Sustainable Building Guide
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Sustainable building Guide Retro fi tting existing buildings Contents This guide is only available electronically and the information will be updated regularly refl ecting the continually improving understanding of sustainable building 04 Summary 30 Water treatment 05 Introduction and drainage 30 Basic design principle 06 Design 30 Sustainability context 06 Basic design principle 31 Practical solutions 06 Sustainability context 32 Historic conservation issues 06 Practical solutions 34 Case study 07 Historic conservation issues 35 Useful links/references 09 Case study 10 Useful links/references 36 Materials 36 Basic design principle 13 Energy conservation 36 Sustainability context 13 Basic design principle 36 Practical solutions 13 Sustainability context 39 Historic conservation issues 13 Practical solutions 42 Case study 18 Historic conservation issues 43 Useful links/references 20 Case studies 22 Useful links/references 45 Waste 45 Basic design principle 25 Water conservation 45 Sustainability context 25 Basic design principle 46 Practical solutions 25 Sustainability context 47 Historic conservation issues 26 Practical solutions 47 Useful links/references 27 Historic conservation issues 48 Case study 28 Case study 29 Useful links/references 49 Pollution 49 Basic design principle 49 Sustainability context 49 Practical solutions 50 Historic conservation issues 51 Useful links/references 52 Case study 2 53 Maintenance 67 Access, equality 53 Basic design principle and diversity 53 Sustainability context 67 Basic design principle 53 Practical solutions 67 Sustainability context 54 Historic conservation issues 68 Practical solutions 55 Useful links/references 71 Historic conservation issues 56 Case study 72 Case study 73 Useful links/references 57 Ecology and biodiversity 74 Communities 57 Basic design principle 74 Basic design principle 57 Sustainability context 74 Sustainability context 58 Practical solutions 74 Practical solutions 59 Historic conservation issues 74 Historic conservation issues 60 Case study 75 Useful links/references 61 Useful links/references 76 Case study 62 Health and wellbeing 77 Glossary 62 Basic design principle 62 Sustainability context 62 Practical solutions 65 Historic conservation issues 65 Useful links/references 66 Case study 3 Summary The aim of this guide is to give advice on how to retro-fi t existing buildings in a green or sustainable way This guide has been developed Each topic is divided into the following in partnership with the following sections for clarity of information: organisations: Cornwall Council • Basic design principle – to outline Cornwall Sustainable Building Trust (CSBT) the design aesthetic for that topic. • Sustainability context – to give a The aim of this guide is to give advice broad overview of the sustainability on how to retro-fi t existing buildings in issues associated with that topic. a green or sustainable way. The guide is designed to be used by all building • Practical solutions – to give advice occupants and developers from the about what can be done to tackle this individual householder to the larger topic within an existing building. scale developer who might be altering, • Historic conservation issues – extending or refurbishing an existing to give an overview of the historic development. The information in conservation issues associated with this guide can also help towards the that topic (as historic conservation is submission of a planning application. regarded as a cross-cutting theme This guide is only available electronically rather than a separate topic area). and the information will be updated • Case studies – any relevant case regularly refl ecting the continually studies as provided by CSBT. improving understanding of sustainable building. It is anticipated that this guide • Useful links / references – a signpost will be followed by another guide aimed at to further information. the development of new buildings. Words that are underlined in the text are The guide is divided into the following contained within the glossary at the end of topic areas: the document. Design There is also a Sustainability Checklist Energy Conservation which allows you to consider all the topics Water Conservation and this can be submitted in support of a Water Treatment & Drainage planning application. Materials Waste Pollution Maintenance Ecology & Biodiversity Health & Wellbeing Access, Equality & Diversity Communities 4 Introduction If everyone in the world lived as most Europeans do, we would need three planets to support us. One Planet Living (Bio Regional/WWF, 2004) Sustainable development can be The environmental impact posed by defi ned as, ‘development which buildings is perhaps one of the most meets the needs of the present signifi cant environmental challenges without compromising the ability of today. The built environment is of future generations to meet their responsible for over 50% of global CO2 own needs.’ Brundtland Report for the emissions, 40% of solid waste generation World Commission on Environment and and 40% of global energy use. The Development, 1992. manufacture of construction materials and the demolition of buildings create Cornwall Council defi nes sustainable huge quantities of waste, the majority of construction as; “The design, which could be reused or recycled. The construction, maintenance, construction process can also impact on refurbishment and decommissioning key natural resources through emissions to of buildings and other infrastructure air, land and water, which can also aff ect that is fi t for purpose, resource biodiversity. The construction industry effi cient and will not compromise has a major impact on our environment the health of the environment or and our ability to maintain a sustainable the health of building occupants, economy. It is clear that we cannot meet builders, the general public or future our declared environmental objectives generations.” without dramatically reducing the impact of buildings and the construction Cornwall Council is committed to making infrastructure; we have to change the way Cornwall one of the UK’s most sustainable we design and build. places and helping achieve Cornwall’s Green Peninsula status. This guide The Government has set a target to reduce sets out the Council’s requirements in total UK carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by relation to the sustainable management, at least 80% on 1990 levels by 2050 and maintenance and refurbishment of all by at least 26% by 2020. Within this, the existing, development within Cornwall. Government has already set out its policy that new homes will be zero carbon from 2016, and an ambition that new schools, public sector non-domestic buildings and other non-domestic buildings will be zero cacarbon from 2016, 2018 and 2019 2050 respectively. The Government’sG recent Low Carbon Transition PlaPlan details how these targets will be reached bbut success will be dependent on the extent tot which impacts 1990 of buildings can be reducedreduced. The Government target is to reduce CO2 emissions by 80% by 2050 from 1990 levels 5 Design Time and eff ort spent researching and prioritising cost eff ective measures will deliver an easier, more sustainable and durable building Basic design principle consideration is the most appropriate design to achieve sustainability. Any sustainable building project must be well designed. Time and eff ort spent Designing for sustainability is necessary to researching available methods and reduce reliance on fossil fuels and develop materials and prioritising cost eff ective lifestyles that do not deplete natural measures will deliver an easier build and resources. a more sustainable and durable building. Whatever their level of involvement, the This guide looks at sustainable design client should understand and insist on and there are many variable and sustainability best practice. interdependent factors, not least the perceived value of a particular design Sustainability context to consider. The case studies show the diversity of approaches to the challenge of New homes in the UK are built to a designing for sustainability in Cornwall. relatively good standard of energy performance, and future targets for “Zero Carbon” homes are motivating forward- Practical solutions looking developers to go beyond current Be Informed regulations. Individuals are developing Because sustainable design is not yet high performance, low carbon buildings a mainstream practice there are fewer and taking many varied approaches to established standards. Knowledge of sustainability. sustainability issues will inform decisions in critical areas of the project. Even if a Much of the housing designer is employed who specialises in stock in Cornwall low impact buildings there will still be is built before decisions to be made which will aff ect Individuals are regulations demanded overall sustainability. developing high good energy performance, low effi ciency and some Much has been written about sustainable buildings are listed to design and there are many sources carbon buildings preserve the character of information on the internet; each of a historically topic in this guide has a list of websites important area. When a building is which contain relevant information. listed the options for improving the Government, community and not for performance of the building are restricted; profi t organisations will provide impartial innovative approaches are required to information, and architects who specialise increase performance whilst maintaining in sustainability