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T R. No. 4607/57 h e I n d i a n P o l i c TThhee IInnddiiaann PPoolliiccee JJoouurrnnaall e J o u r Vol. LIII No. 1 January-March, 2006 n a l L I I I CM YK N o . 1 J a n u a r y - M a r c h , Promoting Good Practices and Standards 0 Published by the Bureau of Police Research & Development, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi 6 and Printed at Aravali Printers & Publishers (P) Ltd., Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi - 110 020 The Indian Police Journal CONTENTS Vol. LIII-No.1 January-March, 2006 Editorial Board 1. Editorial 2 2. Abstracts & Key words 3 3. Policing in 21st Century: Areas for Concern 7 Dr. Kiran Bedi - Chairman O.P. Mishra, IPS Sh. Rakesh Jaruhar - Member 4. Road Accidents & Drivers’ Psychology 12 Sh. R.C.Arora - Member Some Policy Implications Sh. Sanjay Baniwal - Member Banibrata Basu, IPS Dr. B.V.Trivedi - Member 5. What Ails the Indian Police ? 17 Prashant Singh 6. Comparative Study of Synthesized and 26 Human Speech - Forensic Significance S.K. Jain and R.K. Mishra 7. Study of Speech Characteristics due to Pitch 36 Shift by Time Warping Method and its’ Impact on Forensic Speaker Identification C.P. Singh, K. Manisha and S. K. Choudhury 8. Forensic Hypnosis 43 Muktesh Chander, IPS Editor P. N. Khurana 9. Influence of Occupational Stress on 50 Adjustment: A study of Police Personnel Dr. Shah Alam 10. Investigation of Gaseous Poisoning Cases 62 and their Forensic Implications Dr. D. Sengupta 11. Incidents of Self Immolation & Suicide in 67 Ancient India (Early Times to 1200 A.D.) Umesh Kumar Singh IPS 12. Need of HR Benchmarking Strategy for 85 Police Organisations : A Study in CBI Pankaj, Saxena IPS 13. Book Review 110 14. From the Desk of Director (R&D) 112 15. Police Medal for Meritorious Service 113 Available at our website : www.bprd.gov.in Awarded on Republic Day-2006 Editorial The Indian Police Journal provides a perennial source of valuable information on issues related to different aspects of Police and Prison Administration in our country. We are privileged to have notable contribution from our esteemed serving and retired practitioners in law enforcement, correctional administration academia etc. on a regular basis. Owing to certain administrative circumstances beyond our control, this issue of IPJ is unusually delayed. We regret for this delay while assuring more regular issues. This issue covers articles on, “Policing in 21st Century-Areas for Concern” written by Sh. O.P.Mishra, in which he highlights some important aspects of police functioning in the 21st century. The article on” Road Accidents & Drivers Psychology-Some Policy Implications” by Sh. B.B. Basu underlines the errors behind the road accidents and internal psychological factors behind the tendency of rash driving. The article on, “What Ails the Indian Police” written by Sh. Prashant Singh reveals as to how the statute which governs the Indian police system (Police Act of 1861) acts as a deterrent in the proper functioning or role performance of police in India.. In the article titled as “Investigation of Gaseous Poisoning Cases and their Forensic Implication” by Dr. D. Sengupta, various aspects of poisoning by toxic gases are brought out very vividly. In the article titled “Forensic Hypnosis” written by Sh. Muktesh Chander, IPS has observed that the importance of the hypnotism as a powerful forensic tool for memory enhancement of victims. Police Officers in many countries are taking advantages of this technique. The article titled “Influence of occupational stress on adjustment: a study of Police Personnel” written by Dr. Shah Alam presents his study about Aligarh police in respect of the problems of occupational stress and adjustment of police personnel. Sh. Pankaj Saxena in his article titled “Need of HR Benchmarking Strategy for Police Organisations: A study in CBI”, has emphasised that the Benchmarking is an essential step for pertaining improvement in an organization on an ongoing basis. We fervently hope that this issue of the Journal shall make significant contribution to the information level of not only the police officers but also the other law enforcement officers and in turn shall help them in a modest way in their pursuit of excellence in their respective jurisdiction. ( P.N.KHURANA) EDITOR Promoting Goods Practices and Standards Abstracts & Key Words Policing in 21st Century Dangerous Driving, psychological paper is to highlight, how the Areas for Concern factors in Dangerous Driving, statute which governs the Indian psychometric methods of testing of O.P. Mishra, I.P.S police system (Police Act of 1861) the presence or absence of such acts as a deterrent in the proper Key Words : factors, orientation course for functioning or role performance of Industrializtion, Urbanization, Formal offending drivers. police in India. A complete analysis organization, Methodology, Abstract : of the Police Act shall be made and Prevention and detention, Intelligence, it shall be the effort of the Human error is behind 90% of the Modernization, Transparent. researcher to try and reveal how the road accidents. Rash Driving is one various sections of the Act are Abstract : major source of such human error deteriorating the role performance Theoretically speaking, formal accounting for more than 50% of such of the police. Also, the focus shall organizations have evolved out of accidents. Are there certain internal be on how in the present scenario, growing human needs and rapid psychological factors behind this the police in India is performing its changes in the over all social structure tendency of rash driving? If so, the functions and to what extent has it over a period of time. The gradual normal punitive measures like spot been challenged by the political evolution of the formal organization fining etc. will have limited deterrent intervention and existing political logically adds new dimensions to the effect on such drivers. some special structure. The aim of this paper over all functioning of the psychological counselling may be shall also be to focus on the various organization. The adjustment and necessary before these drivers are kinds of political interventions tuning of the formal organization to the allowed to drive or renew their which the police have to face which changing needs is very much essential licenses. To find out statistical in effect lead to improper and for the existence of the organization significance of such psychological interest driven functioning of the itself. This is true for the Indian Police factors, traffic police division of police. System also. The post independence Kolkata police commissioned a study Indian Police has more become service with the assistance of department of Comparative Study of oriented organization and is trying to psychological, University of Kolkata. Synthesized and Human Speech - touch all important dimensions of a The study brought out the importance Forensic Significance citizen’s life where his over all security of such psychological factors and S.K. Jain and R.K.Mishra is concerned. The present article made some important policy examines some of the issues which conclusions. Key Words : needs to be taken care of by the Indian Synthesized Speech, Wave Police System in the 21st Century. What Ails The Indian Police ? Prashant Singh Morphology, Prosodic Features Road Accidents & Drivers’ Psychology Some Policy Key Words : Abstract : Implications Police, Police Act-1861, Role The involvement of speech in Banibrata Basu, I.P.S Performance, Political Intervention. the criminal offences such as kidnapping for ransom, telephone Key Words : Abstract : threat, obscene calls, drug Road Accedents, Road Rage, Rash or The aim and objective of this pedalling, cross border terrorism Indian Police Journal Vol. LIII No. 1, January-March 2006 3 Abstracts & Key Words and match fixing is not uncommon. Study of Speech Characteristics to the pitch shift condition have been In such cases, the recorded voice is due to Pitch Shift by Time Warping found to be in linear fashion as one of the vital clues for fixing the Method and its’ Impact on compared to the features of normal identity of the culprit by comparing Forensic Speaker Identification speech sample. On the basis of this recorded voice with known C.P. Singh, Manisha K. and study, a method for analysing such samples of the suspect(s). Due to S. K. Choudhury samples for speaker identification has development in speech technology, been formulated. This technique is it is possible to generate human like Key Words : named for time being as “Reverse speech through machine. The Pitch Shift Telephone, Time Time Warping Technique” and found machine-generated speech is very Warping, Formant Frequency and to be effective for pitch shift due to similar to human speech in Fundamental Frequency. time warping technique. audition. The machine-generated Abstract : Forensic Hypnosis speech could be used by the criminals in commission of such Alteration of audio/video Muktesh Chander, I.P.S recording is no more restricted to the criminal offences for maintaining Key Words : their anonymity. It may pose type of alteration like physical misleading interpretation during splicing, addition, deletion, Forensic Hypnosis, Animal crime case examination if expert is obscuration, transformation, and Magnetism, Electroencephalogram, not aware of the characteristic synthesis. Due to the advanced Hypermnesia, Post traumatic stress, features of machine generated or technology, available to the reach of Amnesia, Narcoanalysis, synthesised speech. Therefore, it is general public, alteration also could be Confabulations felt necessary to conduct such in the form of changing overall pitch Abstract : study to generate some of the recorded speech in order to hide Mankind has known hypnotism experimental data for forensic the identity of the speaker and also to since ages under different names. inference.