Vesna Stankov Jovanović*,University of Niš, Faculty of Science
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Пиротски зборник, бр. 43, 141-164 УДК: 633.88 DOI: 10.5937/pirotzbor1843141S изворни рад original work Vesna Stankov Jovanović*, University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry Andrija Šmelcerović, University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy Mirjana Smiljić, University of Priština temporarily settled in Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology Marija Ilić, University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry Marija Marković, University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology Весна Станков Јовановић, Универзитет у Нишу, Природно- математички факултет, Департман за хемију Андрија Шмелцеровић, Универзитет у Нишу, Медицински факултет, Департман за фармацију Мирјана Смиљић, Универзитет у Приштини са привремним седиштем у Косовској Митровици, Природно-математички факултет, Департман за биологију Марија Илић, Универзитет у Нишу, Природно-математички факултет, Департман за хемију Марија Марковић, Универзитет у Нишу, Природно-математички факултет, Департман за биологију и екологију ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL APPLICATION OF ST. JOHN’S WORT IN PIROT COUNTY ЕТНОФАРМАКОЛОШКА ПРИМЕНА КАНТАРИОНА У ПИРОТСКОМ ОКРУГУ Abstract: St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a perennial herbaceous plant, which is often used as a medicinal plant among our people for various applications (wound healing, antiseptic, mild sedative, etc.). The focus of this research was the use of St. John’s wort in ethnomedicine and ethnoveterinary medicine based on surveys among the population of Pirot County. The survey * [email protected] 141 V. Stankov Jovanović et al: Ethnopharmacological application... Пиротски зборник 43 (2018) 141-164 included four municipalities: Pirot, Babušnica, Bela Palanka and Dimitro- vgrad. It was noticed that St. John’s wort represents the best known medicinal plant species in Pirot County, and is usually used externally in the form of St. John’s oil (Oleum Hyperici) for the treatment of wounds and burns. Сажетак: Kантарион (Hypericum perforatum) jе вишегодишња зељаста биљка, која се у нашем народу често користи као лековита за различи- те врсте обољења (за зарастање рана, као антисептик, благ седатив итд). У овом раду биће речи о примени кантариона у етномедицини и етноветерини на основу анкетирања становништва у Пиротском окру- гу. Анкетирањем су обухваћене четири општине: Пирот, Бабушница, Бела Паланка и Димитровград. Забележено је да је кантарион најпозна- тија лековита биљна врста у Пиротском округу, а најчешће има спо- љашњу употребу у виду кантарионовог уља (Oleum Hyperici) за лечење рана и опекотина. Кeywords: St. John’s wort, medicinal plant, Pirot Кључне речи: кантарион, лековита биљка, Пирот Acknowledgements: This work is a result of the project „Etnopharmacological study of Southeastern Serbia region“. Supported by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The authors owe special gratitude to academician dr Dragoslav Marinković, head of the project. INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants constitute about 10% of the total flora of Serbia. They contain various compounds, products of metabolism or active ingredients used as medicines or as raw materials for medicaments (Stevanović and Vasić, 1995, p. 247). In the subregion of Pirot, a list of 93 medicinal plants was made by Randjelović et al. (1991), while on the limestone massif of the mountain Vidlič 60 medicinal plants, rich in essential oils, were noticed (Markov- ić, Pavlović-Muratspahić, Matović, Marković & Stankov-Jovanović, 2009). In the Pirot County, that includes four municipalities (Pirot, Babušni- ca, Bela Palanka and Dimitrovgrad) the presence of 324 plant species was noticed, that are considered as officinal or used in the folk medicine (Marković et al, 2010). 142 V. Stankov Jovanović et al: Ethnopharmacological application... Пиротски зборник 43 (2018) 141-164 St. John’s wort (Hypericum performatum L.) is a perennial, leafy, medicinal plant, characterized by a very wide ecological amplitude, which means that it grows in different conditions of the surrounding environment. It is represented in various types of oak forests, in silt, in meadows and pastures, forest clearing, fire sites, etc. The stem is 20-100 cm high, with a spiked root and stem, which is usually at the top of the bran (Стјепановић, 1972, p. 118). The leaves of the surface have many clear or black spots, so they look like they are perforated. The flowers are golden yellow in a wide, broad, tattered bloom. It blooms from June to August. St. John’s wort has always been appreciated and used externally against cuts, burns, hemorrhoids, for wound healing and as an antiseptic, and internally for the liver, stomach, diarrhea, for respiratory diseases and digestive organs for the treatment of stomach ulcers, as a mild sedative (Сарић, 1989, pp. 315-317). It contains hypericin, flavonoids, tannins, essential oils, antibiotic compounds. The aerial part of the plant in the flower is used (Hyperici herba). МАТЕRIAL AND METHODS Research in the Pirot County was carried out during 2017. in the form of a population survey, to determine how many respondents are familiar with the application of medicinal plants in ethnopharmacology (etnomedicine and etnoveterinary medicine). The questionnaire about knowledge and use of herbs included inhabitants of 144 villages of the Pirot County, of which 65 villages in the municipality of Pirot, 37 villages in the municipality of Bela Palanka, 25 villages in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad and 32 villages in the municipality of Babušnica. A total of 631 people were surveyed, of which 337 were male, and 294 female, age range 16-88. The survey results on the knowledge and use of medicinal plants were systematized using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp, WA, USA) and presented in Table 1 according to the alphabetical order of the villages in the four municipalities. The following information was entered in the columns: – gender of interviewed respondents, – age of respondents, 143 V. Stankov Jovanović et al: Ethnopharmacological application... Пиротски зборник 43 (2018) 141-164 – village of residence, – municipality (Pirot, Bela Palanka, Dimitrovgrad or Babušnica), – the traditional name of the medicinal plant species that the re- spondent knows and uses, – latin name of the medicinal plant species that the respondent knows and uses, – indication if the medicinal plant species is used in ethnomedicine or in ethnoveterinary medicine, – part of the plant that is used, – the form in which the medicinal plant is used, – application of the medicinal plant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on the results of the survey, it was found that the population of Pirot County is familiar with 192 medicinal plants, which are used for various medicinal purposes in ethnomedicine (4754 entries) and ethnoveterinary medicine (205 entries). The best known and most widely used medicinal plant in the County is St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), which was mentioned by 571 respondents (90.5%). Table 1 gives an overview of the survey results of ethno-pharmaphological application of St. John’s wort in Pirot County. Table 1 Overview of the survey results of Pirot County population about the application of St. John’s wort in ethnomedicine (ЕМ) and ethnoveterinary medicine (ЕV). Municipality Village sex age form application Pirot Barje Čiflik M 63 oil for wounds and burns (ЕМ) Pirot Barje Čiflik M 38 oil for wounds and burns (ЕM) Pirot Barje Čiflik M 17 oil for wounds and burns (ЕМ) Pirot Barje Čiflik F 39 oil for wounds and burns (ЕМ) Pirot Barje Čiflik M 68 oil for wounds and burns (ЕМ) stomach ulcer and duodenal Pirot Barje Čiflik F 75 tea ulcer (ЕМ) prevention against the disease, Pirot Bazovik F 63 tea instead of coffee (ЕМ) 144 V. Stankov Jovanović et al: Ethnopharmacological application... Пиротски зборник 43 (2018) 141-164 Pirot Bela M 57 tea against colds (ЕМ) Pirot Berilovac M 45 tea for digestion (ЕМ) Pirot Berilovac M 45 oil for wounds (ЕМ) prevention against the dis- Pirot Berilovac M 83 tea ease, instead of coffee (ЕМ) for stomach illness (sick in Pirot Berilovac M 76 tea the stomach) (ЕМ) Pirot Berilovac M 60 tea against cough (ЕМ) Pirot Berilovac M 70 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Berilovac M 62 oil for burns (ЕМ) to strengthen the organism Pirot Blato M 59 tea (ЕМ) Pirot Blato M 59 tea against diarrhea (EV) Pirot Blato M 59 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Blato F 58 tea for stomach (ЕМ) Pirot Blato F 58 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Brlog F 37 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Brlog F 77 tea for upset stomach (ЕМ) Pirot Brlog M 64 tea for metabolism (ЕМ) Pirot Brlog M 64 tea for stomach (ЕМ) Pirot Brlog M 64 oil for burns (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja M 63 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja M 77 tea for stomach (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja M 77 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja M 62 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja M 62 oil for hemorrhoids (ЕМ) against inflammation of the Pirot Velika Lukanja F 58 tea female genital organs (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja F 58 tea for stomach diseases (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja M 80 tea against anemia (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja F 74 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Velika Lukanja F 74 tea kidney disease (ЕМ) Pirot Veliki Jovanovac F 55 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Veliki Jovanovac M 72 tea against colds (ЕМ) Pirot Veliki Jovanovac M 41 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Veliki Suvodol M 56 oil for wounds (ЕМ) Pirot Veliki Suvodol M 56 tea as tranquilizer (ЕМ) 145 V. Stankov Jovanović et al: Ethnopharmacological application... Пиротски зборник 43 (2018) 141-164