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Upper Turnagain Landscape Assessment (UTLA) Is an Ecosystem Analysis at the Landscape Scale; It Is Both an Analysis and an Information Gathering Process

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Upper Turnagain Landscape Assessment (UTLA) Is an Ecosystem Analysis at the Landscape Scale; It Is Both an Analysis and an Information Gathering Process United States Department of Agriculture Upper Turnagain Forest Service Landscape Assessment Glacier Ranger District, Chugach National Forest July 2004 USDA Forest Service, Region 10, Alaska Photo: Portage Glacier and Portage Lake, 1984. Team: Betty Charnon – Co-Team Leader, Vegetation Chandra Heaton – Co-Team Leader, Database, GIS (through July 2003) Ricardo Velarde – Soils, Geology Bill MacFarlane – Hydrology Cliff Fox - Mining Sean Stash – Fisheries Aaron Poe – Wildlife Alison Rein – Recreation Teresa Paquet – Special Uses Linda Yarborough – Heritage Resources Pat Reed – Human Dimension Rob DeVelice – EMDS/Netweaver Approved by: /s/ James M. Fincher Date: 7/21/04 James M. Fincher, District Ranger The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Upper Turnagain Landscape Assessment (UTLA) is an ecosystem analysis at the landscape scale; it is both an analysis and an information gathering process. The purpose is to develop a geographically explicit understanding of the important resources, processes, patterns and interactions occurring on the assessment area. The assessment focuses on the issues and key questions identified for this area. The area is described in terms of its physical, biological and social features. This report is not a decision document; rather it is intended to serve as a mid-level document between the 2002 Chugach National Forest Revised Land and Resource Management Plan (Forest Plan) and the implementation of projects and management decisions. The Landscape Assessment is provided as a tool to managers, resource specialists and interested publics, to aid in the synthesis of available information and identification of topics of interest or concern. The UTLA area encompasses 324,516 acres. A team of resource specialists from the Glacier Ranger District and Chugach National Forest Supervisor’s Office prepared this assessment. Following are the general stages used to conduct the analysis and corresponding chapters in this report Step 1 – Introduction (Chapter 1) Step 2 – Characterization of the Study Area (Chapter 2) Step 3 – Key Questions (Chapter 3) Step 4 – Synthesis and Recommendations, including potential future projects and management ideas (Chapter 4) TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 – Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Purpose............................................................................................................................ 1 The Analysis Area........................................................................................................... 1 Relationship To The Forest Plan..................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2 – Characterization Of The Analysis Area .......................................................... 6 Physical Characteristics .................................................................................................. 6 Climate........................................................................................................................ 6 Geology....................................................................................................................... 7 Ecological Classification ............................................................................................ 7 Soils............................................................................................................................. 9 Erosion Processes...................................................................................................... 10 Avalanches................................................................................................................ 11 Glaciation.................................................................................................................. 12 Streams...................................................................................................................... 13 Groundwater ............................................................................................................. 14 Wetlands ................................................................................................................... 15 Streamflows .............................................................................................................. 15 Water Quality............................................................................................................ 16 Minerals .................................................................................................................... 17 Biological Characteristics ............................................................................................. 18 Fish............................................................................................................................ 18 Vegetation................................................................................................................. 22 Wildlife ..................................................................................................................... 25 Social Characteristics.................................................................................................... 30 Human Occupation Of The UTLA Area .................................................................. 30 Cultural Resources.................................................................................................... 36 Recreational Uses And Facilities.............................................................................. 38 Lands And Special Uses ........................................................................................... 47 Chapter 3 - Key Questions................................................................................................ 50 Physical......................................................................................................................... 50 Biological...................................................................................................................... 55 Social............................................................................................................................. 62 Chapter 4 – Synthesis And Recommendations................................................................. 66 Physical......................................................................................................................... 66 Stream Dynamics...................................................................................................... 66 Avalanche Hazards ................................................................................................... 67 Minerals .................................................................................................................... 67 Biological...................................................................................................................... 68 Fish............................................................................................................................ 68 Vegetation................................................................................................................. 70 Wildlife ..................................................................................................................... 70 Social............................................................................................................................. 72 Cultural Resources.................................................................................................... 72 Recreation ................................................................................................................. 74 References......................................................................................................................... 77 Upper Turnagain Landscape Assessment CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION Purpose The purpose of the Upper Turnagain Landscape Assessment (UTLA) is to develop a geographically explicit understanding of the important resources, processes, patterns and interactions occurring on the assessment area. The UTLA includes a description of the current condition, trends, and resources of all lands and people (both public and private) in the area being studied. This report is not a decision document; rather it is intended to serve as a mid-level document between the 2002 Chugach National Forest Revised Land and Resource Management Plan (hereafter referred to as Forest Plan) and the implementation of projects and management decisions. The Landscape Assessment is provided as a tool to managers, resource specialists and interested publics, to aid in the synthesis of available information and identification of topics of interest or concern. The assessment
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