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Queen Rearing Simplified

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Queen Rearing Simplified m s l:/ I, J !l ^.-, x^ \ "mmmmwm- Qlifp i. 1. Hill iGtbrara 5Jiirth Qlarolina ^tatp (ToUpap SF525 S55 ^ S00314368 P >n V This book may be kept out TWO WEEKi ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a day thereafter. It is due on the day indicated below: JUL 2 3 980 230- Po./ SEP 311^ jAN 4 1984 M^ 2 a 1954 50M—May-54—Form Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from NCSU Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/queenrearingsimpOOsmit Tilts book is dedicated to my full pm'tner — my wife. QUEEN REARING SIMPLIFIED BY JAY SMITH ytt^^^T- Vuhluhed hy THE A. 1. ROO'I" COMPANY MEDINA. OHIO 1923 CopyriKlit. I !»!!:!. liy 'I'he A. I. Root ('(iin|ian.v Made ill II. S. A. CHAPTERS. riiiijitcr T. • liii|p()rt,uice of (jotxl Queens. Chapter II. —Conditions Under Wliicli tlie Bees Re;ir Queens. Chapter III. —Queen Rearing for the Small Beekeeper. Cliapter IV. —Rejiring Queens on a Large Scale. Chapter V. — Dipping Cells. Chapter VI. —Royal Jelly. Chapter VII. —The Swarm Bo.v. Chapter VIII. —Getting the Bees in Condition for Cell-Buildinj Chapter IX. —Cell-Finishing Colonies. Chapter X. —Filling the Swarm Box. Chapter XI. —Grafting the Cell Cups, Cliapter XII. —Emptying the Swarm Box. Cliapter XIIT. —The Pritchard Forced Cell-Starting Colony. Cliapter XIV. —Our Daily Program. Chapter XV. —Nucleus Hives. Cliapter XVI. —Virgin or Cell Introduction. Chapter XVI r. —Cell Introduction. Chapter XVIII. —Why Nuclei Tear Down Cells. Cliapter XIX. —Forming Nuclei. Chapter XX. —Misfortunes of the Queen-breeder. Chapter XXI. —Records for the Nucleus Hives. Chapter XXII. —Care of Nuclei. Chapter XXIII. —Mailing Cages. Chapter XXIV. —Queen Candy. Chapter XXV. —Caging Queens. Chapter XXVI. —Clipping Queens' Wings. Chapter XXVTI. —Introducing Queens. Chapter XXVIII. —Disposing of Nuclei at Close of Season. Cliapter XXIX. —Care of Combs. Chapter XXX. —Supplementary Topics. Chapter XXXI. —Requeening Colonies About to Swarm. Chapter XXXII. —Feeding and Feeders. Chapter XXXIII. —Requeening to Cure American Foul Brood. Chapter XXXIV. —Finishing Cells in Queenless Colonies. Cliapter XXXV. —Cell-Building During a Heavy Honey Flow. Cliapter XXXVI. —The Quality of Queens. ("•apter XXXVH. —Drones. Chapter XXXVIII.—More Than One Queen in a Hive. Chapter XXXtX. —When to Requeen. Cliapter XL. —Commercial Queen-Rearing. INTRODUCTION. For several ye<ars past there has been a growing interest in Queen- rearing, as more beekeepers are coming to recognize the important part the queen phiys in beekeeping. I have been receiving a hu-ge amount of cor- respondence on the subject of Queen-rearing from beekeepei's wishing for detailed information on the subject. Their many questions have prompted me to attempt this book, and to explain such points as are not clear to those interested in Queen-rearing. To assist the honey ])roducer in learing his own queens is my primary obiect: but I also describe methods adapted to the aaiateur as well as the couunercial queen-breeder. To the beginner in beekeeping, however, I would recommend a careful study of one or more of the following books on gen- eral beekeeping before taking up this work: "The ABC and X Y Z of Bee Culture" (Root), -'Beekeeping" (Phillips), "Starting Right With Bees (Rowe), "Langstroth on the Honey Bee'' (Dadant), "Fifty Years Among the Bees" (Miller). In addition to bee books one should read all articles in the bee journals by able writers and especially those written by Geo. S. Demuth, who is now generally recognized as our highest author- ity on beekeeping. For a description of different methods of Queen-rearirg read Pellett's "Practical Queen Rearing." In presenting this \olume to the beekeeping public, nothing radically new or revolutionary is offered. The system described has been taken from many sources, so it is impossible to give credit to all who have contributed through their books and their writings to our bee journals. More is due to Mr. G. M. Doolittle than any other, for to him we owe the invention of artificial cell cups and the art of gi'afting. I shall deal mainly with the successes I have had and not with the failures. I have two reasons for doing this. One is, that almost any bee- keeper has failures without having to refer to a text-book on the subject; and the second is, that I wish to keep this book within modest dimensions. If I should chronicle all of my failures, a book so voluminous would result that a Webster's Unabridged might look like a vest-pocket edition in com- parison. The object of this book, then, is not to present many new methods but to place before the reader, with the aid of the camera, such methods with variations as I have used for twenty-one years, and to describe them in detail so that any one wishing to rear queens can succeed, and, if failure comes, he may refer to this book, and find the cause of it. Many have reported indifferent success with the grafting method of queen-rearing. Upon investigation, it was frequently found they had carefully followed all of the rules laid down with one or ttco exceptions. These very excep- tions brought tlie failure. I hojie this book may be of help to such. Frankly, I do not know whether it will or not. The reader must be the judge. Again, if this little volume interests some overworked business or professional man or w-oman, and, through it, pleasure and re<Meation are gained, and he is thus better able to meet some of the harsher things of life, I shall consider my efforts have not been in vain. Viii.-.-.m.-<. Iii.li:m.i. (».i..l...i :,. I!l2:;. .I\Y SMITH. IMPORTANCE OF GOOD QUEENS. CHAPTER T. In view of what lias been said by the writers in the past, it would hardly seem necessary, if the best results are to be obtained in honey pro- duction, to call attention to the importanfe of havini:- every colony headed by a good, prolific Italian queen. You will note that I say a good Ualum queen. Beekeepers are prac- tically unanimous in the opinion that the Italian bees are much superior to Blacks in nearly all respects. They are better workers, swarai less, are more gentle and are much superior in cleaning out European foul brood. Unfortunately the black bee was introduced into the United States over two hundred years before the Italian, and therefore the Blacks have become pretty Avell established in all parts of our country. They are now found wild in trees and rocks in every state from coast to coast, and in many parts of Canada. Consequently, one very good reason why the honey pro- ducer should rear his own queens is to get rid of the black bees and hj^brids. Every beekeeper concedes the point that each colony must be headed by a good prolific queen, and all writers on the subject have emphasized it in the strongest terms, yet in truth very few of us fully realize the im- portance of good queens. Put yourself to this test. When the season is over and you are taking off the honey, notice how much more honey some colonies produce than others. Then get out your pencil and paper, and figaire how much more money you would have made if all colonies had made as much honey as the best. The results are frequently startling. Then remember that there is positively no one element that contributes to the production of these big- yields as much as good ijoinui queens. After you have these results tabu- lated, consider whether or not it would pay you to rear your own (pieens and become an expert at it, or have some members of the family oi- linn take uj) this most inii)ortant branch of beekeeping. Our best authorities are agreed that there is not so much difference in the inherent honey-getting ability of the different colonies as there is in the condition of these colonies; that is, they produce large honey crops be- cause the conditions within the hives are ideal. There were plenty of > onng bees and brood at exactly the right time. These colonies seemed to devote all of their energy to honey-getting. They did not loaf. Tiiey did not swarm. They just uorked, and these conditions were brought about by the fact that these colonies had good young queens,' and not because they had inherited any exceptional traits or were constitutionally superior. That there is a difference in the honey-getting ability of different colonies is not denie<l; but it is ditlicult, indeed, to be able to i)rove that the reason a colony niaile the lariicst sur]>Ius was due to natural ability rather than to the condition within the liive. D. H. HIU LIBRARY IMPOHTAXCE OF GOOD QUEENS.—Chapter I. Therefore, it is no easy matter for the honey producer to pick out the !)ost (luecn, since it may be the opportunity tliat the queen had, rather .han her natural ability. How, then, are you to select your breeding- queen? First, be careful to see that conditions are the same in all colonies, and that the queens are of the same age. Then select the queen that has the most desirable qualities, such as prolificness and vigor, and whose bees are jzentle, of pure blood, good honey-getters, showing little inclination to swarm. Years ago I endeavored to breed up a honey strain by simply using ns a breeder the queen whose bees produced the largest yield.
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