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Livestock Country Reviews 8 Poultry Sector Nepal

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Livestock Country Reviews 8 Poultry Sector Nepal 8 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH livestock country reviews POULTRY SECTOR Nepal 8 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH livestock country reviews POULTRY SECTOR Nepal FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2014 Recommended Citation FAO. 2014. Poultry Sector Nepal. FAO Animal Production and Health Livestock Country Reviews. No. 8. Rome. Authors’ details Dr. Krishna Bahadur Shrestha is the Principal and Adjunct Professor in the Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (HICAST). This is the first private agriculture college of Nepal that provides five academic courses; Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry; Bachelor of Science (honors) Agriculture and Master of Science in Dairy Technology, Meat Technology and Agri-business Management. Before joining the college, he worked for 29 years as a veterinary officer in the central, regional and district level offices of the Nepal Government. He spend the majority of his service period in educating and training farmers, technicians and veterinarians. He is now teaching veterinary parasitology and veterinary public health and has keen interest in policy formulation and review works. The report was edited by Dr. Olaf Thieme. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. E-ISBN 978-92-5-108496-0 (PDF) © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii Contents Foreword.............................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... vi Acronyms and abbreviations .................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1 The country in brief ............................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 Profile of the poultry sector .................................................................................... 4 2.1 National poultry flock .................................................................................... 5 2.2 Geographical distribution of poultry flocks ........................................................ 5 2.3 Production ................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Consumption .............................................................................................. 11 2.5 Trade ........................................................................................................ 11 2.6 Prices ........................................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER 3 Poultry production systems .................................................................................. 18 3.1 Background information .............................................................................. 19 3.2 Industrial and integrated production ............................................................. 19 3.3 Sector 2 and 3, other commercial production system ...................................... 19 3.4 Village or backyard production ..................................................................... 20 3.5 Poultry value chain analysis ......................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 4 Trade, marketing and markets .............................................................................. 29 4.1 Domestic market ........................................................................................ 29 4.2 Import ...................................................................................................... 31 4.3 Export ....................................................................................................... 31 4.4 Slaughtering facilities .................................................................................. 31 CHAPTER 5 Breeds ............................................................................................................... 32 5.1 Exotic breed ............................................................................................... 32 5.2 Local breeds .............................................................................................. 32 CHAPTER 6 Veterinary health, public health and bio-security measures ...................................... 33 6.1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ................................................................ 34 Version of 8 March 2014 iv 6.2 Other major poultry diseases ....................................................................... 38 6.3 Biosecurity measures adopted ...................................................................... 39 6.4 Biosecurity action plans ............................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 7 Current policies, legal framework .......................................................................... 40 7.1 Poultry in livestock policy ............................................................................ 40 7.2 Legal framework ......................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER 8 Analysis ............................................................................................................. 42 8.1 Current strength and weakness of the poultry sector....................................... 42 8.2 Prospects in the poultry sector ..................................................................... 43 ANNEXES Who is who (contact list) ...................................................................................... 45 Lists of major projects- poultry sector .................................................................... 48 Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 50 Country map ...................................................................................................... 52 Version of 8 March 2014 v Foreword The poultry sector continues to grow and industrialize in many parts of the world. An increasing human population, greater purchasing power and urbanization have been strong drivers of growth. Advances in breeding have given rise to birds that meet specialized purposes and are increasingly productive, but that need expert management. The development and transfer of feed, slaughter and processing technologies have increased safety and efficiency of poultry production, but favour large-scale units rather than small-scale producers. These developments have led the poultry industry and the associated feed industry to scale up rapidly, to concentrate themselves close to input sources or final markets, and to integrate vertically. One element of the structural change has been a move towards contract farming in the rearing phase of boiler production, allowing farmers with medium-sized flocks to gain access to advanced technology with a relatively low initial investment. A clear division is developing between industrialized production systems of large and medium size, feeding into integrated value chains, and extensive production systems supporting livelihoods and supplying local or niche markets. The primary role of the former is to supply cheap and safe food to populations distant from the source of supply, while the latter acts as a livelihood safety net, often as part of a diverse portfolio of income sources. Extensive small-scale, rural, family-based poultry systems continue to play a crucial role in sustaining livelihoods in developing countries, supplying poultry products in rural but also periurban and urban areas, and providing important support to women farmers. Small-scale poultry production will continue to offer opportunities for income generation and quality human nutrition as long as there is rural poverty. In order to develop appropriate strategies and options for poultry sector development, including disease prevention control measures, a better understanding is required of the different poultry production systems, their associated market chains, and
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