sustainability Review Sustainable Soil Management in Ski Areas: Threats and Challenges Emanuele Pintaldi 1, Csilla Hudek 1, Silvia Stanchi 1,2 ID , Thomas Spiegelberger 3 ID , Enrico Rivella 4 and Michele Freppaz 1,2,* ID 1 Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
[email protected] (E.P.);
[email protected] (C.H.);
[email protected] (S.S.) 2 NATRISK, Interdepartmental Research Centre on Natural Risks in Mountain and Hilly Environments, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy 3 National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture, Research Unit Mountain Ecosystems, University Grenoble Alpes, 2 rue de la Papeterie, F-38402 St-Martin-d’Hères, France;
[email protected] 4 Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale—ARPA Piemonte, via Pio VII 9, 10135 Torino, Italy;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +39-011-670-8514 Received: 29 September 2017; Accepted: 16 November 2017; Published: 22 November 2017 Abstract: The skiing industry often represent the main contribution to mountain regions’ economy, by providing several economic benefits and the improvement of services and infrastructure. Ski resorts also play a crucial role as an impacting factor, causing severe changes on Alpine landscape and ecosystems. In particular ski runs construction and operation have considerable impacts on alpine soils, influencing their chemical and physical properties which affecting the establishment and development of plant communities. The work provides a description of the changes in soil properties and the related effects on vegetation.