14Th Regiment in NZ
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
14th REGIMENT OF FOOT (BUCKINGHAMSHIRE) 2nd BATTALION IN NEW ZEALAND 1860 - 1870 Private 1864 GERALD J. ELLOTT MNZM RDP FRPSL FRPSNZ AUGUST 2017 14th Regiment Buckinghamshire 2nd Battalion Sir Edward Hales formed the 14th Regiment in 1685, from a company of one hundred musketeers and pikemen recruited at Canterbury and in the neighbourhood. On the 1st January 1686, the establishment consisted of ten Companies, three Officers, two Sergeants, two corporals, one Drummer and 50 soldiers plus staff. In 1751 the Regiment officially became known as the 14th Foot instead of by the Colonel’s name. The Regiment was engaged in action both at home and abroad. In 1804 a second battalion was formed at Bedford, by Lieut-Colonel William Bligh, and was disbanded in 1817 after service in the Ionian Islands. In 1813 a third battalion was formed by Lieut-Colonel James Stewart from volunteers from the Militia, but this battalion was disbanded in 1816. The Regiment was sent to the Crimea in 1855, and Brevet Lieut-Colonel Sir James Alexander joined them after resigning his Staff appointment in Canada. In January 1858, the Regiment was reformed into two Battalions, and Lieut- Colonel Bell, VC., was appointed Lieut-Colonel of the Regiment. On 1 April 1858, the establishment of the 2nd Battalion was increased to 12 Companies, and the rank and file from 708 to 956. On the 23 April 1858, Lieut-Colonel Sir James Alexander assumed command of the 2nd. Battalion. Lieut-Colonel Bell returned to the 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers. The 2nd. Battalion at this time numbered only 395 NCO’s and men, but by April 1859 it was up to full establishment, recruits being obtained mainly from the Liverpool district. 2 NEW ZEALAND BOUND On 8 September 1860, Headquarters and five Companies of the 2nd Battalion under the command of Colonel Sir James E. Alexander proceeded by rail from Curragh to Cork and embarked on the Robert Lowe for New Zealand, arriving at Auckland on 29 November 1860. Southern Cross Newspaper 30 November 1860 3 Sir James E. Alexander 4 A second division under Major Dwyer embarked in the Boanerges at Cork on 10 September arriving in New Zealand on 24 December 1860. by Sir Edward Hales. A third division under Captain Vivian consisting of a single Company embarked in the Sevilla arriving in Auckland on 26 February 1861. Southern Cross Newspaper 1 March 1861 Auckland Headquarters of the 14th stayed at the Barracks in Auckland, and Major Dwyer with eight Officers and 296 men went to Wellington. Captain Barnes went to Napier with five Officers and 212 men. Taranaki On 4 January 1861, Major Douglas, in command of two Companies consisting of seven Officers and 200 men, proceeded to Taranaki. 5 Taranaki The Officers of the 14th on active duty in the Taranaki campaign were Major Douglas, Captains McIver, Saunders and Strange, Lieutenants Hill, Phelps and Frizell, and Ensigns Lawrence and Curtis. Captain A. Strange Lieutenant J. B. Frizell The First Taranaki War The first shots were fired on 17 March 1860. The Maori stockade Fort was attacked by men of the 65th Regiment and a few seamen from HMS Niger. Other more fierce fighting pursued including the Battle of Waireka, carried out my men of the 40th & 65th Regiments, Royal Artillery, Volunteers and Militia, together with a Naval Brigade from both HMS Niger and HMS Iris. 6 Taranaki On the 14 January Major-General Pratt with a Force of between six hundred and seven hundred men of the 12th, 14th, 40th, & 65th Regiments, together with the Naval Brigade, marched from Waitara towards Huirangi, and came under heavy fire from the Maoris, who had manned their rifle- pits and trenches between Kairau and Huirangi. The 14th Regiment took an active part in all the engagements until the ceasefire on 19 March 1861. 23 January No. 3 Redoubt, Huirangi 10 February No. 7 Redoubt, Huirangi 3 March Brooklands (New Plymouth) 5 March Pratt’s Long Sap at Te Arei 17 March Pratt’s long Sap at Te Arei British Losses during this first Taranaki Campaign Date Location Killed Wounded 17 March 1860 Waitara 2 2 28 March Waireka 2 12 27 June Puke-ta-kauere 30 34 7 September Huirangi 1 2 12 October Kaihihi River 6 November Mahoetahi 4 17 30 December Mata-rikoriko 3 20 23 January 1861 No. 3 Redoubt 5 11 10 February No. 7 Redoubt 2 28 3 March Brooklands (NP) 1 1 5 March Sap at Te Arei 1 4 17 March Sap at Te Arei 1 I have not found details of the losses sustained by the 14th Regiment. Otahuhu On the 18 May 1861, Headquarters left Auckland for Otahuhu where they were joined by the Companies which had been engaged at Taranaki. In December 1861, the Regiment was transferred to Pokeno. Colonel Sir James Alexander was in command of the construction of the military road between Drury and Pokeno. See the Road to War by Maurice Lennard 1985 Whakatane Historical Society. 7 Colonel Sir James Alexander Auckland 12 August 1861 Letter from Sir James Alexander 8 No. 3 Colour Sergeant John Doig Auckland 6 May 1861 Soldiers 1d Concession Rate Letter Countersigned by Sir James Alexander 9 Colonel Sir James Alexander Camp Pokeno & Drury FREE FRANKED “O.H.M.S.” Entire Letter From Sir James Alexander 10 In January 1862, the establishment of the 2nd Battalion was reduced from 1400 Rank and File to 950. On 18 June 1862, Headquarters from Pokeno and the men of the 14th Regiment, who had been working on the military road, which was now completed, moved to winter quarters at Otahuhu, leaving a detachment of 140 men under Captain McIver at Pokeno. On 5 August 1862, Colonel Sir James Alexander resigned the command of the 2nd Battalion and was succeeded by Lieut-Colonel C. W. Austen. (The Historical Records incorrectly state that he resigned in August 1861) On 26 November 1862, Headquarters marched from the camp at Otahuhu to Shepherds Bush where the battalion was employed repairing the military road between Drury and Pokeno, until 12 February 1863, then returning to camp at Otahuhu. On 8 May 1863, the Regiment marched from Otahuhu to Drury in preparation for the move into the Waikato, and on 10 July marched to Queen’s Redoubt where No. 9 Company, consisting of three Officers and 146 Men, joined Headquarters. Artist’s impression of the Redoubt Queen’s Redoubt Post Office opened 22 August 1863 11 Earliest recorded Queen’s Redoubt Soldiers Letter 30 January 1864 (No. 1712 Private Thomas Jones 14th Regiment) 12 Koheroa On 12 July 1863, the Headquarters of the 14th Regiment with a detachment of the 12th, all told 380 men under the command of Lieut- General Cameron, left the Queen’s Redoubt and crossed the “borderline” of the Mangatawhiri and encamped at Koheroa where a redoubt was under construction. Battle of Koheroe On 17 July 1863, Lieut-Colonel C. W. Austen of the 14th Regiment in command of the Koheroe camp, attacked the Maori forces, which were building up in numbers around the camp and firing on the incoming reinforcements of the 12th and 70th Regiments. Lieut-Colonel C. W. Austen was wounded in the action, and three privates were killed, and eight privates wounded, all from the 14th Regiment. Officers mentioned in despatches were Lieut-Colonel Austen, Captain Strange, Captain Phelps, Lieutenants Glancy and Armstrong, all of them from the 14th Regiment. Major Ryan of the 70th and Brevet Major Miller of the 12th Regiment, who were commanding the reinforcements were also mentioned. Captain Strange Lieutenant Glancy 13 Battle of Rangiriri On 20 November 1863, nine Officers, eight sergeants, three drummers and 164 men of the 14th marched from Mere Mere with General Cameron to Rangiriri where they took part in the ensuing battle. Lieut-Colonel Austen, commanding the 14th was killed. Wound of the thigh, ball lodged, dying later from wounds Captain J. S. Phelps, 33 years, 9 years, service was killed. Penetrating wound of the abdomen, very severe, dying later from wounds. Five men of the 14th Regiment were killed. 217 Private Thomas Bellow – Gunshot wound through the head – killed 848 Private Richard Nolan - Gunshot wound through the head – killed 934 Private Robert McCrory - Gunshot wound through the head – killed 1040 Lance Corpl. Charles Burrell - ditto killed 1714 Private Henry Russell - Gunshot wound through the heart – killed Seven men were wounded Captain Strange in his Despatch stated that One Corporal and eight men were wounded, however only the corporal and six men were listed in the New Zealand Gazette, 30.11.1863 1549 Lance-Sergeant Henry Mansbridge 26, 4 years, service Slight scalp wound Slight Privates 697 John Hannigan 24, 5 years, service –Gunshot wound Shoulder Very Severe 693 James Carrole 28, 5 years, service – Flesh wound right thigh Severe 823 Charles Lewis 24, 5 years, service - Flesh wound right leg Severe 1149 Peter Murray 26, 5 years, service Flesh wound left nates Severe 900 John Shenton 30, 5 years, service Shot through back of neck Slight 621 Edward Swain 23, 5 years, service Not known slight wound 14 No. 1576 P. James Chilcott No. 8 Compy. 14th Regiment. Auckland 30 November 1863, Soldiers 1d Concession Rate Letter To obtain the Concession Rate, the cover had to be signed by the Officer in Command at the time. In this instance, the cover had already been endorsed ready for signing by the Lieut-Colonel Commanding 2/14 Regt “Lieut-Colonel Austen”. However, Austen had been killed at the Battle of Rangiriri on 20 November 1863. The pre-endorsement has been crossed out, and the cover finally signed by Ensign C.