John Calvin’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper ThM Seminar - 2HT829

PROFESSOR: Keith A. Mathison

DATES: January 16–20, 2006

PLACE: RTS Seminar Room

TEXTBOOKS: Required

Students will be required to read the following books BEFORE the seminar:

John Calvin, Calvin: Theological Treatises, edited by J. K. S. Reid, Library of Christian Classics (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1954), pp. 83–87; 131–139; 167–177.

John Calvin, Treatises on the Sacraments, translated by Henry Beveridge (Fearn: Christian Heritage, 2002), pp. 119–122; 129–135; 152–162; 164–579. [Note: pp. 212–220 of the reading contains the Consensus Tigurinus, and pp. 221–44 contains Calvin’s first response to Westphal].

John Calvin, Commentaries (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1979). Read commentaries on Matt. 26:26–30 (combined with parallel passages in Mark and Luke); John 6:22–71; 1 Cor. 10:1–24; 1 Cor. 11:17–34; Eph. 5:28–32. [Note: Calvin’s commentaries are also available online at http://www.ccel.org/c/calvin/ ].

John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, edited by J. T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles, Library of Christian Classics (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1960): Book IV, chapters 14, 17, 18 and 19.

Thomas J. Davis, The Clearest Promises of God: The Development of Calvin’s Eucharistic Teaching (New York: AMS Press, 1995).

B. A. Gerrish, Grace and Gratitude: The Eucharistic Theology of John Calvin (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1993).

Keith A. Mathison, “John Calvin’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper,” In Given For You: Reclaiming Calvin’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2002), pp. 3–48.

Ronald S. Wallace, Calvin’s Doctrine of the Word and Sacrament (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1957), pp. 133–253.

**All ThM students should also own the following book for reference: James E. Bradley and Richard A. Muller, Church History: An Introduction to Research, Reference Works, and Methods (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995).

All Required Texts are available through the RTS Bookstore.

Recommended Reading:

Alasdair I. C. Heron, “Calvin’s Eucharistic Theology,” In Table and Tradition (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1983), pp. 122–145.

John R. Meyer, “Mysterium fidei and the Later Calvin,” Scottish Journal of Theology 25 (1972): 392–411.

John Williamson Nevin, The Mystical Presence: A Vindication of the Reformed or Calvinistic Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2000).

John D. Nicholls, “Union With Christ: John Calvin on the Lord’s Supper,” In Union and Communion, 1529–1979 (London: The Westminster Conference, 1980), pp. 35–54.

Paul Rorem, Calvin and Bullinger on the Lord’s Supper (Bramcote: Grove Books Limited, 1989).

Paul Rorem, “The Consensus Tigurinus (1549): Did Calvin Compromise?” In Calvinus Sacrae Scripturae Professor, edited by Wilhelm H. Neuser (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), pp. 72–90.

Joseph N. Tylenda, “The Calvin-Westphal Exchange: The Genesis of Calvin’s Treatises Against Westphal,” Calvin Theological Journal 9 (1974): 182–209.

Joseph N. Tylenda, “The Ecumenical Intention of Calvin’s Early Eucharistic Teaching,” In Reformatio Perennis: Essays on Calvin and the Reformation in Honor of Ford Lewis Battles, edited by B. A. Gerrish and Robert Benedetto (Pittsburgh: Pickwick Press, 1981), pp. 27–47.

François Wendel, Calvin: Origins and Development of His Religious Thought, translated by Philip Mairet (Durham, NC: The Labyrinth Press, 1987).

OBJECTIVES:

This is a graduate seminar with three basic components -- lectures, student presentations and tutorials. This seminar is designed to introduce the graduate student to John Calvin’s doctrine of the Lord’s Supper. It is the goal of this program to provide students with graduate level critical and analytical skills, a good broad background in the field of Reformation studies as well as a high level of competence in the area of their thesis research.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:

There will be 1 major research paper (20+ pages) on a topic approved by professor. The complete first draft is due March 13. The final draft of the research paper is due March 27.

There are also two Response Papers (7-10 pages) on the reading assignments, which are to be completed BEFORE the January session. Each paper is to be a formal, well-written, footnoted, balanced, summary, analysis and critical response to any two chapters from the assigned reading.

These response papers will be presented informally in the morning sessions and will provide the basis for seminar discussions. In the afternoon tutorials, the Professor will work with each student (1) to assess and develop scholarly skills and (2) to begin work on the research paper for the seminar.

The student presentation (30 min) is on the fruits of his/her Response Paper, followed by class discussion. Students are to provide the Professor with a copy of the presentations on the first day of the seminar. These will be photocopied and distributed to the class.

The major research paper is 80% of the final grade. Each response paper will be 10% of the final grade.

SEMINAR SCHEDULE: 9 am- Noon

16 January ------Influences and Early Writings

17 January ------Commentaries

18 January ------Calvin, Bullinger and the Consensus Tigurinus

19 January ------The Debates with Westphal and Heshusius

20 January ------The 1559 Institutes TUTORIALS: 1 PM – 3 PM in Professor’s office

INTERNET SCHEDULE FOR January Session

Week of 23 January------Travel Week

Week of 30 January------3-5 page draft to Professor

Week of 6 February------Professor responds to Student Papers

Week of 13 February------5-7 pages to Professor

Week of 20 February------Professor responds to Student Papers

Week of 27 February------10-13 pages to Professor

Nota Bene: Each student should also send a copy of this draft to all seminar participants for feedback

Week of 6 March------All Seminar participants provide feedback for Student Paper.

Week of 13 March------First Draft to Professor

Nota Bene: Each student should also send a copy of this draft to all seminar participants for feedback

Week of 20 March------All Seminar participants provide feedback for Student Paper.

Week of 27 March------Final Draft due to Professor.

Final Draft due 31 March 2005

Nota Bene: All preliminary drafts will be via email. The final draft should be a hard copy of the paper and should be mailed to Keith Mathison by the due date. The address is: Keith Mathison, c/o Ligonier Ministries, 400 Technology Park, Lake Mary, FL. 32746

Criteria for Evaluation of THM Papers

I. Grammar and Style (25%) * Is the text clean of spelling mistakes? * Is the text punctuated correctly? * Does the sentence structure consistently adhere to basic rules of good grammar? * Does the footnote/bibliographic apparatus follow Turabian consistently? (Turabian, A Manual for Writers). * Is the paper written in clear, straight-forward style of academic prose (e.g., the guidelines in Strunk and White, The Elements of Style)?

II. Organization (25%) * Is the subject of the paper clearly delimited? Is it significant, but still manageable? * Does the subject correspond to what was assigned in the syllabus? * Does the paper have a well-designed thesis statement and outline? * Does the running text of the paper adhere to the outline, and are the larger divisions of the paper clearly signposted? * Are the sentences and paragraphs of the text linked together clearly and in such a way that the thought of the student builds throughout the paper with continuity and coherence?

III. Clarity and Force of Argument (25%) * Is a convincing case made to support the thesis statement? * Is the evidence marshaled to support the argument used judiciously? * Where the student provides exposition or summary, does she/he do so succinctly and objectively? * Are opposing viewpoints treated fairly? * Is there evidence of mature Christian reflection on the subject matter?

IV. Research (25%) * Does the paper draw on primary sources for its main evidence? * Are the secondary sources selected and used judiciously? * Does the paper demonstrate sufficient depth and breadth of research, given the nature and level of the assignment?

Recommended Resources

Jacques Barzun and Henry F. Graff, The Modern Researcher (New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, latest edition).

Mary-Claire van Leunen, A Handbook for Scholars (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979).

William Zinsser, On Writing Well (New York: Harper and Row, latest edition).

John Calvin’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper: A Supplementary Bibliography

Calvin’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper

Akagi, Yoshimitsu. “A Fundamental Problem of the Doctrine of Eucharist in Reformed Theology.” Shingaku 38 (1976): 113–31.

Baird, Charles W. “Calvin’s Last Communion.” In Eutaxia or the Presbyterian Liturgies: Historical Sketches. New York: M. W. Dodd, 1855, pp. 43–57.

Barclay, Alexander. The Protestant Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper: A Study in the Eucharistic Teaching of Luther, Zwingli and Calvin. Glasgow: Jackson Wylie and Co., 1927.

Barkley, John M. “The Reformed Rite on the Continent.” In The Worship of the Reformed Church. Richmond: John Knox Press, 1967, pp. 10–21.

Barrow, Reg. Calvin, Covenanting, and Close Communion. Edmonton: Still Waters Revival Books, 1996.

Beaumont, N. Hunter. “‘Constantly Fed By Christ’: John Calvin’s Eucharistic Theology as an Application of his Soteriology.” Th.M. thesis, Dallas Theological Seminary, 2003.

Bente, Friedrich. “The Crypto-Calvinistic Controversy.” In Historical Introductions to the Book of Concord. St. Louis: Concordia, 1965, pp. 172–92.

Bouyer, Louis. “The Calvinist Sacraments.” In A History of Christian Spirituality. London: Burns & Oates, 1969, pp. 89–91.

______. “The Un-Eucharistic Eucharist of the Reformers: Zwingli, Oecolampadius, Farel and Calvin.” In Eucharist: Theology and Spirituality of the Eucharistic Prayer. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968, pp. 391–96.

Brienen, T. “The Lord’s Supper Celebration With Calvin.” Diakonia 15, no. 1 (2001): 5–8.

Bromiley, G. W. Sacramental Teaching and Practice in the Reformation Churches. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1957.

Bunting, Ian D. “The Consensus Tigurinus.” The Journal of Presbyterian History 44 (1966): 45–61.

Burkhart, John Ernest. “Thinking From the Table.” McCormick Quarterly 23 (1969-70): 3–16.

Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Library of Christian Classics, vols. 20–21. Edited by John T. McNeill. Translated by Ford Lewis Battles. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1960, Book IV, chs. 14, 17, 18.

______. Treatises on the Sacraments. Translated by Henry Beveridge. Fearn: Christian Focus Publications, 2002.

Crockett, William R. “Calvin.” In Eucharist: Symbol of Transformation. New York: Pueblo Publishing Co., 1989, pp. 148–63.

Cross, Richard. “Catholic, Calvinist, and Lutheran Doctrines of Eucharistic Presence: A Brief Note Towards a Rapproachment.” International Journal of Systematic Theology 4, no. 3 (2002): 301–18.

Dabney, Robert L. “The Lord’s Supper – concluded.” In Systematic Theology. Carlisle: Banner of Truth, 1985, pp. 809–817.

Davies, Horton. “Four Eucharistic Theories.” In Worship and Theology in England, 1534–1603. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970, pp. 80–85.

Davis, Thomas J. The Clearest Promises of God: The Development of Calvin’s Eucharistic Teaching. New York: AMS Press, 1995.

De Jong, Peter Y. “Calvin on the Frequency of Communion.” The Banner 85 (Oct. 20, 1950), 1292.

Decker, Robert D. “Calvin’s Liturgy.” Standard Bearer 71 (Oct. 15, 1994)

Duncan, Ligon. “True Communion With Christ: Calvin, Westminster and Consensus on the Lord’s Supper.” In The Westminster Confession Into the 21st Century, vol. 2. Fearn: Christian Focus Publications, 2004, pp. 429–75.

Elwood, Christopher. The Body Broken: The Calvinistic Doctrine of the Eucharist and the Symbolization of Power in Sixteenth-Century France. Oxford Studies in Historical Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Emery, Pierre-Yves. “The Teaching of Calvin on the Sacrificial Element in the Eucharist.” Reformed Presbyterian World 26 (1960-61): 109–114.

Faber, Riemer. “John Calvin on Admission to the Lord’s Supper.” Clarion 48, no. 21 (1999): 492–93.

Farrow, Douglas. “Between the Rock and a Hard Place: In Support of (something like) a Reformed View of the Eucharist.” International Journal of Systematic Theology 3, no. 2 (July 2001): 167–86.

______. “In Support of a Reformed View of Ascension and Eucharist.” In Reformed Theology: Identity and Ecumenicity. Edited by Wallace M. Alston, Jr. and Michael Welker. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003, pp. 351–71.

Fitzer, Joseph. “The Augustinian Roots of Calvin’s Eucharistic Thought.” Augustinian Studies 7 (1976): 69–98. Also in Richard Gamble, Articles on Calvin and Calvinism, vol. 10.

Franklin, R. William and Joseph M. Shaw. “Luther and Calvin on the Eucharist.” In The Case for Christian Humanism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991, pp. 118–20; 126–30.

Gamble, Richard C., ed. Articles on Calvin and Calvinism, Vol. 10, Calvin’s Ecclesiology: Sacraments and Deacons. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992.

______. “Calvin’s Controversies.” In The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin. Edited by Donald K. McKim. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 188–203.

______. “Sacramental Continuity Among Reformed Refugees: Peter Martyr Vermigli and John Calvin.” In Peter Martyr Vermigli and the European Reformations. Edited by Frank A. James, III. Leiden: Brill, 2004, pp. 97–112.

Gerrish, B. A. “Calvin’s Eucharistic Piety.” Reformed Liturgy and Music 31, no. 2 (1997): 93–100.

______. “Gospel and Eucharist: John Calvin on the Lord’s Supper.” In The Old Protestantism and the New: Essays on the Reformation Heritage. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1982, pp. 106–17, 320–28.

______. Grace and Gratitude: The Eucharistic Theology of John Calvin. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1993.

______. “John Calvin and the Reformed Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper.” McCormick Quarterly 22, no. 22 (1969): 85–98.

Gleason, R. N. “Calvin and Bavinck on the Lord’s Supper.” Westminster Theological Journal 45 (1983): 273– 303.

Hanna, Eleanor B. “Biblical Interpretation and Sacramental Practice: John Calvin’s Interpretation of John 6:51– 58.” Worship 73, no. 3 (1999): 211–30.

Herbert, Charles. “John Calvin.” In The Lord’s Supper: Uninspired Teaching. London: Seely, Jackson and Halliday, 1879, pp. 335–42.

Heron, Alasdair I. C. “Calvin’s Eucharistic Theology.” In Table and Tradition. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1983, pp. 122–145, 182–83.

Hesselink, I. John. “The Role of the Holy Spirit in Calvin’s Doctrine of the Sacraments.” In Essentialia et Hodierna: oblate P. C. Potgieter. Acta Theologica Supplementum. Edited by D. François Tolmie. Bloemfontein: Universiteit van die Oranje-Vrystaat, 2002, pp. 66–88.

Hodge, Charles. “Doctrine of the Reformed Church on the Lord’s Supper.” In Systematic Theology, 3 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989, vol. 3, pp. 626–650.

Hofman, Marvin. “Mercersburg and Calvin on the Eucharist.” Paper Submitted to Seminar on Calvin’s Institutes. Grand Rapids: Calvin Theological Seminary, 1978.

Holifield, E. Brooks. “John Calvin.” In The Covenant Sealed: The Development of Puritan Sacramental Theology in Old and New England, 1570–1720. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1974, pp. 14–23.

Horton, Michael S. “At Least Weekly: The Reformed Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper and of its Frequent Celebration.” Mid-America Journal of Theology 11 (2000): 147–69.

Hunsinger, George. “Aquinas, Luther, and Calvin: Towards a Chalcedonian Resolution of the Eucharistic Controversies.” In The Gift of Grace: The Future of Lutheran Theology. Edited by Niels Henrik Gregersen, et al. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2005, pp. 181–93.

______. “The Bread That We Break: Toward a Chalcedonian Resolution of the Eucharistic Controversies.” The Princeton Seminary Bulletin 24, no. 2 (2003): 241–58.

Jones, Paul H. “Reformation Concepts: John Calvin.” In Christ’s Eucharistic Presence: A History of the Doctrine. New York: Peter Lang, 1994, pp. 134–67.

Kaiser, Christopher B. “Climbing Jacob’s Ladder: John Calvin and the Early Church on Our Eucharistic Ascent to Heaven.” Scottish Journal of Theology 56, no. 3 (2003): 247–67.

______. “John Calvin Climbing Jacob’s Ladder.” Perspectives 13, no. 4 (1998): 10–12.

Kibble, David G. “The Reformation and the Eucharist.” Churchman 94 (1980): 43–57.

Kiesling, Christopher. “Roman Catholic and Reformed Understandings of the Eucharist.” Journal of Ecumenical Studies 13 (1976): 78–86.

Krauth, Charles P. “Calvin on the Lord’s Supper.” In The Conservative Reformation and its Theology. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1963, pp. 493–502.

Lang, Bernhard. “The West-Side Story (2): Calvin’s Theory of Christ’s Spiritual Presence.” In Sacred Games: A History of Christian Worship. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997, pp. 323–27.

Larson, Mark. “Moving Beyond Zwingli: The Calvinist Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper.” The Outlook 54, no. 4 (2004): 11–13.

Lecerf, Auguste. “The Liturgy of the Holy Supper at Geneva in 1542.” Reformed Liturgy 3, no. 2 (1966–67): 17– 24.

Lovibond, Malcolm. “Eucharistic Action in Early Reformed Churches.” Reformation and Renaissance Review 5, no. 2 (2003): 230–44.

MacLeod, Donald. “Calvin Into Hyppolytus?” In To Glorify God: Essays on Modern Reformed Liturgy. Edited by Bryan Spinks and Iain Torrance. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999, pp. 255–67.

Macy, Gary. “Diversity Denied: The Reformation, Calvin, England, and Trent.” In The Banquet’s Wisdom: A Short History of the Theologies of the Lord’s Supper. New York: Paulist Press, 1992, 161–83.

Mascall, Eric L. “Zwingli and Calvin.” In The Recovery of Unity: A Theological Approach. London: Longmans, Green, 1958, pp. 109–115.

Mason, Matthew. “A Spiritual Banquet: John Calvin on the Lord’s Supper.” Churchman 117, no. 4 (2003): 329– 46.

Mathison, Keith A. “John Calvin’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper.” In Given For You: Reclaiming Calvin’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2002, pp. 3–48.

Mayor, Stephen. The Lord’s Supper in Early English Dissent. London: Epworth Press, 1972, pp. ix–xix.

McDonnell, Kilian. “Calvin’s Eucharistic Doctrine.” Reformed Liturgics 5, no. 2 (Fall 1968): 13–21.

______. John Calvin, the Church, and the Eucharist. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967.

McGrath, Alister E. “The Doctrine of the Sacraments.” In Reformation Thought: An Introduction. 2d ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993, pp. 159–87.

McKim, Donald K. “Sacramental Controversy: What is the Lord’s Supper?” In Theological Turning Points: Major Issues in Christian Thought. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1988, pp. 134–50, 197–99.

McLelland, Joseph C. “Lutheran-Reformed Debate on the Eucharist and Christology.” In Marburg Revisited: A Reexamination of Lutheran and Reformed Traditions. Edited by Paul C. Empie. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1967, pp. 39–54.

Meyer, Boniface. “Calvin’s Eucharistic Doctrine: 1536–1539.” Journal of Ecumenical Studies 4 (1967): 47–65.

Meyer, John R. “Mysterium fidei and the Later Calvin.” Scottish Journal of Theology 25 (1972): 392–411.

Moore-Keish, Martha L. “Calvin, Sacraments, and Ecclesiology.” In Call to Worship: Liturgy, Music, Preaching and the Arts, edited by Theodore A. Gill, Jr., 25–41. Louisville: Geneva Press, 2002.

Nevin, John Williamson. The Mystical Presence: A Vindication of the Reformed or Calvinistic Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2000.

Nicholls, John D. “Union With Christ: John Calvin on the Lord’s Supper.” In Union and Communion, 1529–1979. London: The Westminster Conference, 1980, pp. 35–54.

Nicholson, Brian. “Calvin’s Doctrine of the Spiritual Presence of Christ in the Lord’s Supper.” Antithesis 2, no. 2 (1991): 35–38.

Nijenhuis, W. “Calvin and the Augsburg Confession.” In Ecclesia Reformata: Studies on the Reformation. Kerkhistorische Bijdragen, vol. 3. Leiden: Brill, 1972, pp. 97–114.

Nischan, Bodo. “The ‘Fractio Panis’: A Reformed Communion Practice in Late Reformation Germany.” Christian History 53: 17–29.

O’Keefe, Bernard J. “Casel and Calvin on the Eucharist.” Canadian Journal of Theology 11 (1965): 8–24.

Oberman, Heiko A. “Reformation, Preaching, and Ex Opere Operato.” In Christianity Divided: Protestant and Roman Catholic Theological Issues. Edited by Daniel J. Callahan, Heiko A. Oberman, and Daniel J. O’Hanlon. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1961, pp. 223–39.

______. “The ‘extra’ Dimension in the Theology of Calvin.” In The Dawn of the Reformation: Essays in Late Medieval and Early Reformation Thought. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1986, pp. 234–58.

Old, Hughes Oliphant. Themes and Variations for a Christian Doxology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992, pp. 78– 83.

Osterhaven, Maurice Eugene. “Eating and Drinking Christ: The Lord’s Supper as an Act of Worship in the Theology and Practice of John Calvin.” Reformed Review 37 (1983–1984): 83–93.

______. “The Sacraments.” In The Faith of the Church: A Reformed Perspective on its Historical Development. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982, pp. 125–54.

Park, Gon-taik. “A Study on Eucharistic Theology of Calvin and BEM Document.” Presbyterian Theological Quarterly 61, no. 2 (Summer 1994): 153–83.

Partee, Charles. “Calvin’s Central Dogma Again.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 18 (1987): 191–99.

Pelikan, Jaroslav. “The Relevance of Calvin.” In Obedient Rebels: Catholic Substance and Protestant Principle in Luther’s Reformation. New York: Harper & Row, 1964, pp. 145–46.

Pruett, Gordon E. “A Protestant Doctrine of the Eucharistic Presence.” Calvin Theological Journal 10 (1975): 142–74.

Readling, Eric L. “The Reformation and Christ’s Presence: An Exploration of the Presence of Christ in the Lord’s Supper as Defined in the Eucharistic Theologies of the Roman Catholic Church and the Sixteenth-Century Reformation Theologians Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Calvin.” Th.M. thesis, Duke University, 1999.

Reid, J. K. S. “Gospel and Eucharist: A Reformed Exposition.” In Oecumenica: An Annual Symposium of Ecumenical Research. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1970, pp. 212–39.

Reid, W. Stanford. “The Lord’s Supper and Church Unity in the Thought of John Calvin.” Theological Forum 12 (July 1985): 2–6.

Rorem, Paul. Calvin and Bullinger on the Lord’s Supper. Bramcote: Grove Books Limited, 1989. Reprinting of articles from the Lutheran Quarterly (1988).

______. “Calvin and Bullinger on the Lord’s Supper. Part I: The Impasse.” Lutheran Quarterly 2 (1988): 155– 84.

______. “Calvin and Bullinger on the Lord’s Supper. Part II: The Agreement.” Lutheran Quarterly 2, no. 2 (1988): 257–389.

______. “The Consensus Tigurinus (1549): Did Calvin Compromise?” In Calvinus Sacrae Scripturae Professor. Edited by Wilhelm H. Neuser. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994, pp. 72–90.

Sasse, Herman. “Calvin’s Attempt to Solve the Problem of the Sacrament.” In This is my Body: Luther’s Contention for the Real Presence in the Sacrament of the Altar. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1959, pp. 320– 30.

Schweitzer, Albert. “The Prelude: Zwingli and Calvin.” In The Problem of the Lord’s Supper. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1982, pp. 63–64.

Smedes, Lewis B. “Calvin and the Lord’s Supper.” The Reformed Journal 4, no. 6 (1954): 5–7.

______. “Calvin and the Lord’s Supper.” The Reformed Journal 4, no. 7 (1954): 4–5.

______. “The Sacrament of Community.” The Reformed Journal 2 (Oct 1952): 13–15.

Smith, Harold. “The Reformation of Doctrine.” In The Evangelical Doctrine of Holy Communion. Edited by John Allan MacDonald. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, 1930, pp. 151–91.

Smyth, T. A. B. “The Holy Communion in the Reformed Tradition.” In Church and Eucharist. Edited by Michael Hurley. Dublin: Gill, 1968, pp. 75–88.

Spijker, Willem van’t. “Bucer’s Influence on Calvin: Church and Community.” In Martin Bucer: Reforming Church and Community. Edited by David Frederick Wright. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 32–44.

Spoelstra, Bouke. “Calvin’s Concept and the Formulary of the GKSA for Administration of the Lord’s Supper.” Koers 66, nos. 1 & 2 (2001): 131–45.

Steinmetz, David C. “Calvin and His Lutheran Critics.” Lutheran Quarterly 4 (1990): 179–94. Reprinted in Calvin in Context. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, pp. 172–186.

Stevenson, Kenneth W. “Zwingli, Bucer, Calvin, and Knox.” In Eucharist and Offering. New York: Pueblo Publishing, 1986, pp. 136–41.

Stuebbe, Robert D. “The Reformed View of the Lord’s Supper According to Calvin.” Reformed Herald 25 (1969– 1970): 41–43.

Tamburello, Dennis M. Union With Christ: John Calvin and the Mysticism of Saint Bernard. Columbia Series in Reformed Theology. Louisville: Westminster, 1994.

Taylor, George A. “The Reformed Doctrine of the Real Presence.” Presbyterian Journal 19 (Nov. 23, 1960): 10.

Taylor, Michael J. “Calvin.” In The Protestant Liturgical Renewal: A Catholic Viewpoint. Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1963, pp. 82–92.

Thurian, Max. “The Real Presence.” In The Eucharistic Memorial. Translated by J. G. Davies. Richmond: John Knox Press, 1961, pp. 108–124.

Tinker, Melvin. “Language, Symbols and Sacraments: Was Calvin’s View of the Lord’s Supper Right?” Churchman 112, no. 2 (1998): 131–49.

Tylenda, Joseph N. “A Eucharistic Sacrifice in Calvin’s Theology?” Theological Studies 37 (1976): 456–66.

______. “Calvin and Christ’s Presence in the Supper – True or Real.” Scottish Journal of Theology 27 (1974): 65–75.

______. “Calvin and Westphal: Two Eucharistic Theologies in Conflict.” In Calvin’s Books. Edited by Wilhelm H. Neuser, Herman J. Selderhuis, and Willem van’t Spijker. Heerenveen: J. J. Groen en Zoon, 1997, pp. 9–22.

______. “Calvin on Christ’s True Presence in the Lord’s Supper.” American Ecclesiastical Review 155, no. 5 (1966): 321–33.

______. “The Calvin-Westphal Exchange: The Genesis of Calvin’s Treatises Against Westphal.” Calvin Theological Journal 9 (1974): 182–209.

______. “Calvin’s Understanding of the Communication of Properties.” Westminster Theological Journal 38 (1975–1976): 54–65.

______. “The Ecumenical Intention of Calvin’s Early Eucharistic Teaching.” In Reformatio Perennis: Essays on Calvin and the Reformation in Honor of Ford Lewis Battles. Edited by B. A. Gerrish and Robert Benedetto. Pittsburgh: Pickwick Press, 1981, pp. 27–47.

Vander Zee, Leonard J. “A Brief History of the Theology of the Lord’s Supper.” In Christ, Baptism, and the Lord’s Supper. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2004, pp. 161–85.

Veldman, Harold. “Views on the Sacraments (Lord’s Supper): The Reformed View.” Standard Bearer 40 (1963– 1964): 280–281, 304–305, 354–355, 378–379, 448–449.

Walker, G. S. M. “The Lord’s Supper in the Theology and Practice of Calvin.” In Calvin: A Collection of Essays. Edited by G. E. Duffield. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1966, pp. 131–148.

Wallace, Ronald S. Calvin’s Doctrine of the Word and Sacrament. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1957.

Weber, A. S. “The Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper in Calvin’s System of Thought.” Reformed Church Review 56, no. 2 (April 1909): 209–228.

Wengert, Timothy. “ ‘We Will Feast Together in Heaven Forever’: The Epistolary Friendship of John Calvin and Philip Melanchthon.” In Melanchthon in Europe: His Work and Influence Beyond Wittenburg. Edited by Karin Maag. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999, pp. 19–44.

Whale, John S. “Calvin’s ‘Yes But…’” In Christian Reunion: Historic Divisions Considered. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1971, pp. 75–96.

Willimon, William H. “Reformation and Reaction: The Sixteenth Century.” In Word, Water, Wine and Bread: How Worship Has Changed Over the Years. Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 1980, pp. 61–74.

Woodruff, Jennifer L. “John Calvin, the Wesleys, and John Williamson Nevin on the Lord’s Supper.” Methodist History 41, no. 4 (2003): 159–78.

Related Studies

Adger, John. “Calvin Defended Against Drs. Cunningham and Hodge.” Southern Presbyterian Review 27 (Jan. 1876): 133–166.

Anderson, Marvin W. “Peter Martyr, Reformed Theologian (1542–1562): His Letters to Bullinger and Calvin” Sixteenth Century Journal 4 (1973): 41–65.

Berkouwer, G. C. The Sacraments. Translated by Hugo Bekker. Studies in Dogmatics. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969.

Brilioth, Yngve. Eucharistic Faith and Practice: Evangelical and Catholic. Translated by A. G. Hebert. London: SPCK, 1956.

Bruce, Robert. The Mystery of the Lord’s Supper. Edited and translated by Thomas F. Torrance. Fearn: Christian Focus Publications, 2005.

Clark, Francis. Eucharistic Sacrifice and the Reformation. 2d ed. Devon: Augustine, 1980.

Cochrane, Arthur C., ed. Reformed Confessions of the Sixteenth Century. New ed. Louisville: Westminster, 2003.

Corda, Salvatore. Veritas Sacramenti: A Study in Vermigli’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper. Zurich: Theologischer Verlag Zurich, 1975.

Davies, Horton. “A Predominantly Catholic or Protestant Rite?” In Worship and Theology in England. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970, pp. 178–94.

______. “Cranmer’s Eucharistic Theology.” In Worship and Theology in England. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970, pp. 111–120.

De Jong, Peter Y. “The Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper.” In The Church’s Witness to the World. Pella, IA: Pella Publishing, 1962, pp. 386–90.

Gerrish, B. A. “The Flesh of the Son of Man: John W. Nevin on the Church and the Eucharist.” In Tradition and the Modern World: Theology in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978, pp. 49–70.

Gerrish, B. A. “The Lord’s Supper in the Reformed Confessions.” Theology Today 23 (July 1966): 224–43.

Greaves, Richard L. “John Knox, the Reformed Tradition, and the Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper.” Archiv fur Reformationgeschichte 66 (1975): 238–255.

Hageman, Howard G. Pulpit and Table: Some Chapters in the History of Worship in the Reformed Churches. Richmond: John Knox Press, 1962.

Hodge, Charles. “Doctrine of the Reformed Church on the Lord’s Supper.” Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review 20 (1848): 227–78. Hodge’s review of The Mystical Presence by J. W. Nevin.

Holifield, E. Brooks. “Mercersburg, Princeton, and the South: The Sacramental Controversy in the Nineteenth Century.” The Journal of Presbyterian History 54 (1976): 238–57.

Janse, Wim. “Wittenberg Calvinizans: The Involvement of Melanchthon, Peucer, and Eber in the Bremen Sacramentarian Controversy, 1560.” In Ordentlich und Fruchtbar: Festschrift fur Willem van’t Spijker Anlasslich seines Abschieds als Professor der Theologischen Universitat Apeldoorn. Edited by Wilhelm H. Neuser and Herman J. Selderhuis. Leiden: J. J. Groen en Zoon, 1997, pp. 53–67.

Killinger, Keith Alan. “Luther’s Theology of the Real Presence.” In Hoc Facite: The Role of the Words of Institution in the Lutheran Understanding and Celebration of the Lord’s Supper in the Sixteenth Century. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services, 1997, pp. 299–319.

Knox, D. Broughton. The Lord’s Supper From Wycliffe to Cranmer. Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1983.

Lane, Anthony N. S. “Calvin’s Use of the Fathers and the Medievals.” Calvin Theological Journal 16 (1981):149– 205.

Letham, Robert. The Lord’s Supper: Eternal Word in Broken Bread. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2001.

Macy, Gary. The Theologies of the Eucharist in the Early Scholastic Period. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.

McLelland, Joseph C. The Visible Words of God: A Study in the Theology of Peter Martyr, 1500–1562. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1957.

McLelland, Joseph C. and G. Duffield, eds. The Life, Early Letters and Eucharistic Writings of Peter Martyr. Appleford, Oxford: Sutton Courtenay Press, 1989.

Nevin, John Williamson. “Doctrine of the Reformed Church on the Lord’s Supper.” Mercersburg Review 2, no. 5 (Sept. 1850). Nevin’s response to Hodge’s review of The Mystical Presence. Also reprinted in John W. Nevin, The Mystical Presence and Other Writings on the Eucharist, ed. Bard Thompson and George H. Bricker, Lancaster Series on the Mercersburg Theology, no. 4 (Philadelphia: United Church Press, 1966), 267–401.

Old, Hughes Oliphant. “The Lord’s Supper.” In Worship: Reformed According to Scripture. Rev. ed. Louisville: Westminster, 2002, pp. 109–146.

Raitt, Jill. The Eucharistic Theology of Theodore Beza. Chambersburg, PA: American Academy of Religion, 1972.

Rohls, Jan. “The Development of the Old Reformed Confessional Writings.” In Reformed Confessions: Theology From Zurich to Barmen. Translated by John Hoffmeyer. Columbia Series in Reformed Theology. Louisville: Westminster, 1998, pp. 9–28.

Schmidt, Leigh Eric. Holy Fairs: Scottish Communions and American Revivals in the Early Modern Period. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.

Shelton, Robert M. “A Theology of the Lord’s Supper From the Perspective of the Reformed Tradition.” Reformed Liturgy and Music 16 (Winter 1982): 2–11.

Stone, Darwell. A History of the Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist, 2 vols. London: Longman, Green, and Co., 1909.

Strohl, Jane E. “God’s Self-Revelation in the Sacrament of the Altar.” In By Faith Alone. Edited by Joseph A. Burgess and Marc Kolden. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004, pp. 97–109.

Thompson, Nicholas. Eucharistic Sacrifice and Patristic Tradition in the Theology of Martin Bucer 1534–1546. Studies in the History of Christian Traditions. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

Torrance, Thomas F. The Hermeneutics of John Calvin. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1988.

______, ed. The School of Faith: The Catechisms of the Reformed Church. New York: Harper & Row, 1959.

Venema, Cornelis P. “The Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper in the Reformed Confessions.” Mid-America Journal of Theology 12 (2001): 81–145.

______. “The Doctrine of the Sacraments and Baptism According to the Reformed Confessions.” Mid-America Journal of Theology 11 (2000): 21–86.

Vermigli, Peter Martyr. The Oxford Treatise and Disputation on the Eucharist, 1549. The Peter Martyr Library, vol. 7. Edited and translated by Joseph C. McLelland. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2000.

Visser, Dirk. “In the Interim: The Doctrine of the Real Presence in Melanchthon’s Theological Development After Luther, 1546–1560.” The New Mercersburg Review 12 (Autumn 1992): 3–15.

Wallace, Peter J. “History and Sacrament: John Williamson Nevin and Charles Hodge on the Lord’s Supper.” Mid-America Journal of Theology 11 (2000): 171–201.

Willis, David. “A Reformed Doctrine of the Eucharist and Ministry and its Implications for Roman Catholic Dialogues.” Journal of Ecumenical Studies 21, no. 2 (Spring 1984): 295–309.