DOCSLIB.ORG

Snet 170 Heat Wave

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Snet 170 Heat Wave ABOUT THIS ISSUE n the past decade, many I countries of Asia have been repeatedly struck by extreme heat and heat waves. Many scientists have attributed this trend of rising heat wave incidents to climate change. HEAT WAVE IMPACT Extreme heat events are becoming more frequent and severe because as the world Heat Waves and Street continues to warm due to human emissions of Vendors: What Cities Can Do greenhouse gases from the Vendors: What Cities Can Do burning of fossil fuels. hen a heat wave hits, our and cooling the surrounding air. In This issue of Winstinct is to stay indoors, under addition to regulating temperatures, Southasiadisasters.net is titled the fan or in the air-conditioning. trees also filter air pollution and absorb "Rising Risk of Heat Waves in However, millions of India's working atmospheric carbon dioxide. Asia". It highlights not only poor do not have that choice. Street the incidences and impacts of vendors, waste pickers, cart-pullers, 2. Protecting Open Spaces heat waves in Asia but also and rickshaw drivers are among the Temperatures are higher in urban all the scientific and many kinds of self-employed workers areas, as compared to rural areas, governance innovations that earn their living on the street. For because of what is known as the heat designed to mitigate their many, the day they do not work is the island effect. As buildings and roads damage. While instances of day they do not eat. Their work replace vegetation and open land, the heat waves are on the rise continues in blistering heat, under the sun beats down on rooftops, roads and scorching summer sun. across the world, Asia in pavements. Impermeable surfaces like particular seems to be reeling steel, concrete and asphalt trap and under an intense heat wave. Heat waves put both their lives and release heat-all contributing to the heat wave. Vegetative cover and According to the meteorologist their livelihoods at risk. Exhaustion and permeable surfaces such as soil can Etienne Kapikian, at least dehydration affect both the body and mitigate the heat island effect. Green seven Asian countries have the mind, causing headaches, dizziness, or nausea as well as confusion, roofs, city parks, waterbodies, and already set monthly high irritability or delirium. Produce backyard gardens provide space that temperature records at the end vendors are particularly vulnerable to shield against the sun's rays. of March 2018. the heat. Fruit and vegetables are perishable so every day is an anxiety- 3. Supporting Vernacular Architecture All this scientific and ridden race against the clock. To make Street-based workers employ diverse empirical evidence points to matters worse, when city temperatures strategies to withstand the sweltering the inconvenient truth that rise, customers are sparse and their heat. Many chaiwalas and vendors the incidence and intensity of earnings, like their produce, is at risk. construct makeshift awnings by heat waves will increase across In addressing the public health and attaching old sarees or wet jute cloth Asian countries in the coming poverty crises brought on by heat to lampposts and trees. For produce years. Therefore, there is a waves, cities must consider the following: vendors, shade not only protects need to address this rising risk against heat stroke and exhaustion but or mitigate its adverse 1. Investing in Urban Trees also extends the life of their fruits and impacts. This issue of The value of trees extends far beyond vegetables, thereby protecting their Southasiadisasters.net takes aesthetics; trees are vital to the public take-home earnings. Vernacular stock of the best practices in health of a city. During the summer, architecture of this kind can protect governance systems (heat trees cool both the ground and the air. both health and business, ultimately wave action plans), early Trees with wide canopies provide a saving lives. Cities have an opportunity warning and health large shaded area where the sun's rays to support its citizens in their efforts to preparedness among others to cannot hit the ground directly, thereby make the built environment livable to mitigate the adverse impacts reducing the amount of heat the those who use it. of heat waves in Asia. ground absorbs. Trees also transpire – Maya Potter, – Kshitij Gupta water as they grow, releasing vapor Fulbright-Nehru Research Fellow 2 southasiadisasters.net October 2018 CLIMATE SMART DEVELOPMENT Top Three Achievements of India to become "Weather Ready and Climate Smart" eather and climate forecasts and warnings and crop specific agro- W information is vital to public improved coordination with disaster meteorological advisories in well-being and safety, food security, management authorities. vernacular languages. The third water resources and health. During party assessment by the the past many decades, high impact The Major Three Achievements Made National Council of Applied weather events have taken many by the Ministry on Weather and Economic Research (NCAER) on lives and inflicted huge damages Climate Services are given below: the agromet services provided causing enormous economic 1. Agrometeorological Services by the ministry concluded that hardship. Global warming and Farmers make use of weather the annual economic benefit for climate change cause an increase in forecasts and warnings for the farmers cultivating 4 the frequency and intensity of such planning the operations like principal crops (Wheat, Rice, extreme events. Frequency of heavy sowing, irrigation, application Sugarcane and Cotton) was Rs rainfall events and severe heat waves of fertilizer and pesticide, 42,000 Crore in 2015. IMD is has increased over India during the harvest and protection of crops now planning to provide these last 3 decades. Early warning from weather disasters. The services extended to block level systems and disaster risk reduction Ministry in collaboration with through 660 district Agromet measures are therefore important for the Indian Council of field units being set up at ICAR boosting the community resilience. Agricultural Research (ICAR) Krishi Vigyan Kendras by 2019. Climate services on the other hand provides the Agromet Advisory These improved services with can inform decisions on both climate Services (AAS) for the benefit of additional climate and soil change mitigation and adaptation. farmers. This includes 5-day information for rain-fed weather forecasts issued on agriculture and irrigated The Ministry of Earth Sciences has every Tuesday and Friday. The agriculture of the country are the mandate to provide accurate and services carried out at 130 agro- expected to benefit farmers timely services for all events from met zones (cluster of 4-6 substantially and contribute to now-casting (next few hours) to sub- districts) now have been the Government initiative on seasonal and seasonal weather and successfully extended to the doubling the income of farmers. longer-term climate predictions to district level and operated 2. Early Warning Systems for all users. Ministry over the past 10 across 608 districts of the High Impact Weather Events years has been building up required country. Currently, about 22.4 The quality of weather services infrastructure and capability for million farmers are receiving by the Ministry has shown improving the services. This include a) strengthening of observational network (over land, sea and air); b) installing the state-of-the-art weather and climate prediction systems based on coupled models; c) acquiring faster computing resources; and d) investing in human resources development. Ministry has the computing capacity of about 8.0 petaflop, which is the best in the country and fourth best among the weather prediction centers in the world. The dramatic reduction in the lives lost due to high impact weather events in the last few years has been largely attributed to the significant increase in accuracy of weather http://citiscope.org/story/2017/lessons-and-challenges-indian-cities-step-planning-heat-waves October 2018 southasiadisasters.net 3 appreciable improvements during 2007-13 for 24, 48 and 72 Nina and climate prediction during the past 4 years. There hrs lead period respectively The products. have been noticeable period during 2014-17 registered improvements achieved in skills a decrease in track forecast error Ministry has the mandate of doing of forecasts for high impact by 29, 30, and 23% as compared research on basics of climate change. weather events like heavy to 2007-13 for 24, 48 and 72 hours A State-of-the-art Earth System rainfall and tropical cyclones. lead period respectively. Model (ESM) has been developed by This is evident with reference to 3. Climate Services the scientists at the Centre for recent tropical cyclones, Phailin, Climate services are very useful Climate Change Research (CCCR), Hudhud and Vardah and heavy for various sectors like Indian Institute of Tropical rainfall events in Uttarakhand, agriculture, water resources, Meteorology (IITM) Pune. This Jammu and Kashmir and disaster management, health etc. model will be further used to Chennai. For the recent cyclone, Ministry has been providing develop future regional climate Vardah, which had caused severe various climate service products change scenarios at 25 km resolution damages in the city of Chennai to various user agencies. The and conduct climate impact and neighborhood, accurate National Climate Centre at assessment studies. The ESM will be predictions were provided Pune has been now recognized the first climate model from India almost 3 days in advance, as the Regional Climate Centre to contribute to the forthcoming helping to save thousands of by the World Meteorological sixth IPCC climate change lives. The loss of lives during Organisation (WMO) for assessment process. The center will the last 4 years due to tropical providing regional climate come out with a detailed climate cyclones has reduced to less services to south Asian change assessment report for India than hundred as compared to the countries. The center is now by early 2019.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Water and Nutrition Harmonizing Actions for the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition and the United Nations Water Action Decade
    EN Discussion Paper Water and Nutrition Harmonizing Actions for the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition and the United Nations Water Action Decade UNSCN February 2020 United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition All rights reserved. UNSCN encourages the use and dissemination of content in this product. Reproduction and dissemination thereof for educational or other non-commercial uses are authorized provided that appropriate acknowledgement of UNSCN as the source is given and that UNSCN’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be addressed to the UNSCN secretariat at [email protected]. EN Discussion Paper Water and Nutrition Harmonizing Actions for the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition and the United Nations Water Action Decade UNSCN February 2020 United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition Acknowledgements This report was written by Claudia Ringler (IFPRI) and Paulo Dias (FAO), with substantive inputs from Claire Chase (World Bank), Jowel Choufani (George Washington University), Jan Lundqvist (SIWI), Jennie Barron (SLU), Chris Dickens, Javier Mateo-Sagasta and Matthew McCartney (all IWMI), Sera Young (Northwestern University) and Marlos de Souza (FAO). The following individuals and organizations are gratefully acknowledged for providing comments and support during the review process: Marzella Wustefeld (WHO), Trudy Wijnhoven, Giulia Palma, Serena Pepino (all FAO), Danka Pantchova, Stefano Fedele, Franck Bouvet, Dominique Porteaud and Anna Ziolkovska (all UNICEF) and Denise Coitinho (UNSCN). The report was prepared under the overall management of Stineke Oenema (UNSCN). Janice Meerman (UNSCN) served as technical editor, Faustina Masini is credited with design.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Climate Risk Index 2018
    THINK TANK & RESEARCH BRIEFING PAPER GLOBAL CLIMATE RISK INDEX 2018 Who Suffers Most From Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2016 and 1997 to 2016 David Eckstein, Vera Künzel and Laura Schäfer Global Climate Risk Index 2018 GERMANWATCH Brief Summary The Global Climate Risk Index 2018 analyses to what extent countries have been affected by the impacts of weather-related loss events (storms, floods, heat waves etc.). The most recent data available – for 2016 and from 1997 to 2016 – were taken into account. The countries affected most in 2016 were Haiti, Zimbabwe as well as Fiji. For the period from 1997 to 2016 Honduras, Haiti and Myanmar rank highest. This year’s 13th edition of the analysis reconfirms earlier results of the Climate Risk Index: less developed countries are generally more affected than industrialised countries. Regarding future climate change, the Climate Risk Index may serve as a red flag for already existing vulnerability that may further increase in regions where extreme events will become more frequent or more severe due to climate change. While some vulnerable developing countries are frequently hit by extreme events, for others such disasters are a rare occurrence. It remains to be seen how much progress the Fijian climate summit in Bonn will make to address these challenges: The COP23 aims to continue the development of the ‘rule-book’ needed for implementing the Paris Agreement, including the global adaptation goal and adaptation communication guidelines. A new 5-year-work plan of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage is to be adopted by the COP.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the 2018 European Heat Wave
    Evolution of the 2018 European heat wave Stine Sagen Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of science in Meteorology and Oceanography 60 Credits Department of Geosciences Faculty of mathematics and natural sciences UNIVERSITY OF OSLO June 15, 2020 c 2020 Stine Sagen Evolution of the 2018 European heat wave This work is published digitally through DUO âĂŞ Digitale Utgivelser ved UiO http://www.duo.uio.no/ Printed: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Abstract This master study addresses the monthly evolution from April to September of the extreme heat wave that occurred in Europe in 2018. Heat waves cause serious hazards related to regional economics, ecosystems, human health and deaths. According to the large number of studies existing on heat waves, most climate models predict that in the future, heat waves will appear more often, last longer and increase in magnitude. Heat waves therefore require urgent attention and enhanced understanding of the processes behind this phenomenon is thus the motivation behind this thesis. The thesis will investigate how 1) atmospheric blocking was associated with a large-scale quasi-stationary mid-latitude flow regime and 2) soil moisture-temperature feedback could explain the anomalously high temperatures. To analyze these mechanisms and to see how they co-interact, a high resolution reanalysis dataset has been applied in order to provide a complete and consistent dataset. The main finding is that the strongest and most prolonged heat waves could mainly be identified in Northern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wildland-Urban Interface in Sweden
    Wildland-Urban Interface Virtual Essays Workbench WUIVIEW GA number 826522 Funded by European Union Civil Protection Technical Note TN 7.1. The wildland-urban interface in Sweden WP - Task WP7 – Taks 1 Version (1) TN7.1 /The wildland-urban Dissemination level Public File name interface in Sweden (2) Programmed delivery 31/01/2021 Actual delivery date 31/01/2021 date Document coordinator Frida Vermina Plathner Contact [email protected] Authors Frida Vermina Plathner (RISE), Johan Sjöström (RISE) Reviewed by Elsa Pastor (UPC) Abstract This study makes an attempt to describe the Wildland-Urban-Interface (WUI) of Sweden on 4 characteristic levels: The national level (describing the country as a whole), the regional level (in which the gradients within regions can be identifies), the community level (which identifies vulnerable areas and settlements) and the property level (in which the actions of homeowners are described). We use the WUI definitions developed for North America applied to a regular 1 km2 grid. The Census blocks, onto which the American WUI is evaluated do not exist for many countries so a method of evaluating the WUI would be valuable for many regions and nations across the world. The results follow expected patterns across the nation, the WUI is scattered over Sweden, but the greatest extent is found outside Stockholm and Gothenburg and in Blekinge county, mostly in the form if intermix WUI in which buildings are scattered within the wildland. For the Community level, the chosen method is too coarse and an adaptation is applied and exemplified on a rural village in southern Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • Interim Annual Assessment Report-2018 Page 3 of 66
    ECMWF COPERNICUS REPORT Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Interim Annual Assessment Report for 2018 European air quality in 2018 Issued by: NILU /Leonor TARRASON Date: 19/08/2019 Ref: CAMS71_2019SC1_D1.1.1.-2018_201908_IAR2018V2 This document has been produced in the context of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). The activities leading to these results have been contracted by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, operator of CAMS on behalf of the European Union (Delegation Agreement signed on 11/11/2014). All information in this document is provided "as is" and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability. For the avoidance of all doubts, the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts has no liability in respect of this document, which is merely representing the authors view. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Contributors NILU Leonor Tarrasón Paul David Hamer Cristina Guerreiro INERIS Frederik Meleux Laurence Rouïl CAMS71_2019SC1_D1.1.1._2018 – Interim Annual Assessment Report-2018 Page 3 of 66 Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service CAMS71_2019SC1_D1.1.1._2018 – Interim Annual Assessment Report-2018 Page 4 of 66 Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Table of Contents 1. Introduction 9 2. Air Quality Indicators in 2018 12 2.1 Ozone in 2018 12 2.1.1 Meteorological Characterisation 12 2.1.2 Ozone Health Indicators 14 2.1.3 Ozone Vegetation Indicator 17 2.2 Nitrogen Dioxide in 2018 19 2.2.1 Seasonal Variations 19 2.2.2 Nitrogen Dioxide Health Indicators 19 2.3 PM10 in 2018 22 2.3.1 Meteorological Characterization 22 2.3.2 PM10 Health Indicators 24 2.4 PM2.5 in 2018 26 2.4.1 Meteorological Characterization 26 2.4.2 PM2.5 Health indicators 27 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Biometeorology of Heatwaves and Warm Extremes in Europe
    atmosphere Review Review of Biometeorology of Heatwaves and Warm Extremes in Europe Biljana Basarin 1,*, Tin Luki´c 1,2 and Andreas Matzarakis 3,4 1 Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi´ca3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] 2 Department of Geospatial Bases of Environment, Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 3 Research Centre Human Biometeorology, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Stefan-Meier-Str. 4, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; [email protected] 4 Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr. 10, 79085 Freiburg, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +381-63594236 Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 24 November 2020; Published: 26 November 2020 Abstract: Numerous extreme heatwaves producing large impacts on human health, agriculture, water resources, energy demand, regional economies, and forest ecosystems occurred during the first twenty years of the 21st century. The present study strives to provide a systematic review of recent studies of warm biometeorological extremes in Europe. The main aim of this paper is to provide a methodical summary of the observed changes in warm extremes, duration, and variability in different parts of Europe. During the last decade, much attention has been paid to the negative impacts of heat and humidity on human health. Therefore, the human biometeorology is required to appraise the human thermal environment in a way that human thermoregulation is taken into account. In many European countries and regions, future heat exposure will indeed exceed critical levels, and a steep increase in biometeorological heatwaves and warm extremes are expected.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Europe, 1531–1540 CE: the Driest Summer Decade of the Past Five Centuries?
    https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-92 Preprint. Discussion started: 20 July 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Central Europe, 1531–1540 CE: The driest summer decade of the past five centuries? Rudolf Brázdil1,2, Petr Dobrovolný1,2, Martin Bauch3, Chantal Camenisch4,5, Andrea Kiss6,7, 5 Oldřich Kotyza8, Piotr Oliński9, Ladislava Řezníčková1,2 1Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 2Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic 3Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Leipzig, Germany 10 4Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 5Institute of History, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 6Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria 7Department of Historical Auxiliary Sciences, Institute of History, University of Szeged, 15 Hungary 8Regional Museum, Litoměřice, Czech Republic 9Institute of History and Archival Sciences, University of Toruń, Poland Correspondence to: Rudolf Brázdil ([email protected]) 20 Abstract. Based on three drought indices (SPI, SPEI, Z-index) reconstructed from the documentary evidence and instrumental records, the summers of 1531–1540 were identified as the driest summer decade during the 1501–2015 period in the Czech Lands. Based on documentary data, extended from the Czech scale to central Europe, dry patterns of various 25 intensities (represented, for example, by dry spells, low numbers of precipitation days, very low rivers and drying-out of water sources) occurred in 1532, 1534–1536, 1538 and particularly 1540, broken by wetter or normal patterns in 1531, 1533, 1537 and 1539.
    [Show full text]
  • Sqe Swi V3 2018
    Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 29.03.2019 Issue: I1.00 Copernicus Global Land Operations “Vegetation and Energy” ”CGLOPS-1” Framework Service Contract N° 199494 (JRC) SCIENTIFIC QUALITY EVALUATION 2018 SOIL WATER INDEX VERSION 3.0 Issue I1.00 Organization name of lead contractor for this deliverable: TU Wien Book Captain: Bernhard Bauer-Marschallinger (TU Wien) Contributing Authors: Tobias Stachl (TU Wien) Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 25.03.2019 Issue: I1.00 Dissemination Level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Document-No. CGLOPS1_SQE-SWIV3-2018 © C-GLOPS Lot1 consortium Issue: I1.00 Date: 25.03.2019 Page: 2 of 77 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 25.03.2019 Issue: I1.00 Document Release Sheet Book captain: Bernhard Bauer-Marschallinger Sign Date 25.03.2019 Approval: Roselyne Lacaze Sign Date 29.03.2019 Endorsement: Michael Cherlet Sign Date Distribution: Public Document-No. CGLOPS1_SQE-SWIV3-2018 © C-GLOPS Lot1 consortium Issue: I1.00 Date: 25.03.2019 Page: 3 of 77 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 25.03.2019 Issue: I1.00 Change Record Issue/Rev Date Page(s) Description of Change Release 25.03.2019 All First issue I1.00 Document-No. CGLOPS1_SQE-SWIV3-2018 © C-GLOPS Lot1 consortium Issue: I1.00 Date: 25.03.2019 Page: 4 of 77 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 25.03.2019 Issue: I1.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Text (Pdf)
    No. C 586 April 2021 The vulnerability of northern European vegetation to ozone damage in a changing climate An assessment based on current knowledge Per Erik Karlsson, Håkan Pleijel*, Camilla Andersson**, Robert Bergström**, Magnuz Engardt###, Aud Eriksen***, Stefanie Falk#, Jenny Klingberg####, Joakim Langner**, Sirkku Manninen##, Frode Stordal#, Hans Tømmervik¤. Ane Vollsnes*** In cooperation with * University of Gothenburg, ** Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, *** Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, #Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, ##Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, ### SLB-analys, Stockholm, Sweden, ####Gothenburg Botanical Garden, ¤The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Authors: Per Erik Karlsson, Håkan Pleijel, Camilla Andersson, Robert Bergström, Magnuz Engardt, Aud Eriksen, Stefanie Falk, Jenny Klingberg, Joakim Langner, Sirkku Manninen, Frode Stordal, Hans Tømmervik. Ane Vollsnes Funded by: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Photographer: Per Erik Karlsson Report number C 586 ISBN 978-91-7883-270-5 Edition Only available as PDF for individual printing © IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute 2021 IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. P.O Box 210 60, S-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden Phone +46-(0)10-788 65 00 // www.ivl.se This report has been reviewed and approved in accordance with IVL's audited and approved management system. Preface This report describes an assessment of the potential vulnerability of far northern European vegetation to ozone damage in a changing climate. This assessment has been made within the framework of the research program “Swedish Clean Air and Climate Research Programme, phase 2”, financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Furthermore, results from several other ongoing research projects in the Nordic countries have contributed to the results presented and conclusions made in this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Cross-Chapter Case Studies
    From the report accepted by Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change but not approved in detail Cross-chapter case studies Cross-chapter case study citation: These cross-chapter case studies collect together material from the chapters of the underlying report. A roadmap showing the location of this material is provided in the Introduction to the report. When referencing partial material from within a specific case study, please cite the chapter in which it originally appears. When referencing a whole case study, please cite as: Parry, M.L., O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., 2007: Cross-chapter case study. In: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 843-868. Cross-chapter case studies Table of Contents C1 The impact of the European 2003 C.3 Megadeltas: their vulnerabilities to ..............................................................845 ....................................................858 heatwave climate change C1.1 Scene-setting and overview ....................................845 C3.1 Introduction.............................................................858 C1.1.1 The European heatwave of 2003 .....................845 C3.1.1 Deltas and megadeltas: hotspots for C1.2 Impacts on sectors ..................................................845 vulnerability......................................................858
    [Show full text]
  • European Press Coverage of Cities' Adaptation to Heatwaves And
    Dr. Isidro JIMÉNEZ-GÓMEZ Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Spain. [email protected] Dr. Samuel MARTIN-SOSA-RODRÍGUEZ Universidad de Salamanca. Spain. [email protected] European Press Coverage of Cities' Adaptation to Heatwaves and Climate Change Cobertura en la prensa europea de la adaptación de las ciudades a las olas de calor y al cambio climático Dates | Received: 31/08/2020 - Reviewed: 28/11/2020 - In press: 01/12/2020 - Published: 01/12/2021 Abstract Resumen In recent years, European cities have suffered from Las ciudades europeas están sufriendo en los intense heatwaves which have been últimos años intensas olas de calor, favorecidas exacerbated by climate change. The city is not por el cambio climático. La ciudad es a la vez only one of the major contributors to greenhouse uno de los grandes contribuyentes a las emisiones gas emissions but also an important agent for de gases de efecto invernadero, pero también climate change adaptation and mitigation. This un espacio clave para la adaptación y study analyses how European cities are mitigación del cambio climático. Este estudio represented in 393 news items about the aborda de qué forma las ciudades europeas son heatwaves suffered in the months of June 2017 representadas en 393 noticias periodísticas sobre and 2019. We analyse the coverage of 19 las olas de calor sufridas durante los meses de newspapers in France, the United Kingdom, Italy, junio de 2017 y 2019. Para ello se analiza la Portugal and Spain. The results show the country to cobertura de 19 periódicos de Francia, Reino be the most decisive variable in the rigour and Unido, Italia, Portugal y España.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Contrasting Effects of the Exceptional 2015 Drought on the Carbon Dynamics in Two Norway Spruce Forest Ecosystems
    atmosphere Article Assessing the Contrasting Effects of the Exceptional 2015 Drought on the Carbon Dynamics in Two Norway Spruce Forest Ecosystems Caleb Mensah 1,2,3,* , Ladislav Šigut 1 , Milan Fischer 1,2 , Lenka Foltýnová 1, Georg Jocher 1, Manuel Acosta 1, Natalia Kowalska 1, Lukáš Kokrda 1, Marian Pavelka 1, John David Marshall 1, Emmanuel K. Nyantakyi 3 and Michal V. Marek 1,4 1 Department of Matter and Energy and Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Belidla˘ 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] (L.Š.); fi[email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (G.J.); [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (L.K.); [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (J.D.M.); [email protected] (M.V.M.) 2 Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zem˘ edelskᢠ1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic 3 Earth Observation Research and Innovation Centre, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani P.O. Box 214, Ghana; [email protected] 4 Department of Spatial Planning, Institute of Management, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia Citation: Mensah, C.; Šigut, L.; * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-608-294-420 Fischer, M.; Foltýnová , L.; Jocher, G.; Acosta, M.; Kowalska, N.; Kokrda, L.; Abstract: The occurrence of extreme drought poses a severe threat to forest ecosystems and reduces Pavelka, M.; Marshall, J.D.; et al.
    [Show full text]