renmin University, China) 3 ©Núcleo Brasileiro de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais - UFRGS Cover and Layout: Magnus Kenji H. H. Hiraiwa AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations is available online in English and Portuguese at www.seer.ufrgs.br/austral Contact Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Centro de Estudos Internacionais sobre Governo (CEGOV) Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - CEP 91509-900 Porto Alegre/RS - Brazil Phone: +55 (51) 3308 7988 E-mail: [email protected] www.seer.ufrgs.br/Austral Cataloging-in-Publication (CIP) Austral : Revista Brasileira de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais = Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEGOV/FCE. - v. 8, n.16 (Jul./Dec. 2019). – Porto Alegre: NERINT-CEGOV/PPGEEI-FCE/UFRGS, 2012- Semestral. ISSN 2238-6262. e-ISSN 2238-6912 1. Political Science. 2. International Relations. 3. International Politics. 4. Diplomacy. 5. Developing Countries. CDU 327 Biblioteca Gládis Wiebbelling do Amaral, Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da UFRGS. 4 Volume 8, Number 16 (Jul./Dec. 2019) Contents Editor’s Note 7 NERINT/UFRGS: 20 Years Analysing International Relations 9 Paulo Fagundes Visentini, Guilherme Thudium The Birth of International Relations as a Social Science: A Compared 19 Analysis of the Anglo-American World and Continental Europe Pedro Emanuel Mendes Basic Concepts and Theories in International Peacekeeping: An 51 Analytic Review Isiaka Alani Badmus, Bert Jenkins Manufacturers and Security Providers: A Conceptual Essay 81 Silviu Petre, Ella Ciuperca The Salman Doctrine in Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy: Objectives and 106 the Use of Military Forces Paloma González del Miño, David Hernández Martínez Comparative Nuclear Policy: A Case Study of U.S. Impact on India and 129 Brazil Programs (1946-2018) Cristina Soreanu Pecequilo, Artur Cruz Bertolucci China’s Global Power and Development: The Made in China 2025 172 Policy Diego Pautasso Behind the Myth of the National Bourgeoisie: A Comparative Analysis 188 of the Developmentalist State in Brazil and South Korea Pedro Vinícius Pereira Brites, Bruna Coelho Jaeger Trump’s “Deal of the Century” and the Latin American Response 215 Yoslán Silverio González Africa and the Threats to its Security 242 Francisco Proença Garcia 5 From the General Peace Agreement (1992) to the General Elections 263 in 1994: The Peace Process Conducted in Mozambique Eduardo Xavier Ferreira Glaser Migon, Anselmo de Oliveira Rodrigues The Need for a Conventional Conflict Doctrine Change to one for 288 Peaceful Times: The Cases of Chile and Ecuador Lester Martin Cabrera The Aerial Superiority in the National Interest of Colombia: A Need 315 for the National Security and Defense Policy David González Cuenca Partners 327 Submission Standards / Previous Issues 331 The responsibility for the content of the articles is of their respective authors. A responsabilidade pelo conteúdo dos artigos é de seus respectivos autores. Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations e-ISSN 2238-6912 | ISSN 2238-6262| v.8, n.16, Jul./Dec. 2019 6 Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations e-ISSN 2238-6912 | ISSN 2238-6262| v.8, n.16, Jul./Dec. 2019 | p.7-8 EDITOR’S NOTE In a period of multiple international crises, the analytical opportuni- ties are unexpectedly increased. The past exasperates its ways to avoid being overruled by new tendencies, which are still wavering and, perhaps, revers- ible. Accommodating and repetitive thinking, ritualised through politically correct presentations in conventional seminars, ebbs and gives way to inno- vative reflection. Edward H. Carr wrote The Twenty Years’ Crisis precisely in 1939, innovating the reflection in International Relations. Today, when US President Donald Trump meets up with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, actually stepping on both sides of the Korean border in Panmunjom, what we see is the silence of analysts and the embarrassment of journalists. It is necessary that veterans such as Henry Kissinger provide an explanation to what is going on, so that the dialectical relation between the harsh reality and surrealism makes sense. It is important to note that during
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