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(Except for Private Personal Use). We Appreciate Your Respectful Cooperation Please HONOR the copyright of these documents by not retransmitting or making any additional copies in any form (Except for private personal use). We appreciate your respectful cooperation. ___________________________ Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) P.O. Box 30183 Portland, Oregon 97294 USA Website: www.tren.com E-mail: [email protected] Phone# 1-800-334-8736 ___________________________ ATTENTION CATALOGING LIBRARIANS TREN ID# Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) MARC Record # Digital Object Identification DOI # SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PENTECOSTAL AND NON-PENTECOSTAL LEADERS IN UNDERSTANDING THE ANOINTING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT by Astrid Aiyadurai B.Th., Assemblies of God Bible College, 1995 M.Div., Torch Trinity Graduate School ofTheology, 2001 A MAJOR PROJECT Submitted to the faculty in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MINISTRY at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School Deerfield, Illinois December 2009 Accepted: C}.--{~ Project Mentor ~;3:,~ ~cond Reader Program Director 111 ABSTRACT This major project researched the similarities and the differences between Pentecostal and non-Pentecostal leaders in understanding the anointing ofthe Holy Spirit. The literature search examined the biblical, theological, and the historical foundations. The field research was conducted using a basic questionnaire with twenty questions to conduct open-ended, guided interviews. The sample consisted ofkey Pentecostal leaders from the Assemblies ofGod and key non-Pentecostal evangelical leaders, serving in strategic positions, with ministry experience ofover twenty-five years. The literature search revealed that theologians and practitioners in church history, who over emphasized either the Word or the Spirit, fell into error, portrayed a lack ofbalance and caused division in the church. The field research revealed that despite the differences in theologies and labels, the work ofthe Spirit was pretty similar. By distinguishing too sharply between the Word and the Spirit, the church has lost an important biblical perspective and fractured the Body of Christ. Building bridges across denominational boundaries will help to unite and strengthen the Church, which must be grounded in the Word and empowered by the Spirit. IV This major project is dedicated to God my Father who loves me, Jesus Christ my Savior, who died for me, and the Holy Spirit, my Companion, who empowers me TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................... .. Vlll Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT Relationship to the Ministry ofthe Writer 9 Goals and Objectives 10 Limitations ..... 10 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12 Biblical and Theological Foundations. 12 Anointing in the Old Testament . 13 Anointing in the New Testament . 21 Historical Foundations. .... 34 3. THE PROJECT NARRATIVE/METHODOLOGY 62 Overview . 62 Instrument for Research 64 Pilot Studies. .... 64 Background to Field Research. 64 Data Collection. 67 Limitations .. 70 Transcription ofInterviews . 71 Sample. 71 Summary 73 VI 4. FINDINGS ....... 75 Field Research . 75 Summary and Evaluation ofData. 198 5. FINDINGS . 227 Literature Search. 227 Field Research . 232 Findings ... 234 Personal Reflections. 253 Recommendations to the Church. 256 Recommendations for Building Bridges . 261 Recommendations for Further Research . 268 Appendix 1. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS. 269 REFERENCE LIST. ...... 272 Vll ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my deep appreciation and gratitude to the following people who have been a source ofstrength and support to me during my pilgrimage offaith and during the writing ofthis major project. I am extremely grateful to my first reader, Dr. Jim Plueddemann, who patiently encouraged, mentored and prayed for me over the many years ofmy writing this major project. I am very thankful for my second reader Dr. David Larsen and his wife Jean. They have supported and prayed for me all through my studies at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. I deeply appreciate my program director, Dr. Martin Crain, who has always been available to advise and pray with me. I express my deep appreciation to all the key leaders in ministry, both Pentecostal and non-Pentecostal whom I interviewed. Their willingness to be open and transparent and share information about the Holy Spirit's anointing and empowerment in their own personal lives and ministries has enriched my major project. I am deeply indebted to April Jeffers, a professional court reporter from my former church, who helped me to transcribe the tapes ofall my interviews. I would not have been able to complete this major project on time ifnot for her professional assistance. I am very thankful for my family and friends from around the globe who faithfully prayed for me, encouraged and supported me throughout the twenty-five years of Vlll my ministry, the different stages ofmy theological studies in Sri Lanka, South Korea and the USA and the writing and defending ofmy Major Project. My former senior pastor, Dr. Colton Wickramaratne at the People's Church, Assembly of God in Colombo, Sri Lanka, has made a deep and lasting impact on my life and call to ministry. He taught me to trust God and walk by faith. I learned to discern the still small voice ofthe Holy Spirit from him. My mother, who is now in heaven, laid the first foundations for my faith and trust in God. She used to read Bible stories to me each night and taught me to pray to Jesus Papa, from the time I was a little child. She nurtured my child-like faith and helped me to develop a very personal relationship with the Lord. She prayed for me all through my life and ministry, and paid a price so that I could serve God. The Lord has been my closest companion throughout my life. He spared my life from death, and the sole purpose for my living, is to love, follow and serve Him all the days ofmy life. IX CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT As we live in a world that focuses on the multi-faceted phenomenon ofpower in human activity, one ofthe questions we would ask is "how is the power ofGod making an impact on human life today?" As Christians, we believe that Jesus Christ alone has the power to bring about a radical transformation in human life through the power ofGod's Holy Spirit. Throughout history, various models and forms of power have been used by human beings to control and dominate their fellow human beings. Physical strength, personal charisma, fame, wealth, law, office, military might, political dominance, established systems, legal structures and gender differences have been used to crush, control and influence other human beings in order to gain personal position, power and prestige (Cook 2004, 11). Similar abuses ofpower for personal gain take place even today in politics and public life and in personal and private lives where both coercion and persuasion influence others to do as one wishes (Cook 2004, 11). In contrast to human power that dominates, through the Gospel ofJesus Christ, the power ofGod's Holy Spirit, brings a message ofhope, healing, comfort, deliverance and freedom for the down trodden and oppressed. The power ofthe Holy Spirit has been central to the life and ministry ofthe Church from its very inception, but never more so than today. Scripture teaches us that God imparts the power ofthe Holy Spirit to a yielded human vessel to accomplish his kingdom purposes on this earth. 1 2 What is the meaning and purpose ofthe anointing in the life and ministry of a Christian Minister ofthe Gospel that demonstrates the power ofthe Holy Spirit? Jesus Christ, the Messiah who was "the Anointed One" defined the meaning and purpose ofthe word anointing in his ministry as follows: "The Spirit ofthe Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery ofsight for the blind, to release the oppressed, to proclaim the year ofthe Lord's favor" (Luke 4: 18-19, all Biblical quotes are from the NIV unless otherwise noted). From the very inception ofhis ministry, Jesus lived and moved in the power ofthe Spirit and he is our role model and example. "The refrain that echoes throughout his ministry was that he was 'full ofthe Holy Spirit,' he was 'led by the Spirit' and 'filled with the power ofthe Spirit'" (Foster 1998, 9). Jesus was known as "a prophet, powerful in word and deed before God and all the people" (Luke 24: 19). Jesus said to the Sadducees "You are in error because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God" (Matt 22:29) and the crowds were astonished at his teaching (Matt 22:33). Jesus combined the teaching ofthe Word ofGod with a demonstration ofthe power ofGod and people were amazed at his ministry and flocked to hear his teaching. Just as the mission ofJesus had been inaugurated in the power ofthe Spirit, so at Pentecost, the mission ofthe disciples would be inaugurated. Jesus promised that they would receive power when the Holy Spirit came upon them and they would be his witnesses in Jerusalem, in all Judea, Samaria and to the ends ofthe earth (Acts 1:8). At Pentecost "with great power the apostles continued to testify" (Acts 4:33). Stephen full of God's grace and 3 power did great and wondrous miraculous signs" (Acts 6:8). Paul prayed for the Romans that "... they may overflow with hope by the power ofthe Holy Spirit" (Rom 15:13). He encouraged his son in the faith Timothy saying, "God did not give us a spirit oftimidity, but a spirit of power, love and self-discipline" (2 Tim 1:7). Similarly, every believer is called to a personal encounter and relationship with the Holy Spirit who will lead, guide and empower one's life for ministry. The power ofthe Spirit has been pivotal to the life ofthe church from its birth and is more so today.
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