Qaasuitsup Kommunia

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Qaasuitsup Kommunia Qaasuitsup Kommunia - Overgang til en selvbærende økonomi November 2009 2 Qaasuitsup Kommunia - Overgang til en selvbærende økonomi Greenland Venture A/S November 2009 3 4 Forord Denne rapport sætter fokus på de udfordringer som Qaasuitsup Kom- munia står overfor i de kommende år. Hvordan vil kommunens rolle udvikle sig i den samlede tilpasning af det grønlandske samfund til selvstyre? Hvordan kan kommunen tage ud- fordring op med hensyn til at sikre landets fælles mål om at skabe en selvbærende økonomi? Og hvordan kan dette mål sikres, samtidigt med at den enkelte borgers velfærd forsvares og videreudvikles? Det er nogle af de spørgsmål, som denne rapport forsøger at være med til at besvare. Rapporten præsenterer et detaljeret vidensgrundlag på baggrund af re- gisterdata fra offentlige registre. Greenland Venture A/S ønsker at takke Grønlands Statistik for et godt samarbejde i forbindelse med tilvejebrin- gelse af datagrundlaget til analyserne i denne rapport. Greenland Venture A/S ønsker også at takke Qaasuitsup Kommunia for, at selskabet har fået tildelt denne udviklingsopgave. Vi ser frem til at fortsætte samarbejdet de kommende år. Jørgen Wæver Johansen Adm. direktør Greenland Venture A/S 5 Indhold FORORD ........................................................................................................................... 5 INDHOLD .......................................................................................................................... 6 FIGURLISTE ............................................................................................................................ 8 TABELLISTE ............................................................................................................................ 9 KORTLISTE ........................................................................................................................... 10 1 INDLEDNING ................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 PROBLEMFORMULERING ................................................................................................... 13 1.2 DEFINITION AF CENTRALE BEGREBER .................................................................................... 14 1.3 AFGRÆNSNING ............................................................................................................... 15 1.4 TIDLIGERE UNDERSØGELSER OG LITTERATUR .......................................................................... 15 1.5 DATASTRUKTUR .............................................................................................................. 15 1.6 RAPPORTENS STRUKTUR ................................................................................................... 16 2 EN SELVBÆRENDE ØKONOMI - HVAD SKAL DER TIL? ................................................... 19 2.1 INDLEDNING ................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 DET ØKONOMISKE UDGANGSPUNKT .................................................................................... 20 2.3 DET KOMMUNALE BUDGET ................................................................................................ 20 2.3.1 Realøkonomisk fordeling ..................................................................................... 21 2.3.2 Funktionel fordeling ............................................................................................ 22 2.4 KRAVENE FOR AT SKABE EN SELVBÆRENDE ØKONOMI .............................................................. 24 2.5 PRINCIPPER FOR OMLÆGNING AF SAMFUNDSØKONOMIEN ....................................................... 27 3 KRAV TIL GEOGRAFISK ORGANISERING OG DEMOGRAFI ............................................. 31 3.1 CENTER OG PERIFERI ........................................................................................................ 32 3.2 BEFOLKNINGENS STØRRELSE OG SAMMENSÆTNING ................................................................ 37 3.3 UDVIKLINGEN I BOSÆTNINGERNE ........................................................................................ 40 3.3.1 Udviklingen i de enkelte bosætninger ................................................................. 41 3.4 KØNS - OG ALDERSSPECIFIKKE FORHOLD ................................................................................ 47 6 3.5 GEOGRAFISK MOBILITET I BEFOLKNINGEN ............................................................................. 48 3.6 BESTANDEN AF HUSSTANDE ............................................................................................... 51 3.7 UDVIKLINGEN I FORSØRGERBYRDE ...................................................................................... 54 3.8 UDVIKLINGEN I ARBEJDSSTYRKEN ........................................................................................ 57 3.9 ARBEJDSSTYRKENS KVALIFIKATIONER ................................................................................... 63 4 BEHOV FOR VÆKST I LOKALE INDKOMSTER ................................................................. 67 4.1 HUSSTANDENES ØKONOMI ................................................................................................ 71 4.2 ÆKVIVALENSINDKOMST .................................................................................................... 72 4.3 INDKOMSTKILDER ............................................................................................................ 76 4.3.1 Indkomstkilder til en gennemsnitlig husstand i Qaasuitsup Kommunia ............. 77 4.3.2 Hvordan rammer overførselsindkomsterne geografisk? ..................................... 78 4.3.3 Hvordan rammer overførselsindkomsterne husstande og husstandstyper?....... 81 4.3.4 Sammenhæng mellem modtagelse af overførselsindkomst og husstandsindkomst ...................................................................................................... 84 5 BEHOV FOR UDVIKLINGEN AF ERHVERVSLIVET ............................................................ 87 5.1 UDVIKLINGEN I HOVEDBRANCHER ....................................................................................... 90 5.2 UDVIKLINGEN I VIRKSOMHEDSBESTANDEN ............................................................................ 94 5.2.1 Virksomhedsbestanden fordelt på brancher ....................................................... 96 5.3 VÆKST OG TILBAGEGANG I DE ENKELTE VIRKSOMHEDER ........................................................... 96 6 BEHOV FOR UDVIKLINGEN AF ARBEJDSMARKEDET ................................................... 103 6.1 ANTALLET AF ANSÆTTELSER ............................................................................................. 105 6.2 ANTALLET AF ANSATTE .................................................................................................... 108 6.3 LEDIGHED .................................................................................................................... 112 6.4 UDSTØDELSE FRA ARBEJDSMARKEDET ................................................................................ 116 7 BEHOV FOR TILPASNING AF DEN KOMMUNALE BESKÆFTIGELSE ............................... 121 7.1 KOMMUNALT ANSATTE I NORDREGIONEN .......................................................................... 122 7.2 DEN KOMMUNALE BESKÆFTIGELSE I DE OPRINDELIGE KOMMUNER .......................................... 124 7.3 DEN KOMMUNALE BESKÆFTIGELSE I BOSÆTNINGERNE .......................................................... 126 7.4 DE ANSATTE FORDELT PÅ OVERENSKOMSTGRUPPER .............................................................. 128 7.5 KØNS OG ALDERSFORDELINGEN AF DE KOMMUNALT BESKÆFTIGEDE ......................................... 130 7.6 ANSATTE FORDELT PÅ FUNKTIONSOMRÅDER ....................................................................... 131 8 SAMMENFATNING ..................................................................................................... 133 8.1 DE OVERORDNEDE PRINCIPPER FOR UDVIKLING .................................................................... 133 7 8.2 UDVIKLING AF EN SELVBÆRENDE ØKONOMI ........................................................................ 134 8.3 OMLÆGNING AF ØKONOMIEN .......................................................................................... 136 8.4 KRAV TIL GEOGRAFISK ORGANISERING OG DEMOGRAFI .......................................................... 139 8.5 BEHOV FOR VÆKST I LOKALE INDKOMSTER .......................................................................... 146 8.6 HUSSTANDENES ØKONOMI .............................................................................................. 147 8.7 BEHOV FOR UDVIKLINGEN AF ERHVERVSLIVET ...................................................................... 151 8.8 BEHOV FOR UDVIKLINGEN AF ARBEJDSMARKEDET ................................................................. 159 8.9 BEHOV FOR TILPASNING AF DEN KOMMUNALE BESKÆFTIGELSE ................................................ 164 9 ANVENDT LITTERATUR OG KILDER ............................................................................. 169 Figurliste FIGUR 1. BEFOLKNINGSUDVIKLINGEN I NORDREGIONEN , OPRINDELIGE KOMMUNER 1980-2009 ............. 39 FIGUR 2. UDVIKLING I BEFOLKNING I BOSÆTNINGSTYPE , 1980-2009 ................................................. 41 FIGUR 3. KLASSIFIKATION AF BOSÆTNINGER PÅ BASIS AF STATUS OG UDVIKLING I BEFOLKNINGSSTØRRELSE . 43 FIGUR 4. KLASSIFIKATION AF BOSÆTNINGER PÅ BASIS AF STATUS
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