Janazah Workshop Islamic Association of Mid-Cities Death
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The Song Elite's Obsession with Death, the Underworld, and Salvation
BIBLID 0254-4466(2002)20:1 pp. 399-440 漢學研究第 20 卷第 1 期（民國 91 年 6 月） Visualizing the Afterlife: The Song Elite’s Obsession with Death, the Underworld, and Salvation Hsien-huei Liao＊ Abstract This study explores the Song elite’s obsession with the afterlife and its impact on their daily lives. Through examining the ways they perceived the relations between the living and the dead, the fate of their own afterlives, and the functional roles of religious specialists, this study demonstrates that the prevailing ideas about death and the afterlife infiltrated the minds of many of the educated, deeply affecting their daily practices. While affected by contem- porary belief in the underworld and the power of the dead, the Song elite also played an important role in the formation and proliferation of those ideas through their piety and practices. Still, implicit divergences of perceptions and practices between the elite and the populace remained abiding features under- neath their universally shared beliefs. To explore the Song elite’s interactions with popular belief in the underworld, several questions are discussed, such as how and why the folk belief in the afterlife were accepted and incorporated into the elite’s own practices, and how their practices corresponded to, dif- fered from, or reinforced folk beliefs. An examination of the social, cultural, * Hsien-huei Liao is a research associate in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University, U.S.A. 399 400 漢學研究第20卷第1期 and political impact on their conceptualization of the afterlife within the broad historical context of the Song is key to understand their beliefs and practices concerning the underworld. -
The Fall of Satan in the Thought of St. Ephrem and John Milton
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 3.1, 3–27 © 2000 [2010] by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Gorgias Press THE FALL OF SATAN IN THE THOUGHT OF ST. EPHREM AND JOHN MILTON GARY A. ANDERSON HARVARD DIVINITY SCHOOL CAMBRIDGE, MA USA ABSTRACT In the Life of Adam and Eve, Satan “the first-born” refused to venerate Adam, the “latter-born.” Later writers had difficulty with the tale because it granted Adam honors that were proper to Christ (Philippians 2:10, “at the name of Jesus, every knee should bend.”) The tale of Satan’s fall was then altered to reflect this Christological sensibility. Milton created a story of Christ’s elevation prior to the creation of man. Ephrem, on the other hand, moved the story to Holy Saturday. In Hades, Death acknowledged Christ as the true first- born whereas Satan rejected any such acclamation. [1] For some time I have pondered the problem of Satan’s fall in early Jewish and Christian sources. My point of origin has been the justly famous account found in the Life of Adam and Eve (hereafter: Life).1 1 See G. Anderson, “The Exaltation of Adam and the Fall of Satan,” Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 6 (1997): 105–34. 3 4 Gary A. Anderson I say justly famous because the Life itself existed in six versions- Greek, Latin, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic, and Coptic (now extant only in fragments)-yet the tradition that the Life drew on is present in numerous other documents from Late Antiquity.2 And one should mention its surprising prominence in Islam-the story was told and retold some seven times in the Koran and was subsequently subject to further elaboration among Muslim exegetes and storytellers.3 My purpose in this essay is to carry forward work I have already done on this text to the figures of St. -
Death and the Afterlife in Homer
Death and the Afterlife in Homer Death and what happens after death are universal concerns for humanity; around the world different cultures and religions contemplate our existence, and try to make sense of both our place in the world and our deaths. Although we no longer (for the most part) follow the religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks and Romans, their exploration of mortality and the afterlife can nonetheless be emotionally powerful and meaningful for us. In what follows, we will consider the presentation of death and the afterlife in some of the earliest Greek literature, Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. The most common name for the underworld was Hades, a personified god and brother of Zeus, but also a place to which the souls of departed mortals go. Hades is in fact far more commonly mentioned as the underworld than as a personified god in Greek literature, although we do see him as an actual character in some myths, most famously in the story of the abduction of Persesphone by Hades, a tale told in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. In post-classical times, the term Hades was adopted by Christian authors, including the early Church Fathers, Dante and Milton, to refer to the Christian concept of Hell. The term used is the same, but it is important to distinguish between the Christian conception of Hell and Hades. For Christians, Hell is a place to which the souls of the wicked descend after death, whereas the souls of the good are taken to Heaven to be with God. The ancient Greek concept is extremely different. -
Nabulsi Encyclopedia of Islamic Science
Friday Sermon (0201): He Who Recites The Noble Quran will Never be Sad. s2. White Blood Cells. In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, Most Merciful Some Prophetic Ahadeeth about the Noble Quran: Dear believing brothers, there is a group of Prophetic Ahadeeth about the Noble Quran. "He who recites the Noble Quran will never be sad": The Prophet PBUH said: (He who recites the Noble Quran will never be sad.) The Prophet PBUH assured us that the one who recites the Quran will never be sad, because he knows that there is no deity worthy of worship but Allah Alone. 1 He Who Recites The Noble Quran will Never be Sad. s2. White Blood Cells. Indeed, the slaves (of Allah) have never learnt anything better than Tawheed, and when man believes in Allah, he will never be sad. So invoke not with Allah another ilah (god) lest you be among those who receive ﴾ ﴿.punishment [Ash-Shu'ara', 213] (Offer your deeds seeking the Countenance of Allah, so that Allah will help you accomplish your missions (in this life and in the Hereafter).) [Ibn Adi and Ad-Dulaimi, on the authority of Anas] (Whoever focuses all his concerns on one issue, namely the Hereafter, Allah will suffice him and spare him the worries of this world.) [Ibn Majah, on the authority Abdullah Ibn Mas'ood] (He who recites the Noble Quran will never be sad.) This is because he worships only Allah, Al-Wahid (The One) and Ad-Dayyan (The Judge). (He who recites the Noble Quran will never be sad.) This is because he believes beyond doubt that the gates of repentance are wide open. -
Muslim American's Understanding of Women's
California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations Office of aduateGr Studies 6-2018 MUSLIM AMERICAN’S UNDERSTANDING OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ACCORDANCE TO THE ISLAMIC TRADITIONS Riba Khaleda Eshanzada Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd Part of the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Eshanzada, Riba Khaleda, "MUSLIM AMERICAN’S UNDERSTANDING OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ACCORDANCE TO THE ISLAMIC TRADITIONS" (2018). Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations. 637. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/637 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Office of aduateGr Studies at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MUSLIM AMERICAN’S UNDERSTANDING OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ACCORDANCE TO THE ISLAMIC TRADITIONS A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master in Social Work by Riba Khaleda Eshanzada June 2018 MUSLIM AMERICAN’S UNDERSTANDING OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ACCORDANCE TO THE ISLAMIC TRADITIONS A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Riba Khaleda Eshanzada June 2018 Approved by: Dr. Erica Lizano, Research Project Supervisor Dr. Janet Chang, M.S.W. Research Coordinator © 2018 Riba Khaleda Eshanzada ABSTRACT Islam is the most misrepresented, misunderstood, and the subject for much controversy in the United States of America especially with the women’s rights issue. This study presents interviews with Muslim Americans on their narrative and perspective of their understanding of women’s rights in accordance to the Islamic traditions. -
Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Imani Jaafar-Mohammad
Journal of Law and Practice Volume 4 Article 3 2011 Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Imani Jaafar-Mohammad Charlie Lehmann Follow this and additional works at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice Part of the Family Law Commons Recommended Citation Jaafar-Mohammad, Imani and Lehmann, Charlie (2011) "Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce," Journal of Law and Practice: Vol. 4, Article 3. Available at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice/vol4/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at Mitchell Hamline Open Access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Law and Practice by an authorized administrator of Mitchell Hamline Open Access. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Mitchell Hamline School of Law Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Keywords Muslim women--Legal status laws etc., Women's rights--Religious aspects--Islam, Marriage (Islamic law) This article is available in Journal of Law and Practice: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice/vol4/iss1/3 Jaafar-Mohammad and Lehmann: Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ISLAM REGARDING MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 4 Wm. Mitchell J. L. & P. 3* By: Imani Jaafar-Mohammad, Esq. and Charlie Lehmann+ I. INTRODUCTION There are many misconceptions surrounding women’s rights in Islam. The purpose of this article is to shed some light on the basic rights of women in Islam in the context of marriage and divorce. This article is only to be viewed as a basic outline of women’s rights in Islam regarding marriage and divorce. -
The Chaplet of St. Michael
The Chaplet of St. Michael O God, come to my assistance. O Lord, make haste to help me. Glory be to the Father, etc. 1. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Seraphim may the Lord make us worthy to burn with the fire of perfect charity. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 2. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Cherubim may the Lord grant us the grace to leave the ways of sin and run in the paths of Christian perfection. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 3. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Thrones may the Lord infuse into our hearts a true and sincere spirit of humility. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 4. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Dominations may the Lord give us grace to govern our senses and overcome any unruly passions. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 5. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Virtues may the Lord preserve us from evil and falling into temptation. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 6. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Powers may the Lord protect our souls against the snares and temptations of the devil. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 7. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Principalities may God fill our souls with a true spirit of obedience. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 8. -
Life After Death and the Devastation of the Grave
In Michael Martin and Keith Augustine, eds., The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case Against Life After Death, Rowman & Littlefield 2015. Life After Death and the Devastation of the Grave Eric T. Olson 1. Life After Death One of the fundamental questions of human existence is whether there is life after death. If we had an oracle willing to answer just one philosophical question by saying “Yes” or “No,” this is the one that many of us would ask. Not being an oracle, I am unable to tell you whether there is an afterlife. But I can say something about whether there could be. Is it even possible? Or is the hope that we have life after death as vain as the hope that we might find the largest prime number? One way to think about whether there could be life after death is to ask what would have to be the case for us to have it. If it were possible, how might it be accomplished? Suppose you wanted to know whether it was possible for a hu- man being to visit another galaxy and return to earth. To answer this question, you would need to know what such a journey would involve. What sort of spaceship or other means of transport would it require? How fast would it have to go, and how long would the journey take? Only once you knew such things would you be able to work out whether it could possibly be done. In the same way, we need to know what our having life after death would require in order to see whether it is possible. -
Resurrection Or Miraculous Cures? the Elijah and Elisha Narrative Against Its Ancient Near Eastern Background
Bar, “Resurrection or Miraculous Cures?” OTE 24/1 (2011): 9-18 9 Resurrection or Miraculous Cures? The Elijah and Elisha Narrative Against its Ancient Near Eastern Background SHAUL BAR (UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS) ABSTRACT The Elijah and Elisha cycles have similar stories where the prophet brings a dead child back to life. In addition, in the Elisha story, a corpse is thrown into the prophet’s grave; when it comes into con- tact with one of his bones, the man returns to life. Thus the question is do these stories allude to resurrection, or “only” miraculous cures? What was the purpose of the inclusion of these stories and what message did they convey? In this paper we will show that these are legends that were intended to lend greater credence to prophetic activity and to indicate the Lord’s power over death. A INTRODUCTION There is consensus among scholars that Dan 12:2-3, which they assign to the 1 second century B.C.E., refers to the resurrection of the dead. The question be- comes whether biblical texts earlier than this era allude to this doctrine. The phrase “resurrection of the dead” never appears in the Bible. Scholars searching for biblical allusions to resurrection have cited various idioms.2 They list verbs including “arise,”3 “wake up,”4 and “live,”5 all of which can denote a return to life. We also find “take,”6 which refers to being taken to Heaven, the noun “life,”7 and “see.”8 In the present paper however, we shall examine the stories of the Elijah and Elisha cycles which include similar tales in which the prophet brings a dead child back to life: in Elijah’s case, the son of the widow of Zare- phath (1 Kgs 17:17-24); in Elisha’s, the son of the Shunammite matron (2 Kgs 4:31-37). -
"Death Is Swallowed up in Victory" (1 Corinthians 15:54): Canaanite Mot in Prophecy and Apocalypse
"DEATH IS SWALLOWED UP IN VICTORY" (1 CORINTHIANS 15:54): CANAANITE MOT IN PROPHECY AND APOCALYPSE BY ].F. HEALEY Manchester Since R. Bultmann introduced the term 'demythologization' into the discourse of biblical scholarship to refer to the theologicallkerygma tic project of stripping the New Testament of the cultural baggage of a mythopoeic world-view, it has come to be used also in the study of the way that biblical texts sometimes adopt 'mythic' themes while stripping them of the polytheistic implications of the pagan source from which they were borrowed. This approach to 'mythic' themes is, in my view, too simplistic and it implies far too radical a distinc tion between the pagan culture of the biblical world (polytheistic, myth-ridden, dominated by often immoral ritual, magic and demons) and the uniform monotheistic culture of ancient Israel and the New Testament (only one divine power, free of myth, sanitised and spir itualized ritual). The acceptance of this simplistic contrast is a conse quence of the uncritical acceptance of the official version of ancient Israelite religion presented in the Hebrew canon and of the ortho dox church understanding of the New Testament texts. In fact the (non-biblical) archaeological and epigraphic evidence suggests that the religious reality was not so simple. Temple orthodoxy may have frowned, but the average Israelite entertained a variety of gods and magical practices. In the early church, until orthodoxy asserted itself, the newly converted pagans continued, perhaps less enthusiastically, their devotion to other deities and certainly to magical practices derived from paganism. It is thus arguable that we should speak of'transmythologization', a term used by D.E. -
DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS in ACCORDANCE to CLASSICAL ISLAMIC LAW THROUGHOUT the MUSLIM-MAJORITY WORLD Introduction
Junayd Rehman TWIN HALVES OF MEN1: AN EXAMINATION OF THE MODERN APPLICATION OF KHULA DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS IN ACCORDANCE TO CLASSICAL ISLAMIC LAW THROUGHOUT THE MUSLIM-MAJORITY WORLD Introduction Simply put, marriage in Islamic Law is a contract.2 Unlike Western notions, be they influenced by various Christian Churches to think of the act of marriage as a holy sacrament, or by the post- Enlightenment secular state—still largely affected by the influence of the Church’s thinking of marriage as a sacrament—marriage in Islam is a contract between two parties, undertaken so they may fulfil their human inclinations and desires, of both procreation and intimacy, within the permissible boundaries of God’s law.3 The first part of this paper will give a brief overview of the concepts of marriage according to Islamic Classical law, and the history and reasonings surrounding its exercise. The second part of this paper will then delve into much of the same except revolving around divorce in multifaceted approaches in Islamic law, one of which is the khula, or the woman’s right to divorce her husband by forfeiting her mahr, which is typically a payment of money or other material possessions—ranging from anything to gold, a house, a vehicle, a parcel of land, furniture, etc.,— paid for by the groom to the bride at the time of their marriage, and is stipulated in the signed marriage contract between the bride and groom.4 The principal of khula will then be more thoroughly examined as an option of divorce in Islamic law, along with its benefits and drawbacks, -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Al-Ghazālī and Rasā'il
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Al-Ghazālī and Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’: Their Influence on His Thought A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Islamic Studies by Abdullah Ozkan 2016 © Copyright by Abdullah Ozkan 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Al-Ghazālī and Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’: Their Influence on His Thought by Abdullah Ozkan Doctor of Philosophy in Islamic Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Khaled M. Abou El Fadl, Chair In his Munqidh, al-Ghazālī states that there were four classes of seekers of truth at his time: the theologians, the followers of the doctrine of Ta‘līm, the philosophers, and the Sufis. He depicts himself here as a Sufi who denounces the others, especially philosophy. This image of al-Ghazālī became the major perception of him from the beginning. But this perception changed completely in the twentieth century. The most recent scholarship challenges this image and views him as a kind of scholar who was heavily influenced by philosophy and disseminated its teachings in disguise. However, the concentration is given mostly to the philosophy of Ibn Sīnāwhile searching the source of this influence. While not denying the influence of Ibn Sīnā, this study argues that Rasā’il Ikhwān Ṣafā’ must be taken ii seriously as a major source of philosophical influence on al-Ghazālī’s thought despite the negative remarks he makes about them. It tries to prove its argument first by situating al- Ghazālī’s negative remarks in the political and social conditions of his time and second by comparing his works, especially his Mishkāt al-Anwār, with Rasā’il.