Limits of the Human Model in Understanding Artificial Intelligence
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Citizen Cyborg.” Citizen a Groundbreaking Work of Social Commentary, Citizen Cyborg Artificial Intelligence, Nanotechnology, and Genetic Engineering —DR
hughes (continued from front flap) $26.95 US ADVANCE PRAISE FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE NANOTECHNOLOGY GENETIC ENGINEERING MEDICAL ETHICS INVITRO FERTILIZATION STEM-CELL RESEARCH $37.95 CAN citizen LIFE EXTENSION GENETIC PATENTS HUMAN GENETIC ENGINEERING CLONING SEX SELECTION ASSISTED SUICIDE UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE human genetic engineering, sex selection, drugs, and assisted In the next fifty years, life spans will extend well beyond a century. suicide—and concludes with a concrete political agenda for pro- cyborg Our senses and cognition will be enhanced. We will have greater technology progressives, including expanding and deepening control over our emotions and memory. Our bodies and brains “A challenging and provocative look at the intersection of human self-modification and human rights, reforming genetic patent laws, and providing SOCIETIES MUST RESPOND TO THE REDESIGNED HUMAN OF FUTURE WHY DEMOCRATIC will be surrounded by and merged with computer power. The limits political governance. Everyone wondering how society will be able to handle the coming citizen everyone with healthcare and a basic guaranteed income. of the human body will be transcended, as technologies such as possibilities of A.I. and genomics should read Citizen Cyborg.” citizen A groundbreaking work of social commentary, Citizen Cyborg artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and genetic engineering —DR. GREGORY STOCK, author of Redesigning Humans illuminates the technologies that are pushing the boundaries of converge and accelerate. With them, we will redesign ourselves and humanness—and the debate that may determine the future of the our children into varieties of posthumanity. “A powerful indictment of the anti-rationalist attitudes that are dominating our national human race itself. -
TEDX – What's Happening with Artificial Intelligence
What’s Happening With Artificial Intelligence? Steve Omohundro, Ph.D. PossibilityResearch.com SteveOmohundro.com SelfAwareSystems.com http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2015/06/inceptionism-going-deeper-into-neural.html Multi-Billion Dollar Investments • 2013 Facebook – AI lab • 2013 Ebay – AI lab • 2013 Allen Institute for AI • 2014 IBM - $1 billion in Watson • 2014 Google - $500 million, DeepMind • 2014 Vicarious - $70 million • 2014 Microsoft – Project Adam, Cortana • 2014 Baidu – Silicon Valley • 2015 Fanuc – Machine Learning for Robotics • 2015 Toyota – $1 billion, Silicon Valley • 2016 OpenAI – $1 billion, Silicon Valley http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/disruptive_technologies McKinsey: AI and Robotics to 2025 $50 Trillion! US GDP is $18 Trillion http://cdn-media-1.lifehack.org/wp-content/files/2014/07/Cash.jpg 86 Billion Neurons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Human_brain_01.jpg http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776484/ The Connectome http://discovermagazine.com/~/media/Images/Issues/2013/Jan-Feb/connectome.jpg 1957 Rosenblatt’s “Perceptron” http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article040101.html http://bio3520.nicerweb.com/Locked/chap/ch03/3_11-neuron.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Perceptron.svg “The embryo of an electronic computer that [the Navy] expects will be able to walk, talk, see, write, reproduce itself and be conscious of its existence.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron 1986 Backpropagation http://www.ifp.illinois.edu/~yuhuang/samsung/ANN.png -
Artificial Intelligence: Distinguishing Between Types & Definitions
19 NEV. L.J. 1015, MARTINEZ 5/28/2019 10:48 AM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN TYPES & DEFINITIONS Rex Martinez* “We should make every effort to understand the new technology. We should take into account the possibility that developing technology may have im- portant societal implications that will become apparent only with time. We should not jump to the conclusion that new technology is fundamentally the same as some older thing with which we are familiar. And we should not hasti- ly dismiss the judgment of legislators, who may be in a better position than we are to assess the implications of new technology.”–Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1016 I. WHY THIS MATTERS ......................................................................... 1018 II. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? ............................................... 1023 A. The Development of Artificial Intelligence ............................... 1023 B. Computer Science Approaches to Artificial Intelligence .......... 1025 C. Autonomy .................................................................................. 1026 D. Strong AI & Weak AI ................................................................ 1027 III. CURRENT STATE OF AI DEFINITIONS ................................................ 1029 A. Black’s Law Dictionary ............................................................ 1029 B. Nevada ..................................................................................... -
Artificial Consciousness and the Consciousness-Attention Dissociation
Consciousness and Cognition 45 (2016) 210–225 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Consciousness and Cognition journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/concog Review article Artificial consciousness and the consciousness-attention dissociation ⇑ Harry Haroutioun Haladjian a, , Carlos Montemayor b a Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS (UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes, Centre Biomédical des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France b San Francisco State University, Philosophy Department, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA article info abstract Article history: Artificial Intelligence is at a turning point, with a substantial increase in projects aiming to Received 6 July 2016 implement sophisticated forms of human intelligence in machines. This research attempts Accepted 12 August 2016 to model specific forms of intelligence through brute-force search heuristics and also reproduce features of human perception and cognition, including emotions. Such goals have implications for artificial consciousness, with some arguing that it will be achievable Keywords: once we overcome short-term engineering challenges. We believe, however, that phenom- Artificial intelligence enal consciousness cannot be implemented in machines. This becomes clear when consid- Artificial consciousness ering emotions and examining the dissociation between consciousness and attention in Consciousness Visual attention humans. While we may be able to program ethical behavior based on rules and machine Phenomenology learning, we will never be able to reproduce emotions or empathy by programming such Emotions control systems—these will be merely simulations. Arguments in favor of this claim include Empathy considerations about evolution, the neuropsychological aspects of emotions, and the disso- ciation between attention and consciousness found in humans. -
THESIS ANXIETIES and ARTIFICIAL WOMEN: DISASSEMBLING the POP CULTURE GYNOID Submitted by Carly Fabian Department of Communicati
THESIS ANXIETIES AND ARTIFICIAL WOMEN: DISASSEMBLING THE POP CULTURE GYNOID Submitted by Carly Fabian Department of Communication Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2018 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Katie L. Gibson Kit Hughes Kristina Quynn Copyright by Carly Leilani Fabian 2018 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT ANXIETIES AND ARTIFICIAL WOMEN: DISASSEMBLING THE POP CULTURE GYNOID This thesis analyzes the cultural meanings of the feminine-presenting robot, or gynoid, in three popular sci-fi texts: The Stepford Wives (1975), Ex Machina (2013), and Westworld (2017). Centralizing a critical feminist rhetorical approach, this thesis outlines the symbolic meaning of gynoids as representing cultural anxieties about women and technology historically and in each case study. This thesis draws from rhetorical analyses of media, sci-fi studies, and previously articulated meanings of the gynoid in order to discern how each text interacts with the gendered and technological concerns it presents. The author assesses how the text equips—or fails to equip—the public audience with motives for addressing those concerns. Prior to analysis, each chapter synthesizes popular and scholarly criticisms of the film or series and interacts with their temporal contexts. Each chapter unearths a unique interaction with the meanings of gynoid: The Stepford Wives performs necrophilic fetishism to alleviate anxieties about the Women’s Liberation Movement; Ex Machina redirects technological anxieties towards the surveilling practices of tech industries, simultaneously punishing exploitive masculine fantasies; Westworld utilizes fantasies and anxieties cyclically in order to maximize its serial potential and appeal to impulses of its viewership, ultimately prescribing a rhetorical placebo. -
An Open Letter to the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
An Open Letter to the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons As companies building the technologies in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics that may be repurposed to develop autonomous weapons, we feel especially responsible in raising this alarm. We warmly welcome the decision of the UN’s Conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) to establish a Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems. Many of our researchers and engineers are eager to offer technical advice to your deliberations. We commend the appointment of Ambassador Amandeep Singh Gill of India as chair of the GGE. We entreat the High Contracting Parties participating in the GGE to work hard at finding means to prevent an arms race in these weapons, to protect civilians from their misuse, and to avoid the destabilizing effects of these technologies. We regret that the GGE’s first meeting, which was due to start today, has been cancelled due to a small number of states failing to pay their financial contributions to the UN. We urge the High Contracting Parties therefore to double their efforts at the first meeting of the GGE now planned for November. Lethal autonomous weapons threaten to become the third revolution in warfare. Once developed, they will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend. These can be weapons of terror, weapons that despots and terrorists use against innocent populations, and weapons hacked to behave in undesirable ways. We do not have long to act. Once this Pandora’s box is opened, it will be hard to close. -
Artificial Brain Project of Visual Motion
In this issue: • Editorial: Feeding the senses • Supervised learning in spiking neural networks V o l u m e 3 N u m b e r 2 M a r c h 2 0 0 7 • Dealing with unexpected words • Embedded vision system for real-time applications • Can spike-based speech Brain-inspired auditory recognition systems outperform conventional approaches? processor and the • Book review: Analog VLSI circuits for the perception Artificial Brain project of visual motion The Korean Brain Neuroinformatics Re- search Program has two goals: to under- stand information processing mechanisms in biological brains and to develop intel- ligent machines with human-like functions based on these mechanisms. We are now developing an integrated hardware and software platform for brain-like intelligent systems called the Artificial Brain. It has two microphones, two cameras, and one speaker, looks like a human head, and has the functions of vision, audition, inference, and behavior (see Figure 1). The sensory modules receive audio and video signals from the environment, and perform source localization, signal enhancement, feature extraction, and user recognition in the forward ‘path’. In the backward path, top-down attention is per- formed, greatly improving the recognition performance of real-world noisy speech and occluded patterns. The fusion of audio and visual signals for lip-reading is also influenced by this path. The inference module has a recurrent architecture with internal states to imple- ment human-like emotion and self-esteem. Also, we would like the Artificial Brain to eventually have the abilities to perform user modeling and active learning, as well as to be able to ask the right questions both to the right people and to other Artificial Brains. -
Between Ape and Artilect Createspace V2
Between Ape and Artilect Conversations with Pioneers of Artificial General Intelligence and Other Transformative Technologies Interviews Conducted and Edited by Ben Goertzel This work is offered under the following license terms: Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0) See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details Copyright © 2013 Ben Goertzel All rights reserved. ISBN: ISBN-13: “Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the Superman – a rope over an abyss.” -- Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra Table&of&Contents& Introduction ........................................................................................................ 7! Itamar Arel: AGI via Deep Learning ................................................................. 11! Pei Wang: What Do You Mean by “AI”? .......................................................... 23! Joscha Bach: Understanding the Mind ........................................................... 39! Hugo DeGaris: Will There be Cyborgs? .......................................................... 51! DeGaris Interviews Goertzel: Seeking the Sputnik of AGI .............................. 61! Linas Vepstas: AGI, Open Source and Our Economic Future ........................ 89! Joel Pitt: The Benefits of Open Source for AGI ............................................ 101! Randal Koene: Substrate-Independent Minds .............................................. 107! João Pedro de Magalhães: Ending Aging .................................................... -
ABS: Scanning Neural Networks for Back-Doors by Artificial Brain
ABS: Scanning Neural Networks for Back-doors by Artificial Brain Stimulation Yingqi Liu Wen-Chuan Lee Guanhong Tao [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Purdue University Purdue University Purdue University Shiqing Ma Yousra Aafer Xiangyu Zhang [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Rutgers University Purdue University Purdue University ABSTRACT Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 18 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/ This paper presents a technique to scan neural network based AI 3319535.3363216 models to determine if they are trojaned. Pre-trained AI models may contain back-doors that are injected through training or by 1 INTRODUCTION transforming inner neuron weights. These trojaned models operate Neural networks based artificial intelligence models are widely normally when regular inputs are provided, and mis-classify to a used in many applications, such as face recognition [47], object specific output label when the input is stamped with some special detection [49] and autonomous driving [14], demonstrating their pattern called trojan trigger. We develop a novel technique that advantages over traditional computing methodologies. More and analyzes inner neuron behaviors by determining how output acti- more people tend to believe that the applications of AI models vations change when we introduce different levels of stimulation to in all aspects of life is around the corner [7, 8]. With increasing a neuron. The neurons that substantially elevate the activation of a complexity and functionalities, training such models entails enor- particular output label regardless of the provided input is considered mous efforts in collecting training data and optimizing performance. -
Mirrorshade Women: Feminism and Cyberpunk
Mirrorshade Women: Feminism and Cyberpunk at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century Carlen Lavigne McGill University, Montréal Department of Art History and Communication Studies February 2008 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication Studies © Carlen Lavigne 2008 2 Abstract This study analyzes works of cyberpunk literature written between 1981 and 2005, and positions women’s cyberpunk as part of a larger cultural discussion of feminist issues. It traces the origins of the genre, reviews critical reactions, and subsequently outlines the ways in which women’s cyberpunk altered genre conventions in order to advance specifically feminist points of view. Novels are examined within their historical contexts; their content is compared to broader trends and controversies within contemporary feminism, and their themes are revealed to be visible reflections of feminist discourse at the end of the twentieth century. The study will ultimately make a case for the treatment of feminist cyberpunk as a unique vehicle for the examination of contemporary women’s issues, and for the analysis of feminist science fiction as a complex source of political ideas. Cette étude fait l’analyse d’ouvrages de littérature cyberpunk écrits entre 1981 et 2005, et situe la littérature féminine cyberpunk dans le contexte d’une discussion culturelle plus vaste des questions féministes. Elle établit les origines du genre, analyse les réactions culturelles et, par la suite, donne un aperçu des différentes manières dont la littérature féminine cyberpunk a transformé les usages du genre afin de promouvoir en particulier le point de vue féministe. -
Letters to the Editor
Articles Letters to the Editor Research Priorities for is a product of human intelligence; we puter scientists, innovators, entrepre - cannot predict what we might achieve neurs, statisti cians, journalists, engi - Robust and Beneficial when this intelligence is magnified by neers, authors, professors, teachers, stu - Artificial Intelligence: the tools AI may provide, but the eradi - dents, CEOs, economists, developers, An Open Letter cation of disease and poverty are not philosophers, artists, futurists, physi - unfathomable. Because of the great cists, filmmakers, health-care profes - rtificial intelligence (AI) research potential of AI, it is important to sionals, research analysts, and members Ahas explored a variety of problems research how to reap its benefits while of many other fields. The earliest signa - and approaches since its inception, but avoiding potential pitfalls. tories follow, reproduced in order and as for the last 20 years or so has been The progress in AI research makes it they signed. For the complete list, see focused on the problems surrounding timely to focus research not only on tinyurl.com/ailetter. - ed. the construction of intelligent agents making AI more capable, but also on Stuart Russell, Berkeley, Professor of Com - — systems that perceive and act in maximizing the societal benefit of AI. puter Science, director of the Center for some environment. In this context, Such considerations motivated the “intelligence” is related to statistical Intelligent Systems, and coauthor of the AAAI 2008–09 Presidential Panel on standard textbook Artificial Intelligence: a and economic notions of rationality — Long-Term AI Futures and other proj - Modern Approach colloquially, the ability to make good ects on AI impacts, and constitute a sig - Tom Dietterich, Oregon State, President of decisions, plans, or inferences. -
118 Reviews of Books Does, the Book Is a Pleasure. He Roots It in Feminist, Race, and Sf Scholarship, Just As He Grounds Butler
118 Reviews of Books does, the book is a pleasure. He roots it in feminist, race, and sf scholarship, just as he grounds Butler in black American women’s writing traditions and sf tropes. Moreover, he stays focused on his literary argument and doesn’t get lost in the weeds of debates about agency, humanism, and the problematic legacy of the Enlightenment. Ultimately, Of Bodies, Communities, and Voices is indispensable for any Butler scholar, primarily because of the ways he connects so many of her work’s central concerns without reducing its complexity or variety. It will function more as a source of research than pedagogy, except maybe in upper-level classes centered on Butler. I recommend it not only to scholars of Butler but sf in general, especially in terms of afrofuturism, posthumanism, or any of Bast’s focal points (agency, bodies, community, voice). Biopunk SF in Liquid Modernity. Lars Schmeink. Biopunk Dystopias: Genetic Engineering, Society and Science Fiction. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2016. 288 pp. ISBN 978-1-78-138376-6. £75 hc. Reviewed by D. Harlan Wilson Biopunk is among the more recent sf subgenres to emerge from the virtual citadel of 1980s cyberpunk. There have been others—most prominently steampunk, but also splatterpunk, nanopunk, dieselpunk, bugpunk, even elfpunk and monkpunk—but biopunk narratives are perhaps the first truly authentic descendant of the cyberpunks, featuring gritty dystopian settings, beat characters, corporate terrorism, techno-pathology, and body invasion. Instead of hacking computers, however, biopunks hack DNA and operate in worlds where the processes and products of genetic engineering are brought to bear by various forms of mad scientism.