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In the Turopolje Region (Croatia)

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In the Turopolje Region (Croatia) NAT. CROAT. VOL. 18 No 2 ???–??? ZAGREB December 31, 2009 original scientific paper / izvorni znanstveni rad DRAGONFLY FAUNA (INSECTA, ODONATA) IN THE TUROPOLJE REGION (CROATIA) MARINA VILENICA1*,VLATKA MI^ETI] STANKOVI]2 &MATIJA FRANKOVI]3 1Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb, Department in Petrinja, Trg Matice hrvatske 12, HR-44250 Petrinja 2Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia 3IRES – Research and Development of Sustainable Eco systems, Jagodno 100a, 10415 Novo ^i}e, HR-10415 Velika Gorica, Grad Zagreb, Croatia Vilenica, M., Mi~eti} Stankovi}, V. & Frankovi}, M.: Dragonfly fauna (Insecta, Odonata) in the Turopolje region (Croatia). Nat. Croat., Vol. 20, No. 1., _______, 2011, Zagreb. This study presents the results of dragonfly fauna research in the Turopolje region of Croatia. Faunal analyses were conducted in the period from 1986–2009, with some interruptions, while an ecological analysis (composition of dragonflies according to habitat characteristics such as vegetation structure, air temperature, cloudiness) was conducted in the period 2007–2009. Faunal and ecological analyses were carried out at seventeen and nine localities, respectively. A total of 35 dragonfly spe- cies was recorded, indicating high species richness in comparison to the total number of 67 species known in Croatia. Zoogeographic analysis of the recorded dragonfly species showed the domination of the Holo-Mediterranean element which indicates complex glaciation and interglaciation processes during the geological past in Europe, when the Croatian territory served as a refugium. The results show that the distribution and abundance of dragonflies are indicative of habitat characteristics (veg- etal structure, cloudiness and air temperature). Dragonflies prefer mosaic habitats (diverse vegetation structure) with average air temperatures ranging from 26–28°C and sunny weather. Since this re- search was conducted in only a part of the whole Turopolje region, and only adult specimens were sampled, further research should be focused on the life cycles of dragonflies and their distribution throughout the entire Turopolje region. Keywords: dragonflies, Turopolje, fauna, distribution, habitat characteristics Vilenica, M., Mi~eti} Stankovi}, V. & Frankovi}, M.: Fauna vretenaca (Insecta, Odonata) po- dru~ja Turopolja. Nat. Croat., Vol. 20, No. 1., _______, 2011, Zagreb. U ovom radu je predstavljen prvi sistematski popis faune vretenaca za podru~je Turopolja sakupljenih u razdoblju 1986.–2009. godine. Tako|er su prikazani rezultati analize sastava faune * corresponding author: [email protected] Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia 358 Vilenica, M. et al.: Dragonfly fauna (Insecta, Odonata) in the Turopolje region (Croatia) vretenaca i njihove brojnosti u ovisnosti o stani{nim ~imbenicima (sastav vegetacije, temperatura i naoblaka) provedene u razdoblju 2007–2009. Utvr|eno je 35 vrsta vretenaca za podru~je Turopolja, {to nam u usporedbi s ukupno 67 vrsta ustanovljenih za Hrvatsku, upu}uje na njihovu veliku raz- nolikost na istra`enom podru~ju. Zoogeografskom analizom je ustanovljena dominacija Holo-Medi- teranskog elementa, ukazuju}i na kompleksne glacijalne procese u Europi tokom njene geolo{ke pro{losti kada je podru~je Hrvatske pa tako i Turopolja slu`ilo kao refugij. Na{i rezultati ukazuju da su vretenca svojom raznoliko{}u i brojno{}u dobar pokazatelj stani{nih uvjeta (struktura vegeta- cije, koli~ina naoblake i temperatura zraka). Vretencima pogoduju mozai~na stani{ta (raznolike struk- ture vegetacije), prosje~ne temperature zraka izme|u 26 i 28°C te sun~ano vrijeme. Kako je ovo istra`ivanje provedeno samo na dijelu Turopolja i kako su prikupljani samo odrasli stadiji vretena- ca, budu}a istra`ivanja se trebaju fokusirati na cijelo podru~je Turopolja s analizom `ivotnih ciklusa utvr|enih vrsta. Klju~ne rije~i: vretenca, Turopolje, fauna, rasprostranjenost, uvjeti stani{ta INTRODUCTION Although the first studies on the dragonfly fauna of Croatia began in the second half of the 19th century (CARARA 1846), published data on dragonfly records on Cro- atian territory are relatively poor. Most research papers contain a small number of lo- calities and/or species. Some of the first data on dragonfly fauna were presented by BRITTINGER (1850), BRAUER (1856; 1876), FRAUENFELD (1856; 1860), HAGEN (1867), KOHAUT (1896), NOVAK (1890) and MOCSARY (1900). In 1900, RÖSSLER published a comprehensive monograph, which was the first scientific publication on dragonflies in the Croatian language. During the last quarter of the 20th century, the number of published data on dragonflies began to increase (see BELAN^I] et al. 2008). Wetland habitats represent one of the greatest values of biological and landscape diversity in Europe. In Croatia, they provide a habitat for more than 40% of plant and animal species (RADOVI], 2005). Wetland habitats are the most threatened eco- systems due to water drainage, excessive exploitation and pollution, resulting in their disappearance throughout Europe. In biodiversity conservation, dragonflies serve as an umbrella species that represent specific biotic wetland assemblages (SCHINDLER et al., 2003). Conservation of characteristic wetland plant associations helps to support healthy dragonfly fauna; therefore, conservation of the ecological requirements of dragonflies may also conserve wetland plants (BRIED et al., 2007). Be- cause of the complex habitat needs of individual species, dragonflies are reliable bioindicators of the stability, health and integrity of wetland ecosystems. Their pres- ence and abundance indicate the wealth and favourable conservation status of the ecosystems they inhabit (BOGDANOVI] et al., 2008; CORBET, 1999; FRANKOVI], 1999). They have significant potential as bio-indicators as their conspicuousness and sensi- tivity to small-scale changes in environmental conditions (MOORE, 1997; MORTIMER et al., 1998) makes them invaluable for a rapid quality assessment of freshwater ecosys- tems. The number of dragonflies can provide a quick indication of the health or rich- ness of freshwater ecosystems (HAWKING &NEW, 2002). To maintain high species richness, it is essential to maintain a variety of biotopes (SUH &SAMWAYS, 2005). Therefore, the wetland areas of Turopolje can be an important mosaic of freshwater habitats for biodiversity conservation at both the Croatian and European scales. The dragonfly fauna of the Turopolje region is poorly known. The first data on the dragonflies of Turopolje were given by ERBEN (1983) and PONGRAC (2000), which Nat. Croat. Vol. 20(1), 2011 359 reported the presence of Calopteryx splendens and Coenagrion puella in the region. No other data have since been published. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to complete a checklist of the dragonfly species of the Turopolje region and to provide a zoogeographical analysis. A second objective was to estimate the influ- ence of habitat characteristics (e.g. air temperature, cloudiness and vegetation struc- ture) on dragonfly fauna composition and activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area Turopolje is geographically situated south of the City of Zagreb in the Posavina area of central Croatia (Fig. 1). It is bordered by the right bank of the Sava River to the northeast and by the Vukomeri~ke gorice hills to the southwest. Turopolje is a lowland floodplain with a surface area of about 200 km². It is characterized by an altitudinal range between 96 and 110 m and an average annual precipitation of 900 mm. The influence of the continental climate is reflected by the average air temper- ature in January (–10°C) and July (33°C) and greater cloudiness throughout the Posavina region (BERTOVI], 1975; CRKVEN^I] et al., 1974). Central Croatia has the highest concentration of surface water and the most widely spread stream network Fig.1. Position of the Turopolje region in Croatia. 360 Vilenica, M. et al.: Dragonfly fauna (Insecta, Odonata) in the Turopolje region (Croatia) in the country. The hydrogeographical backbone is the Sava River, which connects most of the macro-region. In addition to the Sava, the Odra River and its tributary the Lomnica River also flow through the Turopolje lowland floodplain (DUMBOVI]- RU@I], 2002). Much of the primary forest vegetation in Turopolje has been transformed into ar- able land, while land not suitable for arable land due to unfavourable water re- gimes, has been converted into grasslands, meadows and pastures. Grasslands and forests along the Odra River are the lowest parts of Turopolje. They represent a re- tention which is periodically filled during high waters of the Sava and Kupa Rivers when water flows into the Odra River. High groundwater and soil compactness also contribute to flooding (DUMBOVI]-RU@I], 2002). Considering the distribution of the different water regimes, forests are not of equal composition in all areas. There are two main forest communities: oak forest with broom (Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris Ht. 1938) and oak forest with hornbeam (Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris Ht. 1938) ([EGULJA &TOPI], 2000). At the lowest parts of the depressions with long lasting water, narrow-leaved ash woods with snowflake are developed (Leucoio-Fraxinetum angustifoliae Glav. 1959), while in places where the water is almost always present, there are groves of black alder with glossy buckthorn (Frangulo-Alnetum glutinosae Raus 1968). This community usually develops in the old riverbeds and on the edges of
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