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VI 16EC611 ANTENNA and WAVE PROPAGATION Objective(S) K.S.R. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous) SEMESTER - VI L T P C 16EC611 ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION Objective(s): 3 0 0 3 • To gain knowledge about antenna fundamentals and radiation properties. • To understand the concept of antenna arrays and special antennas • To learn the various radio wave propagation. UNIT – I ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS09 Hrs Review of electromagnetic theory: Vector potential -Retarded case - Hertizian dipole - Half-wave dipole - Quarter-wave monopole - Antenna characteristics: Radiation pattern - Beam solid angle - Directivity- Gain - Input impedance - Polarization - Bandwidth - Reciprocity - Effective aperture -Effective length - Antenna temperature. UNIT – II ANTENNA ARRAYS 09 Hrs Expression for electric field from two, three and N element arrays - Linear arrays: Broad-side array and End-fire array - Method of pattern multiplication - Binomial array - Phased arrays, Frequency scanning arrays - Adaptive arrays. UNIT - III ANTENNA TYPES 09 Hrs Loop antennas: Radiation from small loop and its radiation resistance -Helical antenna: Normal mode and axial mode operation-Yagiuda antenna- Log periodic antenna – Rhombic antenna- Horn antenna- Reflector antennas and their feed systems - Micro strip antenna. UNIT – IV SPECIAL ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS 09Hrs Antenna for special applications: Antenna for terrestrial mobile communication systems - GPR - Embedded antennas - UWB - Plasma antenna - Smart antennas. Antenna measurements: Radiation pattern, Gain, Directivity, Polarization, Impedance, Efficiency. UNIT – V WAVE PROPAGATION 09 Hrs Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics - Calculation of field strength- Space wave propagation: Reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally polarized waves - Reflection characteristics of earth- Resultant of direct and reflected ray at the receiver- Duct propagation - Sky wave propagation: Structure of the ionosphere- Effective dielectric constant of ionized region- Mechanism of refraction- Refractive index- Critical frequency- Skip distance-Maximum usable frequency - Fading - Diversity reception. Total hours: 45 Text Books: 1. Prasad K. D “Antennas and Wave Propagation”- Tech India Publications, 2009. 2. John D Kraus and Ronalatory Marhefka, Ahmed S Khan “Antennas and Wave Propagation “Tata McGraw-Hill Book Company 4thEdition, Reprint 2010. References: 1. Ballanis "Antenna Theory” John Wiley & Sons 3rd Edition 2012 2. E.C.Jordan and Balmain"Electro Magnetic Waves and Radiating Systems" PHI Reprint 2003. 3. R.E.Collins 'Antennas and Radio Propagation “McGraw-Hill 1987. 4. D.Ganeshrao, B.Somanathan Nair, Deepa Reghunath “Antennas and Radio-Wave Propagation” Sanguine technical publishers Ist Edition, 2007 K.S.R. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous), TIRUCHENGODE – 637 215 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING COURSE / LESSON PLAN SCHEDULE NAME : R.SATHEESKUMAR Class: III-ECE (A, B SECTION) SUBJECT: 16EC611 - ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION TEXTBOOKS: 1. Prasad K. D “Antennas and Wave Propagation”- Tech India Publications, 2009. 2. John D Kraus and Ronalatory Marhefka, Ahmed S Khan “Antennas and Wave Propagation “Tata McGraw-Hill Book Company 4thEdition, Reprint 2010. REFERENCES: 1. Ballanis "Antenna Theory” John Wiley & Sons 3rd Edition 2012 2. E.C.Jordan and Balmain "Electro Magnetic Waves and Radiating Systems" PHIReprint2003. 3. R.E.Collins 'Antennas and Radio Propagation “McGraw-Hill 1987. 4. D.Ganeshrao, B.Somanathan Nair, Deepa Reghunath “Antennas and Radio-Wave Propagation” Sanguine technical publishers 1st Edition, 2007. C). LEGEND: L - Lecture BB - Black Board Tx - Text OHP - Over Head Projector pp - Pages Rx - Reference Sl. Lecture Teaching Aid Topics to be covered Book No. / Page No. No. Hour Required UNIT-I ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS Tx 1/pp 274-277, 415-416, Review of electromagnetic theory, Vector 1. L 1 BB Rx 2/pp90, potential, Retarded case Rx 4/pp349 Tx 1/pp 423-438, 2. L 2 Hertizian dipole OHP Rx 2/pp 321, Tx2/pp 70 - 85 Half-wave dipole antenna, quarter wave and Tx 1/pp 452-461, 3. L 3 BB Monopole antenna. Rx 1/pp 162, Tx 2/pp 157 Tx 1/pp530-534,536,544- Antenna characteristics: Radiation pattern, 548,539,572-574, 4. L 4 BB Beam solid angle, Directivity, Gain Tx 2/pp 09-23, Rx 1/pp28,39,58 Tx 1/pp578, 572-574, 5. L 5 Input impedance, Polarization, Bandwidth, BB Rx 1/pp 73,64, Tx 2/pp 447,48 Tx 1/pp 556-559, 6. L 6 Reciprocity BB Tx 2/pp 259,655, Rx 1/pp 63,127 Tx 1/pp 548 – 553, 7. L 7 Effective aperture BB Rx 1/pp 81-84, Rx 2/pp 44, 517 Tx 1/pp 554-556, 579-582, 8. L 8 Effective length, Antenna temperature. BB Rx 2/pp518, Tx 2/pp 25 – 30,44 – 45 Tx 1/pp 574, 9. L 9 Beam width ,Problems BB Rx 4/pp 13 UNIT-II ANTENNA ARRAYS Tx 1/pp 606-611,614-626, L 10, Expression for electric field from two ,three and 10. BB Tx 2/pp 100-107,115-121, L 11 N element arrays Rx 1/pp 250-266 Tx 1/pp 602-604, L 12, 11. Linear Array :Broad side & End fire array BB Rx 1/pp 262-266, L 13 Rx 4/pp 89-92 Tx 1/pp 611-614, 12. L 14 Method of Pattern Multiplication BB Rx 1/pp 151-153, Rx 4/pp 99 Tx 1/pp 635-637, 13. L 15 Binomial Array BB Rx 1/pp 290-294 Tx 1/pp 626, 14. L 16 Phased arrays BB Tx 2/pp 216-220 15. L 17 Frequency scanning arrays, Adaptive arrays BB Tx 2/pp 221-227 Tx 1/pp 650, 16. L 18 Stacked array, Problems BB Tx 2/pp 442 UNIT-III ANTENNA TYPES Tx 1/pp 718 – 740, Loop antenna:-Radiation from small loop and 17. L 19 BB Tx 2/pp 248 – 257, its radiation resistance Rx 1/pp 204-210 Tx 1/pp 791 -796, Helical Antenna: Normal mode ,Axial mode 18. L 20 BB Rx 1/pp 505-512, operation Tx 2/pp 297, Rx 4/pp 182 Tx 1/pp 777-781, 19. L 21 Yagi-Uda Antenna BB Rx 1/pp 513-533 Tx 1/pp 822-828, 20. L 22 Log periodic Antenna BB Tx 2/pp 435-440, Rx 1/pp 542-566 Tx 1/pp 710-716, 21. L 23 Rhombic Antenna BB Rx 1/pp 502-505 Tx 1/pp 797-799, 22. L 24 Horn Antenna BB Rx 1/pp 651-696, Tx 2/pp 283-294 Tx 1/pp 829-839, 23. L 25 Reflector Antennas and their feed systems BB Rx 1/pp 785-830 Tx 1/ pp 809-810, 24. L 26 Micro strip antenna BB Rx 1/pp 722-726, Tx 2/pp 500-512 Tx 1/pp 839, 25. L 27 Lens Antenna, Problems BB Rx 1/pp 7 UNIT-IV SPECIAL ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS Antenna for special application: Antenna for Tx 2/pp 584, 26. L 28 terrestrial mobile communication systems, BB Rx 4/pp 227-231, GPR Rx 1/pp 175,242 Tx 2/pp 586, 27. L 29 Embedded antennas BB Rx 4/pp 233 Tx 2/pp 586-590, 28. L 30 UWB, Plasma antenna BB Rx 4/pp 233-235 29. L 31 Smart antenna BB Tx 2/pp 224-227, 30. L 32 Antenna measurements: Radiation pattern BB Tx 1/pp 848-851 Tx 1/pp 852-855,859, 31. L 33 Gain and Directivity Measurements BB Tx 2/pp 738-744 Tx 1/pp 859-860, 32. L 34 Polarization BB Tx 2/pp 744-746 Tx 1/pp 845-848,857-859, 33. L 35 Impedance, Efficiency BB Tx 2/pp 746-753 Tx 1/pp 811, 34. L 36 Turnstile Antenna, Problems BB Tx 2/pp 534 UNIT-V WAVE PROPAGATION Ground wave propagation: Attenuation Tx 1/pp 1107-1110, 35. L 37 BB characteristics, Calculation of field strength Tx 2/pp 782 Space Wave Propagation: Reflection from Tx 1/pp 1152-1157, 36. L 38 ground for vertically and horizontally BB Tx 2/pp 799-803 polarized waves Reflection characteristics of earth- Resultant Tx 1/pp 1157-1159, 37. L 39 BB of direct and reflected ray at the receiver Tx 2/pp 803-813 Tx 1/pp 1160-1162, 38. L 40 Duct propagation BB Rx 4/pp 271-276 Sky wave propagation: Structure of the Tx 1/pp 1112,1115-1116, 39. L 41 BB ionosphere Tx 2/pp 815-816 Effective dielectric constant of ionized region, Tx 1/pp 1117-1119,1121, 40. L 42 OHP Mechanism of refraction Tx 2/pp 816-822 Tx 1/pp 1119-1121,1122- Refractive index, Critical frequency, Skip 41. L 43 BB 1123,1144-1145,1139-1143, Tx distance, Maximum usable frequency 2/pp822-828 Tx 1/pp 1147-1148, 42. L 44 Fading, Diversity reception. BB Tx 2/pp 812-813, Rx 4/pp 324 Tx 1/pp 1149, 43. L 45 Whistlers, Problems BB Rx 4/pp 320 K.S.R. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous), TIRUCHENGODE – 637 215 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 16EC611 ANTENNA & WAVE PROPAGATION QUESTION BANK UNIT-I (CO1) ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS 1. Define an antenna. (Remembering) Antenna is a transition device or a transducer between a guided wave and a free space wave or vice versa. Antenna is also said to be an impedance transforming device. 2. What is vector potential? State the expression for vector potential for time varying field. (Remembering) The vector potential is a quantity with magnitude and a direction. This is useful to find the magnetic flux density B and intensity H. The vector potential can be expressed as, µ Idl A = 4π ∫ r Where, µ = Permeability Idl = current element r = distance between point “P” to the current element 3. What are retarded Vector potentials?Give its expression. (Remembering) (AU-June 2014) (AUT-June 2015) There is a finite time delay for propagation of an electromagnetic wave from a source point to the observation point.The effect of this propagation delay is introduced in vector and scalar potentials by simply substituting the time variable ‘t’ by a variable {t-r/c}.The potentials at the observation point are delayed or retarded by this time delay are known as retarded potentials.
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