GIPE-019432-Contents.Pdf (898.6Kb)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
M.EWA,,R_ RESIDENCY. f~AJPUT1\NA. GAZET-TE-ERS:---· VOLUME II.-A. THE MEWAR. RESIDENCY. TEXT.· COl\1PILED... BY .MAJOR K. D. ERSKINE, I.A. AJMBR: SCOTTISH MISSION INDUSTRIES CO .. LTD. - 1908. PR-EFACE. Since t.he manuscript of the following pages was handed O\er to th~ press, the Resident in Mewar has been relieved of the political gupt'msion of Dungarpur, Banswara and Partabgarh, and these three !4t-3tes ~ave been placed under a separate officer styled the Political Agent, Southern Rajputana St.ate5l. The volume consequently relat-es not onl.'· to the Mewar Residency (as the cover and opening pages suggest) but also to the Southern Rajputana States Agency. The Darl~ns were good enough to tell off the following officials to furnic:h me with all a>ailable information under certain prescribed heads, and I am indebted to them for much nseful assistance in the e."\rlier stages :-Lala Tribhuvan Lal of Udaipur; Balwant Ram Chandra, Magistrat-e and Civil Judge of Dungarpur: Sanmukh Ram, Naib-Kamdar of Banswara; and the late Babu Jodh Karan, who was formerly Fauj~ at, Partabgarh. The notes supplied by t.he second and third of the above were kindly checked and amplified by Captains S. B. Patterson and R E. A. Hamilton, who were Assistants to the Resident at Dungarpur and Banswara r~spective_ly. My thanks are al~ due to the Rev. Dr. Shepherd of Udaipur. the Rev. Mr. Outram of Kherwara, and Lieut.-Col. Hutron Dawson, Commandant of the Yewar Bhil Corps, for help in writing t.he concluding chapter on the Bhils. There are three others to whom I am particularly indebted, namely Major A. F. Pinhey, Mr. A. T. Holme and Pandit Gauri Shankar. Major Pinhey's connection with Banswara and Partabgarh commenced as far back as 1886, and continued almost uninterruptedly till 1895; he wa.s also Resident in Mewar from 1900 to 1906 and, as such, in political charge of all the Stat,es dealt with in this volume. His intimate knowledge of these territories and their affairs bas enabled him t{) give me much information which was not to be found either in the annual Administration Reports or in the earlier Gazet teet-s: he has further helped me in the historical portion of both Udaipur and Dungarpur. llr. Holme was Assistant tu the Resident Jl from 1904 to 1906 and subsequently the first Political Agent of the Southern Rajputana States.. In addition to these· duties, he intro duced the existing l11nd revenue settlements in Dungarpur, Banswara and Partabgarh, and his final reports, from which I have quoted freely, contained a mass ~f new and interesting material.. Last but not least comes Pandit Gauri Shankar, the learned Secretary of the Victoria Hall at Udaipur, than whom there is no more enthusiastic antiquary in India. His knowledge of the early history not only of the Sesodia Rajputs but also 'of the Chauhans, Rathors, Kachwahas ·and others is immense, and he has cheerfully responded to my numerous calls for light and guidance in these matters. · K. D. E. CONTENTS. J ' PAOE•. THE MEWAR RESIDENCY 1 PART I.-UDAIPUR STAT};, CHAPTER !.-Pltysicnl Aspecfll. Position, area and boundarjes Derh·ation of name Configuration " Hill system "6 River system Lakes .8" • Geology 10 Botany " Fauna 11 Climate ,and temperature .. Rainfall , Earthquakes and floods l2 CHAPTER II. -History, Genealogy of ruling family 13 Migration from Oudh to Kathiawar " Migration to Rajputana ,. Bapa Rawal, the founder of the State 14 The first sack of Chitor (1303) 15 Rana Kiimbha (1433-68) 17 Rana Sanga (1508-27) 18 The battle of Khanua (12th March 1527) ~8 The second sack of Chitor (1534) 19 The third and last sack of Chitor (1567) " Rana Pratap Singh I (1572-97) ~0 The battle of Ha.ldighat (1576) " Rana Amar Singh I (1597-1620) 21 The Rana 'submits to Jahangir (1614) 22 Rana Raj Singh I (16fi2-80) ... , The Marathas gain a footing (1745) 24 Treat-y with the British Government (1818) 26 The Mutiny of 1857 ... 27 IV PAGE. The last well-known case of aati in Mewar 27 Mal1arana. Shambhu Singh (1861-74) 28 Maharani Sajjan Singh (1874-84) Maharina Fateh Singh (1884 to date). 29" ArchO'ology ... " CHAPTER III.-The PeoplP. Population in 18~1, 1891 and 1901 31 Density 32 Town~g and villag~s · Migr.ition !13" Vital statistics , Diseases. ,. ·Infirmities 34 Sex and civil condition Language ... " Castes, tribes, etc.:- {a) Bhils (b) .Mahajans .. 36 (c) Brahmans .. ... " (d) Rajputs , (e) Jats, Qiijars, etc. 37 (f) Minas Religions " " Occupations 38 Food, dress and dwellings 39 Disposal of .dead ... 40 Amusements and festivals " Nomenclature " CHAPTER IV. -..1gr~eulture. General conditions Soil classification ... " - System of cultivation " Agricultural population 43 ·The two harvests " Agricultural statistics , P1incipal crops " Fruit and vegetable production 15 Agricultural implements , PAGE. Loans to agricultw-ists 45 Indebtedness " Live stock 46 Irrigation 46 Tanks ... " Wells.- ... 47 CHAI'TER V.-Re1its, Wages and Prices .. Rents ... ... - -... 49 Wages Prices ... 50 l\laterial condition of the people .... ,, CHAPTER VI.-Forests, Mine~ a11d Mine1·als. Fore:;;ts 51 Principal tl·ees " .M anagcment 52 Revonue and expenditure ... " ~lines and minerals " Lead, silver and zinc 53 Copper and iron JJ Building stones Gem-stones 54" CHAPTER VII.-Arts and Manufactures 1• OommcJ·ce aud 1'rade. Arts and manufactures 55 Cotton-presses, etc. " Commerce and trade " Chief exports and imports 56 Trade centres .. , Internal and external trade •.•• ," CHAPTER Vlii.-Commuuications. Railways:- (a) The 1\.ajputiwa-:Malwii. lme (u) 'l'he Udaipm·-Chitor liuc (1·) l'rojcded line:1 " " Iufiucucc of mihlu,y:> 58 vr PAGF.. 58 Conveyances 59 Ferries , Post and telegraph offices , C:aA.l'TER IX.-Famines. Earlie~ famines, such as those of 1662, 1764, etc. 60 Famine of 1868-69 · , ·:Famine of 1899-1900 61 Famine of 1901-02 • 62 Protective measures , CHAPTER X.-.Administration. Form of government .... 63 ' Administratite divisions , Conduct of relations between the Darbar and Government , The tract known as :Mewar-Merwara. , CHAPTER Xl.~Legislation and JUBtice. Legislation 65 State courts " British courts 66 Interatatal courts, 67 (;nAPTER XII.-Fina:&ce. Finance in former times 68 Present normal revenue and expenditure , Financial position 69 Coinage 1· ••• ••'' " · CHAPTER XIII.-Lan.d Revenue a1td Twures. Tenures: (a) Jiigir - 71 (b) Bhii.m ,. (c) Siisan .. , 72 (d) Khal1J1.1. , Fonner re,enne system , The ~;ettll:ment uf l S~J-9~ 73 Vll.. CHAPTER XIV.-MiBcellaneoua Revenue. PAGE. Opium .... 75 Salt ... , Excise 'i6 Stamps " CHAPTER XV.-Public Works. The Public \Vorks department 77 Average yearly expenditure .. , Principal works carried out .. " CHArr~R xvr.-Ar1ny. State troops, regulat• and irregular 78 Jag'ir militia " Contribution to local corps " The Mewar Bhil Corps " CHAPTER XVII.-Police and Jails. State pulice. 80 Criminal tribes ••.• " Railway police " Jails ... , s1· The Central jail I I~ Prisons in the districts , t • CHAPTER XVIII.-Education. Literacy of population 82 History of education " Management, expenditure, etc, 83 Prh·ate schools ... , Secondary education • Primary education " Girls' schools " ... " N~wspapers 84 Cn.urEl!. XIX.--.Medical. Uistory 8.5 Ex1sting hospitals and dispensaries ... .. ,, Management and expenditure ., Vlll PAG:B rhe three principal ho~pitals 86 Lunatic asyluin · •.. .. Vaccination s; . Sale of quinine ••• , CHAPTER ')(X.-Surveys. Topographical survey of 1873-81 88 Local survey of 1879·83 " CHAPTER XXI.-.M iBce.llaneous. Amet estate ... 89 Asind estate · .... ... .. Badnor estate flO Bagor :pargana ... 91 Banera estate '··· " Banera town 92 Binsi estate , ·.. ·· Bari Sadri esta,e ... 93 Bedla estate " Begiin estate 94 Begun town ... 95 Bha.insrorgarh estate " Barolli village 96 Bhilwara. zila 97 Bhilwara town " Mii.ndal tahsil 98 Pur town 99 Bhindar estate ... , " Bhindar town ... " Bijolia estate " Chhoti Sadri zila ... 100 Chhoti Sadri town " Chitor zila 101 Chitor town and fort " Delwiira estate 104 Deogarb estate 105 Deogarh town " Devasthan r.il" 106 Eklingji village " Nagdi village ... ,, Girwa zila .... .... 107 l:X:. PAGE. Udaipur city 107 Ahar village 110 Gogiinda estate ..... " Hurra. pargana Ill J ahiizpur zila J ahazpur town " Kachola estate 112" Kiinkroii estate ll3 Kanor eRtate " Ka pasan zila " Khamnor pargana 114 Kherwara bhiimat Kherwara cantonment " " Kotharia estate ... ll5 Kotra bhumiit Kotra cantonment " " KiimLhalgarh pargana and fort 116 Kelwara village ll7' Kurabar estate , .Magrii zila Rakhabh Dev village ll8" ., l\Iandalgarh zila ... " Meja estate ll9 Nathdwara. estate , Nathdwara town 120 Parsoli estate Rajnagar pargana 121~· Rasmi zila Sahran zila " I, Saira pargana " Saliimbar estate .... 122" Salumbar town ... tJ Sardargarh estate ., Bibliography 123 PA.RT II.7 DUNGARPUR STATE. '--- CHAPTER I.-Physical Aspects. Positon, area and boundaries 127 Derivation of name ., Configuration ;, River system , X PAGE. Lakes, .. 129 Geology ...I .. Fauna..• " Climate a.nd temperature , Rainfall , CHAPTER H.-History. Early history 131 Diingarpur town founded (1358) 132 Rawal Uda.i Singh I (1509-27) 133 T ~e Mughal and Marathii. periods " Treaty with the British (1818) " Mahil.rawal Udai Singh II (1844-98) 13-l .Maharii.w~l Bijai Singh (1898 to date) 135 A.rchaology .. CHAPTER 111.-The People. Population in IS81, 1891 and 1901 136 Density , Towns and villages " Migration , Vital statistics 137 Diseases and infirmities .. Sex and civil condition , Language " Castes, tribes, eto.: (a) Bhils 138 (b) Kalbis or Pii.tels ... " (c) Brahmans .. " (d) Raj puts .. , (e)