An Exploratory Study of Copyright Infringement of Digital Material in Mutah University
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 An Exploratory Study Of Copyright Infringement Of Digital Material In Mutah University. Omar Lasassmeh Abstract: This paper provides an exploratory study of copyright infringement of digital material in Mutah University. Copyright infringement levels in the educational organization have consistently ranked higher than other organizations, and this study finds that Mutah University is no exception. Almost a quarter of those surveyed appeared to not understand the legal issues involved in digital or electronic copyright infringement behaviour. However, a majority believe that downloading and sharing digital material illegally is unethical, but they justify piracy from a perception that individual software costs only pennies to produce and represents no harm. The roles of the university procedures in countering copyright infringement also studied. The respondents believed that the university has a responsibility to increase public awareness of copyright infringement issues, but the success of such efforts was limited. The paper summarized some suggestions on copyright infringement, including the use of computer application to detect plagiarism and cheating and the implementation of a unified marketing strategy to raise public awareness of the issue. Index Terms: Digital Piracy, Intellectual Property Rights, Mutah University. —————————— —————————— 1. INTRODUCTION developed several plans to exploit the revelation of the Mutah University is one of (12) public universities in Jordan. It information technology industry in education. In 2014, Mutah provides a wide range of different undergraduate and administration converted general service courses to be taught postgraduate programs in different disciplines. The university online. The extended use of electronic content through e- intent on achieving a high-rank position through assuring learning makes Mutah University considers various education quality of students and professors’ outcomes. regulations to better protect intellectual property and However, as with many other educational schools in the world, copyrights. The university computer centre and Library copyright infringement has become an issue that must be Department have been given full responsibility for enforcing dealt with. To date, there has been very little research into the these instructions. Due in large part to efforts such as these, digital copyright infringement problem in Mutah University, or copyright infringement in Mutah University has seen a steady any other university in Jordan. This paper documents an decline since 2000. The Internet and wireless connections exploratory study of copyright infringement of digital material, development in digital technology have contributed about focusing on descriptive statistics regarding the problem, and dramatic changes in the life quality and style for many the attitude of copyright infringement users to the ways in individuals in the world, although these improvements have which piracy awareness is being addressed by the also provided the opportunity for discrepancy and crime [8]. government and media. The results provide insight into the copyright infringement problem in Mutah University and can Social Culture is often considered as a factor in the difference be used as a starting point for further efforts to reduce illegal in piracy rates between countries and then between intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement. The propagation universities [2]. Thus, their ethical development related to of easily accessible internet among students in schools and intellectual property is of particular concern. In a recent study universities has extended the opportunity of plagiarism and to (Al-Sheikh at the university) at the academic university, when pirate software and electronic content. The autonomous and respondents responded to the behavior of software piracy, anonymous identity and asynchronous nature of 74% of them readily admitted to illegally copying digital communication have contributed to highly psychoactive material (79% of men, 57% of women)[3]. However, only 78% experiences in the online world. Moreover, chances of of respondents understood that piracy was illegal, and detection, apprehension and prosecution over the internet are concluded that 22% of respondents either did not understand exponentially smaller [1]. The study aims at studying and the current status of the legislation or were unaware of the exploring the propagation of copyright infringement in Mutah existence of laws. Therefore, the actual number of people University, studying the relationship between student’s illegally copying software may be larger, as some may commit awareness, copyright issues and the effect of penalties in pricy as legal action. Moreover, 63% of respondents stated reducing digital piracy. that piracy is immoral. While most respondents agreed that piracy was unethical and illegal, even though the majority is 2 RELATED WORK still committing the act, and 11% found piracy illegal, but Mutah University is one of the first universities established in ethical. Hopper stated that nearly half (48%) of primary and Jordan (1981), located in the south of Jordan, Karak middle school students believe that software piracy is legal [4]. governorate. Currently, 20,000 students attend the university Kruger reported 40% of senior teachers to defend piracy and over 700 professors working at Mutah University. In an within schools [5]. Not surprisingly, students' beliefs reflect effort to encourage foreign students and promote growth in those designed by their teachers, as many young people the education level, Mutah university administration has (88%) justify piracy from the perception that individual digital data cost only pennies to produce and do not represent any ———————————————— harm [5]. Because preventive measures and legal deterrence Omar Lasassmeh, Dept of Information System, Mutah do not seem effective in the face of increasing losses [6], it is University. important to investigate the behavioral variables fundamental the phenomenon of piracy. Copyright infringement exists when someone who doesn't own the copyright to a work uses 3443 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 one of the rights without permission. Typically, it comprises a 3 RELATED ISSUES claim of illegal copying (pirating of the reproduction right) or The issue of fair use, especially posed by digital media and claims of a new work based upon the original (the adaptation the Internet, poses new differences in old problems. It is a right), but it can also involve a violation of the other rights as complex and constantly changing minefield of exposure to any well. Copyright infringement is a crime of piracy either on a online company. Fair use of news stories has engaged in physical or digital form that involves duplication of protected many legal battles over the years over what constitutes the materials. This may involve the process of sharing a file or fair use of copyrighted material and has once again emerged illegally downloading using peer to peer connections network as a hot issue. Newspaper publishers, with revenue [7]. The extended propagation of commercial use of the squandering due to competition on the Internet, in particular, internet has increased the rate of digital piracy in recent years. are concerned about the widespread use of their content Easley accessibility of the internet has enabled individuals to under the guise of fair use. The concern is that even small easily commit criminal activity due to the ability to connect excerpts of republished news articles may discourage readers anonymously. Moreover; the internet facilitates copyright from buying newspapers or online subscriptions to read the infringement because the nature of the internet allows the full article. In some cases, websites that Publishing snippets of action to take place away from the copyright holder, leaving news stories are best optimized for search engines, meaning the feeling that the act is legal. One of the most common not buying a newspaper and thus reducing revenue [9]. implications of digital piracy is the use of unlicensed software Software, on an individual level, people may share programs by individuals or organizations as it is free software. The with friends and family illegally. File and peer-to-peer sharing unlicensed software is often considered as malware software of files and programs through the networks may contribute to that disrupts computer or mobile operations, gathers sensitive allowing the use of the software and files without the information and gains access to private content. Figure2 permission of the author. Companies may also infringe the shows statics by [8] of the use of unlicensed software all copyrights of the software by making several copies of the around the world. Statics shows that the average ratio of software product rather than allowing it to be licensed. Also unlicensed software use in the Middle East and Africa is using crack circumvention on DRM features removes the (75%). expiry period of the limited time trial of the application. Crushing is essentially the same, and illegal under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act [5] . Hyperlinks, A feature of the World Wide Web it is a Hypertext Link, or Hyperlink that contains a reference refers to a Web page, this page may contain material