DOCSLIB.ORG

The Bible in Imperial Japan, 1850-1950

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Bible in Imperial Japan, 1850-1950 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository THE BIBLE IN IMPERIAL JAPAN, 1850-1950 Yumi Murayama-Cain A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St. Andrews 2010 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1717 This item is protected by original copyright T B I J – Yumi Murayama-Cain Ph.D. thesis th March Declarations D I, Yumi Murayama-Cain, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately , words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work car- ried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September and as a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in September ; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between and . D: S : Yumi Murayama-Cain I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. D: S : Prof. Mario I. Aguilar In submitting this thesis to the University of St Andrews we understand that we are giving permission for it to be made available for use in accordance with the regula- tions of the University Library for the time being in force, subject to any copyright vested in the work not being affected thereby. We also understand that the title and the abstract will be published, and that a copy of the work may be made and supplied to any bona fide library or research worker, that my thesis will be electron- ically accessible for personal or research use unless exempt by award of an embargo as requested below, and that the library has the right to migrate my thesis into new electronic forms as required to ensure continued access to the thesis. We have ob- tained any third-party copyright permissions that may be required in order to allow ii such access and migration, or have requested the appropriate embargo below. The following is an agreed request by candidate and supervisor regarding the electronic publication of this thesis: Access to Printed copy and electronic publication of thesis through the Univer- sity of St Andrews. D: S : Yumi Murayama-Cain D: S : Prof. Mario I. Aguilar Abstract 要 This thesis undertakes to apply some of the insights from postcolonial criticism to understand the history of Christianity in Japan, focusing on key Christian thinkers in the period since Japan’s national isolation ended in the mid th century. 旨 It studies these theologians’ interaction with the the Bible as a “canonical” text in the Western civilisation, arguing for a two-way connection between Japan’s re- ception of Christianity and reaction to the West. In particular, it considers the pro- cess through which Christianity was employed to support or criticise Japan’s co- lonial discourse against neighbouring Asian countries. In this process, I argue that interpretation of the Bible was a political act, informed not simply by the text itself, but also by the interpreter’s positionality in the society. The thesis starts by reviewing the history of Christianity in Japan. The core of the thesis consists of three chapters, each of which considers the thought of two contemporaries. Ebina Danjo (–) and Uchimura Kanzo (–) were two first-generation Christians who converted to Christianity through missionaries from the United States, and responded to Japan’s westernisation and military ex- pansion from opposite perspectives. Kagawa Toyohiko (–) and Yanaihara Tadao (–) spoke about the country’s situation in the years preceding the Asia-Pacific War (–), and again reached two different conclusions. Nagai Takashi (–) and Kitamori Kazo (–) were Christian voices immedi- ately after the war, and both dealt with the issue of suffering. Each chapter explores how the formation of their thoughts was driven by their particular historical, eco- nomic, and social backgrounds. The concluding chapter outlines Christian thought in Japan today and deals with the major issue facing Japanese theology: cultural essentialism. iv Contents D ii A iv P: A L F ix A xii N xiii C – I: C, P, C J The History of Christianity and Colonialism The Bible as the Book of the Empire Who Are the Readers and Commentators? C – J C H: H B I I Francisco de Xavier and the Jesuit Missionaries Hideyoshi Toyotomi and his Policy on Kirishitans The San Felipe Incident and the Twenty-six Martyrs Tokugawa Bakufu and Kirisitans The End of National Isolation The Return of Missionaries The Meiji Government and The Restoration v Social Background of the Japanese Christians in the th Century Emergence of the Japanese Protestant Theologians Ebina Danjo Uemura Masahisa Uchimura Kanzo The Constitution, the emperor System, and Christianity Uchimura Kanzo’s Lese-Majesty Incident Liberal Theology, Karl Barth, and the Churches in Japan Japanese Theologians and the Annexation of Korea March First Independence Movement The Churches in the Time of War Shinto Shrine Worship in Korea The Resistance of the Korean Christians After the War The Church and War Guilt Christianity and the Imperial Institution Today Conclusion C – T S C: T F-G P Ebina Danjo (–) Uchimura Kanzo (–) Russo-Japanese War (–) Ebina and Uchimura on Japan and Japanese Imperialism Samurai Colonialists: Ebina and Uchimura in History C – P T: K T Y T Kagawa Toyohiko (–) Kagawa in the Slum Labour Movement and Christian Socialism The Great Kanto Earthquake and the Kingdom of God Movement Kagawa and the Bible Yanaihara Tadao (–) Non-Church, Colonial Studies, and Japan’s Expansionism “Let the Prophet Stand in Japan” Yanaihara and the Bible Kagawa and Yanaihara during and after the Asia-Pacific War C – I R F: K K N T Nagai Takashi (–) The Victims and Survivors Nagai and the Bible Nagai’s Legacy Kitamori Kazo (–) The Theology of the Pain of God () Kitamori and the Bible Kitamori’s Legacy Nagai and Kitamori on the Issue of Pain C – M C M C: P-B P “Japan” as a Category of Social Anthropology The Roots of Nihonjinron Nihonjinron Nakane Chie, Japanese Society and Doi Takeo, The Anatomy of Dependence A Critique of Nihonjinron: Essentialist and Ahistorical A Critique of Nihonjinron: Japan as a Homogeneous Nation A Critique of Nihonjinron: East and West Dichotomy Deconstructing Nihonjinron Conclusion B Preface: A Letter to Friends 序 One of my regular correspondences with my friends who live in the United States, written in June 2009. Dear Ryan and Marina, Hello. It’s nice to wake up to an interesting email! I was much intrigued by your description of the Orthodox service you began to attend. Though I have been always attending church services wherever: Japan, the United States, Scotland, and Portugal, your description of the Orthodox church in Detroit sounds very different from any of my experience. You are right: the Catholic mass I attend is about minutes long, at the most. It is almost exactly the same as the Episcopal liturgy I know from the Scottish Episcopal Church. The confession, the Gloria, and the creed are identical. There are minor differences: for example during the Eucharist liturgy, they have a song they sing while holding hands. The same song every week, but I think that may be unique to this particular church. The first time I went to the church I gasped when the priest drank all the blood of Jesus, because I was not used to it. The mass is said very fast, and the homily is short. I would not like the long Protestant homily ever again, but the Catholic service does feel a bit rushed. It was good last time though because the church was completely full, and I was standing, with the wrong kind of shoes and my back was hurting towards the end of the service. In any case, that we, who met in a evangelical protestant seminary in the States are now attending Catholic and Orthodox services, I think, says something about the state of Christianity in the world today. I agree about the danger of idealising the primitive church, and I am reluctant to criticise the Orthodox church’s relation with the state because it’s in the distant past… a past that does influence me, unlike th century imperialism and today’s neo-colonialism and their ties with Protestantism. But even then, I would be very cautious using the concept of providence, exactly because I am afraid of the same concept and logic being used to justify the racism, massacre, and exploitation that ix the Protestant churches were a part of in the past two centuries. Pointing out the Church’s sins does not make the Church sinless, and neither does modernising or redesigning the Church. But I insist that German Protestantism’s repentance about their support of Nazism was necessary, and the Japanese churches’ confession of sins over their support of militarism during the Asia-Pacific war and further in- vestigation of what happened during the time were vital for the life of the Church. I also think that Christians in the United States should AT LEAST confess the sin of the Church over the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, which was a Christian city. It’s Catholic, so maybe it was not good enough.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vaitoskirjascientific MASCULINITY and NATIONAL IMAGES IN
    Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki, Finland SCIENTIFIC MASCULINITY AND NATIONAL IMAGES IN JAPANESE SPECULATIVE CINEMA Leena Eerolainen DOCTORAL DISSERTATION To be presented for public discussion with the permission of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Helsinki, in Room 230, Aurora Building, on the 20th of August, 2020 at 14 o’clock. Helsinki 2020 Supervisors Henry Bacon, University of Helsinki, Finland Bart Gaens, University of Helsinki, Finland Pre-examiners Dolores Martinez, SOAS, University of London, UK Rikke Schubart, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Opponent Dolores Martinez, SOAS, University of London, UK Custos Henry Bacon, University of Helsinki, Finland Copyright © 2020 Leena Eerolainen ISBN 978-951-51-6273-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-6274-8 (PDF) Helsinki: Unigrafia, 2020 The Faculty of Arts uses the Urkund system (plagiarism recognition) to examine all doctoral dissertations. ABSTRACT Science and technology have been paramount features of any modernized nation. In Japan they played an important role in the modernization and militarization of the nation, as well as its democratization and subsequent economic growth. Science and technology highlight the promises of a better tomorrow and future utopia, but their application can also present ethical issues. In fiction, they have historically played a significant role. Fictions of science continue to exert power via important multimedia platforms for considerations of the role of science and technology in our world. And, because of their importance for the development, ideologies and policies of any nation, these considerations can be correlated with the deliberation of the role of a nation in the world, including its internal and external images and imaginings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Denationalized Have No Class: the Banishment of Japan's Korean Minority-- a POLEMIC
    Volume 6 | Issue 6 | Article ID 2776 | Jun 01, 2008 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus The Denationalized Have No Class: The Banishment of Japan's Korean Minority-- A POLEMIC Sonia Ryang The Denationalized Have No Class: The compounded. Banishment of Japan’s Korean Minority-- A POLEMIC Sonia Ryang 1. In a recent article by Bumsoo Kim entitled “Bringing class back in: the changing basis of inequality and the Korean minority in Japan,” I read: “[…] this study shows that the Young Koreans in Japan celebrate legal/institutional and socioeconomic wedding in traditional Korean style. structural changes in Japan for the past few decades, by decreasing Nevertheless, what the above passage made me ethnic inequality between Koreans wonder—and what I found to be odd in it—was and Japanese while increasing class this: Koreans in Japan have always had inequality among Koreans, have made incorporated class stratification: throughout class more significant than ethnicity the colonial period, during the US occupation in understanding the inequalityand the entire post-war period, and to this day. problematic of zainichi Koreans [i.e. The question is why, then, do some researchers Koreans in Japan].”[1] think that class (and here, I take that they mean, through conflation, class consciousness Perhaps it is logical that an oppressed and and class differentiation) was not previously marginalized ethnic minority, once it begins to relevant to Koreans in Japan or, more precisely, receive the benefits of the affluence of the host when we think about Koreans in Japan. When society, albeit belatedly, would shed itsdid class disappear from the rhetoric and markings of ethnicity and begin to take on the understanding of and about Koreans in Japan to markings of class.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Diffusion of Christianity in Japan: How Japanese View Christianity
    3\1-1- MODERN DIFFUSION OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN: HOW JAPANESE VIEW CHRISTIANITY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UINIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN COMMUNICATION AUGUST 2004 By Megumi Watanabe Thesis Committee: Jeffrey Ady, Chairperson Elizabeth Kunimoto George Tanabe © Copyright 2004 by Megumi Watanabe 111 Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my thesis committee chairperson, Dr. Jeffrey Ady, for his invaluable support and encouragement throughout the completion ofmy thesis. I would like to take this time to show my appreciation of my thesis committee members, Dr. Kunimoto and Dr. Tanabe, for their warm support and helpful comments. Also, my appreciation goes to Dr. Joung-Im Kim, who gave me valuable ideas and helped to develop my thesis proposal. My very special gratitude goes to my former advisor at Shizuoka University Dr. Hiroko Nishida, for giving me advice and assistance in obtaining the subjects. I would like to thank my friend Natsuko Kiyono who gave me helpful suggestions for my study, also Yukari Nagahara, Nozomi Ishii, Arisa Nagamura who helped collect data, and all my other friends who gave their time to participate in this proj ect. I would like to extend a special thanks to my friends Jenilee Kong, Gidget Agapito, Charity Rivera, and Miwa Yamazaki who generously shared their time to help me to complete this thesis, and provided me with profound advice. I would like to give a very special thanks to my parents and relatives for their extraordinary support and encouragement throughout my life and study in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • This Sporting Life: Sports and Body Culture in Modern Japan William W
    Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale CEAS Occasional Publication Series Council on East Asian Studies 2007 This Sporting Life: Sports and Body Culture in Modern Japan William W. Kelly Yale University Atsuo Sugimoto Kyoto University Follow this and additional works at: http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ceas_publication_series Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, Cultural History Commons, Japanese Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kelly, William W. and Sugimoto, Atsuo, "This Sporting Life: Sports and Body Culture in Modern Japan" (2007). CEAS Occasional Publication Series. Book 1. http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ceas_publication_series/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Council on East Asian Studies at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in CEAS Occasional Publication Series by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This Sporting Life Sports and Body Culture in Modern Japan j u % g b Edited by William W. KELLY With SUGIMOTO Atsuo YALE CEAS OCCASIONAL PUBLICATIONS VOLUME 1 This Sporting Life Sports and Body Culture in Modern Japan yale ceas occasional publications volume 1 © 2007 Council on East Asian Studies, Yale University All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permis- sion. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Giving Birth to a Rich Nation and Strong Soldiers: Midwives and Nation Building in Japan Between the Meiji Period and the 1940S
    Giving Birth to a Rich Nation and Strong Soldiers: Midwives and Nation Building in Japan between the Meiji Period and the 1940s. Aya Homei Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Manchester A paper for the Joint Princeton-Columbia Graduate Student Workshop (National Identity and Public Policy in Comparative Perspective) Princeton, September 29 - October 1, 2000 Introduction In 1916, in the midwifery journal Josan no Shiori Takatsuji published an article titled “Shin-shin no Kaizen wa Kokka Hukyo no Soseki nari (Improvement of spirit and body is a foundation for a rich and strong nation). From the Meiji period onwards Japan had been actively searching for the means to modernize the country, exemplified by the slogan hukoku kyohei (rich nation, strong soldiers). As part of this scheme, western medicine was vigorously examined and implemented in national policies. Simultaneously high mortality and need of human resources for the nationalistic cause (in the emerging industry in the Meiji period and in the sphere of military) made midwives a target for medicalization. Thus once midwives were medicalized through professionalization they were expected to play a central role in making the country fit for war in the industrial age. Especially during the 1930s and 1940s when countless regulations on population issues as well as maternal and infant protection were enacted (and not coincidentally another slogan umeyo huyaseyo, “give birth and multiply,” was promoted), midwives’ role appeared paramountly important. This essay deals with ways in which the birth attendants professionalized and at the same time acted as agents of liaison between the government who attempted to transport the gospel of hygiene (including racial hygiene) and the homes of Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • 1999: Japan Page 1 of 20
    U.S. Department of State, Human Rights Reports for 1999: Japan Page 1 of 20 The State Department web site below is a permanent electro information released prior to January 20, 2001. Please see w material released since President George W. Bush took offic This site is not updated so external links may no longer func us with any questions about finding information. NOTE: External links to other Internet sites should not be co endorsement of the views contained therein. 1999 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor U.S. Department of State, February 25, 2000 JAPAN Japan is a parliamentary democracy based on the 1947 Constitution. Sovereignty is vested in the people, and the Emperor is defined as the symbol of state. Executive power is exercised by a cabinet, composed of a prime minister and ministers of state, which is responsible to the Diet, a two-house parliament. The Diet, elected by universal suffrage and secret ballot, designates the Prime Minister, who must be a member of that body. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Liberal Party, and the Komeito Party formed the current Government in October. The judiciary is independent. A well-organized and disciplined police force generally respects the human rights of the populace and is firmly under the control of the civil authorities. However, there continued to be credible reports that police committed some human rights abuses. The industrialized free market economy is highly efficient and competitive in world markets and provides residents with a high standard of living.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Journey of Japanese Christianity to the Brink of Modern Japan
    Running head: THREAD IN JAPAN’S HISTORY 1 A Thread In Japan’s History: The Historical Journey Of Japanese Christianity to the Brink of Modern Japan Rebecca Velker A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2013 THREAD IN JAPAN’S HISTORY 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Timothy Saxon, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Donna Donald, M.A. Committee Member ______________________________ Brenda Ayres, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ James Nutter, D.A Honors Director ______________________________ Date THREAD IN JAPAN’S HISTORY 3 Abstract A Jesuit missionary named Francis Xavier pioneered the Christian faith in Japan in 1549. Japan was open to the gospel, and many missionaries followed Francis Xavier. Japanese people from a wide range of social standings supported Christianity for a variety of reasons. The Tokugawa government soon viewed Christianity as a threat to the authority of the Japanese government. Japan persecuted the Christians and the Japanese church was driven underground. Over two hundred years later during the Meiji Restoration, Japan altered its policies towards the West and tolerated Christianity in Japan. Despite never being fully welcomed, the Christian belief resonated with many well-educated Japanese men. Some of the most well educated men in Japan became Christians and their work influenced the formation of Japan during a crucial time in its history. These men’s goal to develop Christianity in Japan helped shape Japan as a nation and develop Modern Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.A 17Th Century Buddhist Treatise Refuting Christianity
    Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies ISSN: 0874-8438 [email protected] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal Pinto dos Santos, José Miguel A 17th century buddhist treatise refuting christianity Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 4, june, 2002, pp. 91 - 110 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36100405 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BPJS, 2002, 4, 91 - 110 A 17th CENTURY BUDDHIST TREATISE REFUTING CHRISTIANITY José Miguel Pinto dos Santos Hiroshima University Introduction The cultural impact that resulted from the Portuguese presence in Japan during the “Christian Century” was multifaceted. This included a secondary and popular aspect, which left its mark on Japanese clothing and gastronomy in a manner that is still visible even today. It also included the transmission of tech- nologies and a certain number of objects that, in a limited way, influenced the commercial and creative activities of the Japanese. However, there is no doubt that the most important aspect of this encounter between these two cultures was the transmission of a new vision of the cosmos that was totally novel to the Japanese, a process that was realized by the missionaries. This vision of the cosmos consisted of two completely different but inseparable elements that, to use a metaphor of that period, were like a lady and her housekeeper: the religious component was represented by Christianity and the scientific element consisted of natural Aristotelian thought and Ptolemaic astronomical theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducing East Asian Peoples
    Introducing East Asian Peoples EAST ASIAN PEOPLES Contents 04 The East Asian Affinity 06 Map of East Asia 08 China 12 Japan 14 Mongolia 16 South Korea 18 Taiwan 20 Buddhism 22 Taoism or Daoism 24 Folk Religions 26 Confucianism 28 Islam 29 Atheism 30 Affinity Cities Overview 32 Unreached People Group Overview 34 Global Diaspora 36 Connect The East Asian Affinity China, Japan, Mongolia, South Korea and Taiwan, countries Issues and Challenges facing the EA Affinity In the last 10 years, Japan’s population has shifted so that 92 Aging Population on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean, are central to the percent of Japan’s people live in cities. Roughly 83 percent Japan’s population continues to decline, due to one of the work of the East Asian Peoples Affinity Group. Population of the people of South Korea live in urban areas, 20 percent world’s lowest birth rates and one-fourth of their population The population within East Asian countries is exploding. Al- in the urban area of Seoul. being 65 or older. The shrinking labor force limits tax revenue Most East Asian people live in this geographic region, but the ready, they are home to nearly 1.67 billion people, represent- and has caused Japan’s debt to grow by more than twice focus of our efforts is to communicate the gospel, helping ing a fourth of the world’s population. East Asian governments In China, there is a plan to shift 350 million rural residents into the country’s economic output. East Asian people hear and respond favorably to the Good grapple with unprecedented challenges, including how to newly constructed towns and cities by 2025.
    [Show full text]
  • Reseña De" Christianity in Early Modern Japan. Kirishitan Belief
    Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies ISSN: 0874-8438 [email protected] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal Jorissen, Engelbert Reseña de "Christianity in Early Modern Japan. Kirishitan Belief & Practice" de Ikuo Higashibaba Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 8, june, 2004, pp. 107-115 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36100806 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BPJS, 2004, 8, 107-130 Book Review 107 BOOK REVIEW Ikuo Higashibaba convert to Christianity in early mod- ern Japan. Christianity in Early Modern Japan. Ikuo Higashibaba starts his in- Kirishitan Belief & Practice, quiry from the background of such (Brill's Japanese Studies Library, questions. He wants to move away edited by from a traditional research which H. Bolitho and K. W. Radtke, focuses on historical events and fig- Volume 16, ures and ends up by measuring the Leiden, Boston, Koln, Brill, 2001) effect and results of the early Catho- lic mission in Japan according to the During an international confer- exspectation of the missionary, come ence held on occasion of the 450th from outside, and within the frame of commemoration of the arrival of the a European understanding of Chris- first Portuguese in Japan in, as far tianism, Christians and Christian as it seems today, 1543, there was behaviour. Instead, Higashibaba as- one contribution about Otomo Sorin serts: “We need to explore the his- as a crucial figure in the history of torical experiences of these people, early Japanese Christianity.
    [Show full text]
  • Myths of Hakkō Ichiu: Nationalism, Liminality, and Gender
    Myths of Hakko Ichiu: Nationalism, Liminality, and Gender in Official Ceremonies of Modern Japan Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Teshima, Taeko Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 21:55:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194943 MYTHS OF HAKKŌ ICHIU: NATIONALISM, LIMINALITY, AND GENDER IN OFFICIAL CEREMONIES OF MODERN JAPAN by Taeko Teshima ______________________ Copyright © Taeko Teshima 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE PROGRAM IN COMPARATIVE CULTURAL AND LITERARY STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For a Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 0 6 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Taeko Teshima entitled Myths of Hakkō Ichiu: Nationalism, Liminality, and Gender in Official Ceremonies of Modern Japan and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _________________________________________________Date: 6/06/06 Barbara A. Babcock _________________________________________________Date: 6/06/06 Philip Gabriel _________________________________________________Date: 6/06/06 Susan Hardy Aiken Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • Uemura Masahisa (1857-1925) First Generation Pastor, Christian
    Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary Doctor of Theology Dissertation Concordia Seminary Scholarship 5-1-1982 Uemura Masahisa (1857-1925) First Generation Pastor, Christian Leader and Instinctive Proponent of Indigenized Christianity in Japan Addison Soltau Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.csl.edu/thd Part of the History of Christianity Commons, and the Missions and World Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Soltau, Addison, "Uemura Masahisa (1857-1925) First Generation Pastor, Christian Leader and Instinctive Proponent of Indigenized Christianity in Japan" (1982). Doctor of Theology Dissertation. 17. http://scholar.csl.edu/thd/17 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Concordia Seminary Scholarship at Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Theology Dissertation by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE iv Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 Primary Sources 15 Secondary Sources 17 II. FORMATIVE INFLUENCES IN UEMURA'S EARLY LIFE 21 General Background to Christianity 21 Uemura's Home and School 29 Nineteenth Century Protestant Evangelicalism in America . 33 Missionaries Samuel R. Brown and James H. Ballagh 36 Christian "Bands" 39 Uemura's Church 46 III. UEMURA, THE MAN AND HIS MINISTRY 57 Uemura's Personal Character 57 The Environment for Uemura's Ministry 62 Uemura's Perception of His Calling 68 Uemura's Personal Ministry 74 Uemura's Writing Ministry 80 Uemura's Teaching Ministry 92 IV. UEMURA AND HIS RELIGIOUS WORLD VIEW 105 The Motif of Continuity 119 The Motif of Aspiration 132 The Motif of Independence 141 Independence and Government Control 145 Independence and Mission Control 147 Financial 153 Theological 157 The Motif of Progressiveness 162 V.
    [Show full text]