Europe Report, Nr. 162: Serbia's Sandzak

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Europe Report, Nr. 162: Serbia's Sandzak SRPSKI SANDŽAK: I DALJE ZABORAVLJEN Izveštaj za Evropu br.162 -- 8. april 2005 SADRŽAJ REZIME I PREPORUKE........................................................................................................ i I. UVOD............................................................................................................................... 1 II. DVA LICA SANDŽAKA: PAZAR I RAŠKA.............................................................. 2 A. U POTRAZI ZA SANDŽAKOM ..................................................................................................2 B. SANDŽAK U OSMANLIJSKO DOBA ..........................................................................................3 C. SREDNJEVEKOVNA RAŠKA ....................................................................................................4 D. SRPSKI SANDŽAK..................................................................................................................4 E. TITOIZAM..............................................................................................................................5 III. MILOŠEVIĆEVO DOBA.............................................................................................. 7 A. ŠTA SE KRIJE U NAZIVU?........................................................................................................7 B. SUKOBLJENI NACIONALIZAM.................................................................................................8 C. DRŽAVNA STRAHOVLADA ...................................................................................................10 D. POLITIKA APATIJE ...............................................................................................................12 E. EKONOMSKI PROCVAT I PROPAST ........................................................................................14 F. KRETANJE STANOVNIŠTVA..................................................................................................16 IV. SANDŽAK POSLE MILOŠEVIĆA ........................................................................... 17 A. POLITIČKA KARTA...............................................................................................................17 1. Dominacija SDA......................................................................................................18 2. Ugljaninov "istorijski Sandžak"...............................................................................19 3. Nezadovoljstvo Bošnjaka Ugljaninom ....................................................................20 4. Promena u 2004. godini...........................................................................................21 B. FAKTOR VERE .....................................................................................................................23 1. Islam: moderno naspram tradicionalnog..................................................................24 2. Srpska pravoslavna crkva ........................................................................................27 C. OBRAZOVANJE, JEZIK I KULTURA ........................................................................................29 1. Obrazovanje u Sandžaku .........................................................................................29 2. Paralelni univerziteti................................................................................................30 3. Veronauka u školama...............................................................................................31 4. Lingvistički aparthejd ..............................................................................................31 5. Građansko društvo ...................................................................................................32 D. ZEMLJA BEZ PRAVDE: POLICIJA I PRAVOSUĐE ......................................................................33 1. Rad policije posle 2000. godine...............................................................................34 2. Farsa u pravosuđu ....................................................................................................35 E. PRIVREDA KOJA SE NE POMERA SA MRTVE TAČKE ...............................................................36 F. IZVORI ETNIČKE NAPETOSTI ................................................................................................37 G. MEDIJI ................................................................................................................................40 H. USTAVNE I PRAVNE PREPREKE ............................................................................................43 V. ZAKLJUČAK ............................................................................................................... 45 DODACI A. MAPA SRBIJE ......................................................................................................................48 B. MAPA SANDŽAKA ...............................................................................................................49 C. O MEDJUNARODNOJ KRIZNOJ GRUPI....................................................................................50 D. IZVEŠTAJI I BRIFING DOKUMENTI KRIZNE GRUPE OD 2002...................................................51 E. UPRAVNI ODBOR KRIZNE GRUPE .........................................................................................52 Izveštaj za Evropu br. 162 8. april 2005. SRPSKI SANDŽAK: I DALJE ZABORAVLJEN REZIME I PREPORUKE Kad god balkanski političari diskutuju budući status bošnjačkim političkim partijama ne postoji želja da se Kosova, oni upozoravaju na mogući ″domino efekat˝. izazovu medjuetnički sukobi. Većina Bošnjaka nema Jedno od mesta koje se cesto pominje kao ranjivo u tom želju da traže nezavisnost od Srbije, niti da se pripoje kontkekstu, odnosno gde postoji potencijal za izbijanja Bosni i Hercegovini. nemira je srpski Sandžak, etnički mešoviti region sa Muslimanskom (slovenskog porekla) većinom. Sandžak Pod uslovom da srpska vlada u Beogradu bude mudra, se nalazi u "sendviču" izmedju Kosova, Crne Gore i dobro procenjuje situaciju kada se bavi problematikom Bosne. Ekonomija Sandžaka je nerazvijena i daleko ovog regiona i zauzda nacionalističke snage koje mogu siromašnija nego drugi delovi Srbije, delom zato što je da izazovu neprilike, potencijal za etničke sukobe u bio "močvara" Otomanske imperije sve do 1912. godine, Sandžaku je relativno nizak i nema razloga da se a delom namernim nemarom srpskih vlasti izmedju povećava, čak i u slučaju da Kosovo postane nezavisno. svetskih ratova i za vreme Miloševića. Beograd treba da Ali ipak, čini se da je sadašnja vlada gluva za probleme se suprotstavi praksi diskriminacije i pokaže i Srbima i ovog regiona i nastavlja kako otovorenu tako i suptilnu Bošnjacima da ima osećaj za njihove brige i probleme diskriminaciju većinskog bošnjačkog stanovništva. da bi se sačuvao postojeći mir. Ali, problemi Sandžaka su pretežno i problemi koji se javljaju u ostalim Postoji odredjeni broj faktora na obe strane koje delovima Srbije i zahtevaju rešenja na nivou republike. destabilizuju Sandžak kroz svoje delovanje. U njih spadaju ekstremni pojedinci unutar Srpske pravoslavne Pod Miloševićevim režimom zvanični državni teror crkve, islamskog pokreta Vehabija, policije, državne prema Bošnjacima sprovodjen je kroz etnička čišćenja bezbednosti (BIA) i vojne bezbednosti, nacionalistički čitavih sela, kidnapovanja, ubistva, hapšenja, prebijanja i elementi u Srpskoj radikalnoj stranci (SRS), Demokratskoj otpuštanja sa posla. Ovakva postupanja dovela su do stranci Srbije (DSS) i bošnjačkoj Stranci demokratske povećanja tenzija u Sandžaku, a post-Miloševićevske akcije (SDA). Svi oni imaju interes da se etničke tenzije vlade su se takvim nasledjem ili bavile površno, ili ga održavaju na visokom nivou. ingorisale. Zbog takve istorije skorašnjeg ponašanja srpskih vlasti, mnogi Bošnjaci se boje za svoju Srpska pravoslavna crkva krenula je u agresivnu kampanju egzistenciju, pa tako čak i manji problemi mogu da kojom treba da se podvuče-ojača srpsko prisustvo u dobiju etničku dimenziju. regionu. Istovremeno Bošnjaci pokušavaju da ojačaju osećaj sopstvenog nacionalnog identiteta: islam i Ipak, posle pada Miloševića više makar i nesigutnih i lingvistička pitanja igraju važnu ulogu u njihovom delimičnih koraka je preduzeto da se Muslimani nacionalnom budjenju. Bošnjačko nacionalno veće integrišu sa glavnim tokovima srpske političke scene i preduzima neke korake koji mogu da proizvedu etnički da se oni tretiraju kao ravnopravni gradjani. Napredak je aparthejd i udalje Srbe. Sa bošnjačke strane postoje spor - možda će biti potrebna da ode cela jedna malobrojni, ali potencijalno opasni radikalni vehabistički generacija dok Srbija ne promeni odnos ka svojim elementi, a ima indicija da pojedini Bošnjaci počinju da manjinama - ali je proces otpočeo. Dok Srbija uči kako se ponašaju diskriminatorno u odnosu na srpsku manjinu. da tretira svoje Muslimane bez diskriminacije, Bošnjaci sa svoje strane moraju da se potrude da zaštite prava Sandžak pati od značajnog ekononomskog pada i Srba tamo gde su u većini i gde imaju političku moć. hroničnog gubitka stanovništva. Takodje ima i probleme koji su endemski za celu Srbiju: organizovani kriminal, Atmosfera u Sandžaku je napeta, ali mirna. Nema korupcija, nefunkcionalne državne strukture, indikacija da postoje naoružane grupe ili paravojne nekompetentnost administracije. Neki od ovih problema formacije medju Bošnjacima, niti ima ekstremističkih bi se mogli rešiti kada bi Srbija preduzela korake da političkih
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