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Population Genetic Structure and Geographical Variation in Neotricula
RESEARCH ARTICLE Population genetic structure and geographical variation in Neotricula aperta (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae), the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma mekongi (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) 1,2 1 1 Stephen W. AttwoodID *, Liang Liu , Guan-Nan Huo a1111111111 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, a1111111111 Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 2 Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 Abstract OPEN ACCESS Background Citation: Attwood SW, Liu L, Huo G-N (2019) Population genetic structure and geographical Neotricula aperta is the snail-intermediate host of the parasitic blood-fluke Schistosoma variation in Neotricula aperta (Gastropoda: mekongi which causes Mekong schistosomiasis in Cambodia and the Lao PDR. Despite Pomatiopsidae), the snail intermediate host of numerous phylogenetic studies only one DNA-sequence based population-genetic study of Schistosoma mekongi (Digenea: Schistosomatidae). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13(1): N. aperta had been published, and the origin, structure and persistence of N. aperta were e0007061. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. poorly understood. Consequently, a phylogenetic and population genetic study was per- pntd.0007061 formed, with addition of new data to pre-existing DNA-sequences for N. aperta from remote Editor: Alessandra Morassutti, PUCRS, BRAZIL and inaccessible habitats, including one new taxon from Laos and 505 bp of additional Received: October 18, 2018 DNA-sequence for all sampled taxa,. Accepted: December 6, 2018 Principal findings Published: January 28, 2019 Spatial Principal Component Analysis revealed the presence of significant spatial-genetic Copyright: © 2019 Attwood et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the clustering. -
Upper Eocene) of the Sultanate of Oman
Pala¨ontol Z (2016) 90:63–99 DOI 10.1007/s12542-015-0277-1 RESEARCH PAPER Terrestrial and lacustrine gastropods from the Priabonian (upper Eocene) of the Sultanate of Oman 1 1 2 3 Mathias Harzhauser • Thomas A. Neubauer • Dietrich Kadolsky • Martin Pickford • Hartmut Nordsieck4 Received: 17 January 2015 / Accepted: 15 September 2015 / Published online: 29 October 2015 Ó The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Terrestrial and aquatic gastropods from the sparse non-marine fossil record of the Eocene in the Tethys upper Eocene (Priabonian) Zalumah Formation in the region. The occurrence of the genera Lanistes, Pila, and Salalah region of the Sultanate of Oman are described. The Gulella along with some pomatiids, probably related to assemblages reflect the composition of the continental extant genera, suggests that the modern African–Arabian mollusc fauna of the Palaeogene of Arabia, which, at that continental faunas can be partly traced back to Eocene time, formed parts of the southeastern Tethys coast. Sev- times and reflect very old autochthonous developments. In eral similarities with European faunas are observed at the contrast, the diverse Vidaliellidae went extinct, and the family level, but are rarer at the genus level. These simi- morphologically comparable Neogene Achatinidae may larities point to an Eocene (Priabonian) rather than to a have occupied the equivalent niches in extant environ- Rupelian age, although the latter correlation cannot be ments. Carnevalea Harzhauser and Neubauer nov. gen., entirely excluded. At the species level, the Omani assem- Arabiella Kadolsky, Harzhauser and Neubauer nov. gen., blages lack any relations to coeval faunas. -
Copyrighted Material
319 Index a oral cavity 195 guanocytes 228, 231, 233 accessory sex glands 125, 316 parasites 210–11 heart 235 acidophils 209, 254 pharynx 195, 197 hemocytes 236 acinar glands 304 podocytes 203–4 hemolymph 234–5, 236 acontia 68 pseudohearts 206, 208 immune system 236 air sacs 305 reproductive system 186, 214–17 life expectancy 222 alimentary canal see digestive setae 191–2 Malpighian tubules 232, 233 system taxonomy 185 musculoskeletal system amoebocytes testis 214 226–9 Cnidaria 70, 77 typhlosole 203 nephrocytes 233 Porifera 28 antennae nervous system 237–8 ampullae 10 Decapoda 278 ocelli 240 Annelida 185–218 Insecta 301, 315 oral cavity 230 blood vessels 206–8 Myriapoda 264, 275 ovary 238 body wall 189–94 aphodus 38 pedipalps 222–3 calciferous glands 197–200 apodemes 285 pharynx 230 ciliated funnel 204–5 apophallation 87–8 reproductive system 238–40 circulatory system 205–8 apopylar cell 26 respiratory system 236–7 clitellum 192–4 apopyle 38 silk glands 226, 242–3 coelomocytes 208–10 aquiferous system 21–2, 33–8 stercoral sac 231 crop 200–1 Arachnida 221–43 sucking stomach 230 cuticle 189 biomedical applications 222 taxonomy 221 diet 186–7 body wall 226–9 testis 239–40 digestive system 194–203 book lungs 236–7 tracheal tube system 237 dissection 187–9 brain 237 traded species 222 epidermis 189–91 chelicera 222, 229 venom gland 241–2 esophagus 197–200 circulatory system 234–6 walking legs 223 excretory system 203–5 COPYRIGHTEDconnective tissue 228–9 MATERIALzoonosis 222 ganglia 211–13 coxal glands 232, 233–4 archaeocytes 28–9 giant nerve -
Biology and Description of Antisabia Juliae Sp. Nov., New Hipponicid Gastropod Commensal on Turbo Spp
SCI. MAR., 61 (Supl. 2): 5-14 SCIENTIA MARINA 1997 ECOLOGY OF MARINE MOLLUSCS. J.D. ROS and A. GUERRA (eds.) Biology and description of Antisabia juliae sp. nov., new Hipponicid gastropod commensal on Turbo spp. in Laing Island (Papua New Guinea)* MATHIEU POULICEK1, JEAN-CLAUDE BUSSERS1 and PIERRE VANDEWALLE2 1Animal Ecology Laboratory and 2Functional Morphology Laboratory, Zoological Institute, Liège University. 22, Quai Van Beneden, B-4020 Liège. Belgium. SUMMARY: The gastropod family Hipponicidae comprises widely distributed but poorly known sedentary species. On the beach-rock of the coral reefs of Laing Island (Papua New Guinea) live rich populations of several gastropod Turbo species of which many specimens have attached to their shell a hipponicid gastropod attributed to a new species, Antisabia juliae. This new species, described in this paper, appears to have adapted its mode of life on live turbinids in several ways result- ing in morphological changes (thin basal plate loosely adherent to the supporting shell, functional eyes, very long snout, functional radula, small osphradium) and ethological changes (foraging behaviour: it appears to feed on the epiphytic com- munity growing on the host, in the vicinity of the “host” shell). Except for these characteristics, the mode of life appears quite similar to that of other hipponicid species with few big females surrounded by several much smaller males. Development occurs within the egg mass inside the female shell and a few young snails escape at the crawling stage. Key words: Mollusca, Gastropoda, ecology, Hipponicidae, Papua New Guinea, Indopacific. RESUMEN: BIOLOGÍA Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE ANTISABIA JULIAE SP. NOV., UN NUEVO GASTERÓPODO HIPONÍCIDO COMENSAL DE TURBO SPP. -
Molluscs from the Miocene Pebas Formation of Peruvian and Colombian Amazonia
Molluscs from the Miocene Pebas Formation of Peruvian and Colombian Amazonia F.P. Wesselingh, with contributions by L.C. Anderson & D. Kadolsky Wesselingh, F.P. Molluscs from the Miocene Pebas Formation of Peruvian and Colombian Amazonia. Scripta Geologica, 133: 19-290, 363 fi gs., 1 table, Leiden, November 2006. Frank P. Wesselingh, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Nether- lands and Biology Department, University of Turku, Turku SF20014, Finland (wesselingh@naturalis. nnm.nl); Lauri C. Anderson, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A. ([email protected]); D. Kadolsky, 66, Heathhurst Road, Sanderstead, South Croydon, Surrey CR2 OBA, England ([email protected]). Key words – Mollusca, systematics, Pebas Formation, Miocene, western Amazonia. The mollusc fauna of the Miocene Pebas Formation of Peruvian and Colombian Amazonia contains at least 158 mollusc species, 73 of which are introduced as new; 13 are described in open nomenclature. Four genera are introduced (the cochliopid genera Feliconcha and Glabertryonia, and the corbulid genera Pachy- rotunda and Concentricavalva) and a nomen novum is introduced for one genus (Longosoma). A neotype is designated for Liosoma glabra Conrad, 1874a. The Pebas fauna is taxonomically dominated by two fami- lies, viz. the Cochliopidae (86 species; 54%) and Corbulidae (23 species; 15%). The fauna can be character- ised as aquatic (155 species; 98%), endemic (114 species; 72%) and extinct (only four species are extant). Many of the families represented by a few species in the Pebas fauna include important ecological groups, such as indicators of marine infl uence (e.g., Nassariidae, one species), terrestrial settings (e.g., Acavidae, one species) and stagnant to marginally agitated freshwaters (e.g., Planorbidae, four species). -
Evolution of Nervous Systems and Brains 2
Evolution of Nervous Systems and Brains 2 Gerhard Roth and Ursula Dicke The modern theory of biological evolution, as estab- drift”) is incomplete; they point to a number of other lished by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace and perhaps equally important mechanisms such as in the middle of the nineteenth century, is based on (i) neutral gene evolution without natural selection, three interrelated facts: (i) phylogeny – the common (ii) mass extinctions wiping out up to 90 % of existing history of organisms on earth stretching back over 3.5 species (such as the Cambrian, Devonian, Permian, and billion years, (ii) evolution in a narrow sense – Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinctions) and (iii) genetic modi fi cations of organisms during phylogeny and and epigenetic-developmental (“ evo - devo ”) self-canal- underlying mechanisms, and (iii) speciation – the ization of evolutionary processes [ 2 ] . It remains uncer- process by which new species arise during phylogeny. tain as to which of these possible processes principally Regarding the phylogeny, it is now commonly accepted drive the evolution of nervous systems and brains. that all organisms on Earth are derived from a com- mon ancestor or an ancestral gene pool, while contro- versies have remained since the time of Darwin and 2.1 Reconstruction of the Evolution Wallace about the major mechanisms underlying the of Nervous Systems and Brains observed modi fi cations during phylogeny (cf . [1 ] ). The prevalent view of neodarwinism (or better In most cases, the reconstruction of the evolution of “new” or “modern evolutionary synthesis”) is charac- nervous systems and brains cannot be based on fossil- terized by the assumption that evolutionary changes ized material, since their soft tissues decompose, but are caused by a combination of two major processes, has to make use of the distribution of neural traits in (i) heritable variation of individual genomes within a extant species. -
Biology and Conservation of the Unique and Diverse Halophilic Macroinvertebrates of Australian Salt Lakes
CSIRO PUBLISHING Marine and Freshwater Research Corrigendum https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21088_CO Biology and conservation of the unique and diverse halophilic macroinvertebrates of Australian salt lakes Angus D’Arcy Lawrie, Jennifer Chaplin and Adrian Pinder Marine and Freshwater Research. [Published online 2 July 2021]. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21088 The authors of the above-mentioned paper regret to inform readers that there were errors published in the systematics of one of the taxa in the manuscript. The list of groups in the Cladocera section (on p. F) was published as below: The bulk of Cladocera that occur in inland waters in Australia are restricted to fresh water, but three groups have representatives in salt lakes. These groups comprise: (1) six species of Daphniopsis (or Daphnia; see below); (2) two species of Daphnia (Daphnia salinifera Hebert and Daphnia neosalinifera Hebert) from the Daphnia carinata (King) subgenus; and (3) three species of chydorid: Moina baylyi Forro´, Moina mongolica Daday and Extremalona timmsi Sinev & Shiel. This text should have been as below (changes underlined): The bulk of Cladocera that occur in inland waters in Australia are restricted to fresh water, but four groups have representatives in salt lakes. These groups comprise: (1) six species of Daphniopsis (or Daphnia; see below); (2) two species of Daphnia (Daphnia salinifera Hebert and Daphnia neosalinifera Hebert) from the Daphnia carinata (King) subgenus; (3) two Moina species (Moina baylyi Forro´ and Moina mongolica Daday); and (4) one species of chydorid (Extremalona timmsi Sinev & Shiel). Furthermore, the title of the Chydorids section should have been titled Moinids and chydorids. -
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, A NEW SPECIES OF ONCHIDIOPSIS FROM BERING SEA. BY WILLIAM H. DALL. The 'genus Onchidiopsis Bergh (1853) was proposed for certain Arctic mollusks related to Velutina and possessing an internal nearly laminar shell. The minor characters of the few species known are in many respects different but their combinations are so intermixed that it is difficult to assign to the differences more than specific value. However the peculiarities of the present species are such that I venture to separate the genus into two sections, as follows : Genus ONCHIDIOPSIS Bergh, 1S53. Section ONCHIDIOPSIS, type 0. gronlandica Bergh. Adult animal with an impervious notseum. Section ATLANTOLIMAX, type 0. (A.) hannai Dall. Adult with a large dorsal foramen in the notseum. Onchidiopsis <Atlantolimax> hannai n. sp. Animal, after preservation in spirits, of a yellowish white color except on the sides of the foot and on the osphradium. The foot is muscular, broad, tapering and bluntly pointed behind, extending about one-third of its length behind the hinder margin of the no- tseum even when contracted; the front edge duplex, auriculate at the anterior lateral angles; proboscis entirely retractile within a transverse slit, below the short stout tentacles; eyes black, distinct, completely imbedded in and a little above the not perceptibly swollen bases of the tentacles, on their outer sides; verge situated behind the right tentacle, large, twisted, at first stout and subcylindrical, then deeply constricted; then compressed and expanded with a 1 conical papilla at the outer corner of the expansion much as in 0. corys Balch. -
Transcriptome Sequencing and Differential Gene Expression
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Transcriptome sequencing and diferential gene expression analysis of the schistosome- Received: 26 May 2017 Accepted: 7 November 2017 transmitting snail Oncomelania Published: xx xx xxxx hupensis inhabiting hilly and marshland regions Jin-Song Zhao1, An-Yun Wang2, Hua-Bin Zhao3 & Yan-Hong Chen3 The freshwater snail Oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of the blood fuke Schistosoma japonicum, which is the major cause of schistosomiasis. The snail inhabits two contrasting environments: the hilly and marshland regions. The hilly snails are smaller in size and have the typical smooth shell, whereas the marshland snails are larger and possess the ribbed shell. To reveal the diferences in gene expression between the hilly and marshland snails, a total of six snails, three per environment, were individually examined by RNA sequencing technology. All paired-end reads were assembled into contigs from which 34,760 unigenes were predicted. Based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, principal component analysis and neighbor-joining clustering revealed two distinct clusters of hilly and marshland snails. Analysis of expression changes between environments showed that upregulated genes relating to immunity and development were enriched in hilly snails, while those associated with reproduction were over-represented in marshland snails. Eight diferentially expressed genes between the two types of snails were validated by qRT-PCR. Our study identifed candidate genes that could be targets for future functional studies, and provided a link between expression profling and ecological adaptation of the snail that may have implications for schistosomiasis control. Te blood fuke Schistosoma japonicum (Platyhelminth: Trematoda) occurs in China and, to a lesser extent, in the Philippines and parts of Indonesia, and human infection by the blood fuke causes a major public health problem especially in lake and marshland regions1,2. -
Delaware's Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need
CHAPTER 1 DELAWARE’S WILDLIFE SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED CHAPTER 1: Delaware’s Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Regional Context ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Delaware’s Animal Biodiversity .................................................................................................................... 10 State of Knowledge of Delaware’s Species ................................................................................................... 10 Delaware’s Wildlife and SGCN - presented by Taxonomic Group .................................................................. 11 Delaware’s 2015 SGCN Status Rank Tier Definitions................................................................................. 12 TIER 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 TIER 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 TIER 3 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Mammals .................................................................................................................................................... -
A New Freshwater Snail (Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae) Endemic to Fuxian Lake (Yunnan, China) Identified, Based on Morphological and DNA Evidence
Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e57218 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e57218 Taxonomic Paper A new freshwater snail (Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae) endemic to Fuxian Lake (Yunnan, China) identified, based on morphological and DNA evidence Ling Shi‡‡, Yu Shu , Chen Qiang‡‡, Ping Xu , Ying Tian‡,§, Yaqing Chang ‡ ‡ Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China § Dalian Shell Museum, Dalian, China Corresponding author: Ying Tian ([email protected]), Yaqing Chang ([email protected]) Academic editor: Alexander M. Weigand Received: 04 Aug 2020 | Accepted: 23 Oct 2020 | Published: 03 Nov 2020 Citation: Shi L, Shu Y, Qiang C, Xu P, Tian Y, Chang Y (2020) A new freshwater snail (Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae) endemic to Fuxian Lake (Yunnan, China) identified, based on morphological and DNA evidence. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e57218. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e57218 ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C1FF9D49-158C-4D86-A3D4-8E8818CC2DD8 Abstract Background Lacunopsis Deshayes, 1876 is restricted to South Asia and shows a remarkable regional distribution. Fifteen species have been reported from the lower Mekong River area of Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. Two species, Lacunopsis auris Y.-Y. Liu, Y.-X. Wang & W.-Z. Zhang, 1980 and L. yunnanensis Y.-Y. Liu, Y.-X. Wang & W.-Z. Zhang, 1980 occur in the Yunnan Province of China. The most recent treatments of Lacunopsis date back to the 1970s and 1980s, therefore detailed information on anatomy and DNA analysis is lacking. © Shi L et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Land Snails and Slugs (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of Two National Parks Along the Potomac River Near Washington, District of Columbia
Banisteria, Number 43, pages 3-20 © 2014 Virginia Natural History Society Land Snails and Slugs (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of Two National Parks along the Potomac River near Washington, District of Columbia Brent W. Steury U.S. National Park Service 700 George Washington Memorial Parkway Turkey Run Park Headquarters McLean, Virginia 22101 Timothy A. Pearce Carnegie Museum of Natural History 4400 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-4080 ABSTRACT The land snails and slugs (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of two national parks along the Potomac River in Washington DC, Maryland, and Virginia were surveyed in 2010 and 2011. A total of 64 species was documented accounting for 60 new county or District records. Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth) and Zonitoides nitidus (Müller) are recorded for the first time from Virginia and Euconulus polygyratus (Pilsbry) is confirmed from the state. Previously unreported growth forms of Punctum smithi Morrison and Stenotrema barbatum (Clapp) are described. Key words: District of Columbia, Euconulus polygyratus, Gastropoda, land snails, Maryland, national park, Paralaoma servilis, Punctum smithi, Stenotrema barbatum, Virginia, Zonitoides nitidus. INTRODUCTION Although county-level distributions of native land gastropods have been published for the eastern United Land snails and slugs (Gastropoda: Caeno- States (Hubricht, 1985), and for the District of gastropoda and Pulmonata) represent a large portion of Columbia and Maryland (Grimm, 1971a), and Virginia the terrestrial invertebrate fauna with estimates ranging (Beetle, 1973), no published records exist specific to between 30,000 and 35,000 species worldwide (Solem, the areas inventoried during this study, which covered 1984), including at least 523 native taxa in the eastern select national park sites along the Potomac River in United States (Hubricht, 1985).