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Новости Систематики Низших Растений — Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii 53(2): 417–428

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Новости Систематики Низших Растений — Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii 53(2): 417–428 Новости систематики низших растений — Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 53(2): 417–428. 2019 The genus Oxymitra (Marchantiophyta) in Russia A. D. Potemkin1, Yu. A. Rebriev2 1Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 2Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Corresponding author: A. D. Potemkin, [email protected] Abstract. Differentiation, ecology and conservation and collecting issues are discussed for the genus and species Oxymitra incrassata obtained from the Rostov Region as new for Russia. Its de- scription, variation, macro- and microphotographs and photograph of preferred habitat are provided. SEM study and images of spores display their characteristically smooth surface resulting in a shiny appearance. Keywords: Oxymitra incrassata, conservation, differentiation, ecology, morphology, SEM, spores, European Russia, Rostov Region. род Oxymitra (Marchantiophyta) в россии а. Д. Потемкин1, Ю. а. ребриев2 1Ботанический институт им. В. Л. комарова ран, санкт-Петербург, россия 2Южный научный центр ран, ростов-на-Дону, россия Автор для переписки: а. Д. Потемкин, [email protected] Резюме. обсуждаются вопросы дифференциации, экологии, особенностей сбора и охраны недавно выявленного в ростовской обл. нового для россии рода и вида Oxymitra incrassata. Приведены описание, характеристика изменчивости, макро- и микрофотографии и фотогра- фии среды обитания; выполненное сЭм исследование строения спор выявило их сглаженную поверхность, обусловливающую их блеск. Ключевые слова: Oxymitra incrassata, морфология, отличия, охрана, споры, сЭм, экология, европейская россия, ростовская область. The genus Oxymitra Bisch. ex Lindenb. (Oxymitraceae Müll. Frib. ex Grolle, Ric- ciales Lindenb.) includes two species: the widespread O. incrassata and the South Af- rican O. cristata Garside. American plants of Oxymitra incrassata were distinguished by Howe (1914a) as a separate species, O. androgyna Howe, a status that was not confirmed by subsequent studies (Schuster, 1992). The species of Oxymitra are xero- thermophytes, occurring in habitats subjected to long periods of desiccation. Oxymitra incrassata was first reported from adjacent to the Russia territory of Ukraine about 75 years ago (Zerov, 1964). At present it is known in Ukraine from 12 squares (Zerov, 1964; Maslovsky, 2017). Also it was recorded from a location from Mongolia adjacent to Russia (Schubert et al., 1977), which was cited by Abramov and Abramova (1983). On this basis, Oxymitra was listed as a provisional genus for https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2019.53.2.417 417 Potemkin, Rebriev. The genus Oxymitra (Marchantiophyta) in Russia the liverwort flora of Russia (Potemkin, Sofronova, 2009). With these nearby records, finding a Russian occurrence was viewed as highly probable. The genus Oxymitra was indeed recently recorded as new for Russia on the basis of a collection made by the second author in April, 2017 in the Rostov Region (Ellis et al., 2019). A subsequent targeted search of O. incrassata by both authors in the southern European Russia area was unsuccessful. The first record of Oxymitra incrassata in Russia, the heretofore lack of its description and illustrations in the Russian literature as well as the necessity to attract attention to its further search in Russia persuade us to discuss separately its morphology, ecology and distribution, provide photographs and appropriate referen- ces to facilitate further finds of O. incrassata in Russia. Material and Methods Material was collected at the end of April, 2017 by Rebriev and identified by Po- temkin. Photomicrographs of pores were obtained with light microscope Lomo Mic- med2 equipped with camera Nicon D5100. The pore images were combined from several optical sections using the software package HeliconFocus 3.0. The other pho- tomicrographs were made by camera Olympus Tough TG-3 using its macro- and stack- ing modes. For SEM study spores were placed on stubs without any pretreatment, and images were taken using a JEOL JSM-6390LA scanning electron microscope. Description is based on specimens examined and extended on the basis of the treat- ments and illustrations by Müller (1951–1958), Zerov (1964), Schuster (1992), Po- temkin, Sofronova (2009), Campos-Sandoval, Campos-Sandoval (2017), World Flora Online (2018). Data from the literature not confirmed by the specimen study are pro- vided in square brackets in the species description. Results and Discussion Oxymitra incrassata (Brot.) Sérgio et Sim-Sim, 1989, J. Bryol. 15: 662. ≡ Riccia in- crassata Brot., 1804, Fl. Lusit. 2: 428. = Oxymitra paleacea Bisch., 1829, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 14(2, Suppl.). = Tesselina pyramidata (Willd.) Dumort., 1822, Comment. Bot.: 78. ≡ Riccia pyrami- data Willd., 1788. Bot. Mag. (Römer & Usteri) 2(4): 9. (Plates I: 1; II; III; IV) Thalli 2.5–5.5[7] mm wide and up to 10 mm long, dull green to yellowish green and cinnamon, dark brown or tinged purple, simple or 2–[3 times branched and then often forming hemi-rosettes], often convolute when dry and then covered by bleached scales, with remarkable deep median groove particularly in wet sterile thalli, which becomes indistinct in dry thalli, in cross section somewhat wider than high or high- er than wide, with narrow tall unistratose air chambers. Epidermal cells thin-walled, pores ± stellate, bounded by 5–6[7] cells with ± thickened internal and radial walls. Ventral scales large and ± extending beyond thallus margins, most remarkable in fe- male and convolute dry plants, bleached in distal part and brown or purplish in prox- imal part mostly, gradually narrowed in narrowly triangular ciliate apex, without ap- 418 Новости систематики низших растений — Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 53(2): 417–428. 2019 pendages and oil bodies. Dioicious or monoicous. Antheridia and archegonia situated along median groove on separate thalli, [intermingled with each other or situated on separate branches]. Antheridia immersed in the thallus with ostioles projected above median groove. Archegonia on surface of median groove enclosed in becoming cinna- mon [or purple] prominent pyriform involucres with air chambers and a short beak, [bounded by inconspicuous white filiform scales]. Mature capsules enclosed in strong- ly projecting involucres in 1–2(3) rows. Spores black opaque and shiny, 80–200 per capsule, (90)100–140 µm in diam. in European plants [and up to 180 µm in American plants]. Spore structure invisible in light microscope because of deep black pigmen- tation. Spore surfaces nearly smooth in SEM images, distal face with 4–5(6) shallow areoles across diam., (15)23–40(48) µm in diam., proximal surface smooth, triradiate mark distinct. [Spores dispersed in periods of rains due to the floating ability of the involucre with air chambers]. Elaters absent. Note on spore surface structure. Provided by Sergio and Sim-Sim (1989: Fig. 3) SEM spore images from a specimen collected by F. Welwitch, which was select- ed as neotype of Oxymitra incrassata, were clarified by a solution of sodium hypochlo- ride that resulted in a change of the spore surface structure which became tuberculate with acute ribs of meshes. Spores studied by us were mounted on a SEM stub without pretreatment and have a smooth surface structure and rounded ribs of meshes. As it was shown by our study spores of O. incrassata in collections over 100 years old are often destroyed or covered by fungal hyphae seen also in: Fig. 3, a, d by Sergio, Sim- Sim (1989). Such spores are unsuitable for proper investigation. The spores, drawn and described by Schuster (1992: Fig. 982: 1) were redrawn from Hässel de Menéndez (1962: Fig. 74, G), and also have acute ribs defining the areolae and show the surface with verrucae (0.2–0.5)2–5 µm high. Such a description may result also from some pretreatment of spores to facilitate observation with a light microscope. Schuster (1992) describes spores as shiny, which completely corresponds to our observations and can be observed at Plate III: 5. The shiny structure is corre- lates with the smooth spore surface shown in Plate IV. Specimens examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Orlovsky District, Rostovsky State Na- ture Reserve, Starikovsky plot, second flood plain terrace of Manych River, ca. 46.538211°N, 42.890220°E, upper part of gentle south-faced valley steppe slope with dominance of Sti- pa lessingiana, Festuca valesiaca, Agropyron desertorum, Artemisia lerchiana and abundant Artemisia santonica, Galatella villosa, Iris pumila, Limonium gmelinii, in seasonally moist probably drying in summer stria, on chestnut somewhat saline soil, plants with androecia, 26 IV 2014, Yu. Rebriev, LE; Italien, Sondrio im ville Tellina (Lombardei)… auf sandiger Erde und Zwischen trockenen Felsen der Weinberge, 360–400 m, 17 IX 1901, E. Levier (V. Schiffner. Hepaticae еuropaeae exsiccatae 1168), LE;France, Frankreich, Rosquehaute (Dép. Hérault), auf sandigem Diluvium und auf vulkanischem Boden, a) Nov. 1902, b) Dez. 1902, A. Crozals (V. Schiffner. Hepaticae еuropaeae exsiccatae 1167a, b), LE;Austria inferior: ad terram nudam ad “Rothenhof” prope Stein a. D. J. Baumgartner (Kryptoga- mae exsiccatae 181), LE; Niedorösterreich, Südhänge (Schiefer) oberhalb Rotenhohof bei 419 Potemkin, Rebriev. The genus Oxymitra (Marchantiophyta) in Russia Plate I. Oxymitra incrassata (1) and its habitat (2) in the Rostov Region, by Yu. A. Rebriev. Scale bar: 5 mm. 420 Новости систематики низших растений — Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 53(2): 417–428. 2019 Plate II. Oxymitra incrassata. 1–3 — pores; 4, 5 — ventral scales; 6 — wet thallus; 7— cross section of old part of male thallus with anteridial chamber and ostioles above. All from 26 IV 2014, Rebriev, LE, by A. D. Potemkin. Scale bar: 1–3 — 17 µm; 4, 5 — 375 µm; 6 — 1400 mm; 7 — 700 µm. 421 Potemkin, Rebriev. The genus Oxymitra (Marchantiophyta) in Russia Plate III. Dry plants of Oxymitra incrassata. 1–2 — from the Rostov Region (26 IV 2014, Yu. Rebriev, LE); 3–4 — from Texas, USA (4 VIII 1991, G. Merrill 13338, LE); 5 — from Austria, thallus with detached involucre and spores in thallus cavity below involucre (Apr. 1903, J. Baumgartner, V. Schiffner (V.
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