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Medlines a Biannual Publication from the College of Medical and Dental Sciences Spring/Summer 2012 Medlines A biannual publication from the College of Medical and Dental Sciences Cell therapy at Birmingham Liver unit leads way in new clinical trials Inside this issue: Campaign for antibiotic research; Urine test for cancer; Brain vulnerable to Hepatitis C virus 2 Welcome News in Brief Breast cancer trial results A major UK trial led by the University has produced firm evidence that giving radiotherapy between or during chemotherapy cycles to women with early breast cancer significantly reduces the risk of the cancer recurring in the breast or chest wall. The treatment, known as synchronous chemoradiation, has minimal adverse side- effects and no detrimental effect on patients’ quality of life. Findings from the SEquencing of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Adjuvant Breast cancer (SECRAB) study – which was carried out at 48 centres in the UK and is Welcome the largest study to investigate the treatment – were presented in Stockholm, to delegates The Medical School can trace its history back to 1825; 75 years at the 2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress. before the University of Birmingham received its Royal Charter. Researchers unite to fight TB A blue plaque by the House of Fraser Dame Hilda Lloyd – a pioneer and role model Academics from the School of Biosciences department store in Birmingham city centre in so many different ways. Our commitment to are joining forces with peers from the Indian marks the original site of the Medical School promoting science and to inspiring the next Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISc) in a new and commemorates its founder, William Sands generation of researchers is endorsed by the research partnership focused on tackling Cox. A surgeon by training, Sands Cox was also recent appointment of Alice Roberts to a Chair tuberculosis (TB). The research will take a a charismatic educationalist who had the vision in Public Engagement in Science. Alice is an novel approach in studying the biology of to see beyond his own discipline. His obituary extremely enthusiastic advocate for the teaching Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium published in the BMJ on 1 January 1876 states: of clinical anatomy, and we have already roped that causes TB, with the aim of developing ‘He was full of enthusiasm for surgery, an her into some activity within the College! The new treatments and diagnostics. accurate anatomist, a fluent lecturer, and a reputation and respect of the College in the brilliant operator. He had a kindly manner, and wider community is evidenced by our continued TB remains at epidemic levels worldwide he took a warm personal interest in the welfare success in winning highly competitive research and rates are especially high in the Indian of his pupils.’ Inspired by our founder, we awards and by our ability to attract the very best subcontinent despite recent advances in the continue to provide our students with a speakers to various events. The fact that Dame understanding of the biology of the causative distinctive, high quality experience and to ensure Sally Davies, the Chief Medical Officer, selected agent. Until recently, techniques used to that each individual is able to develop through her Vice-Chancellor’s Distinguished Lecture to combat TB largely remained the same as their own experiences and growing professional give her first public address on public health is those used in the last century including the interests. Key to this is the role of mentors and no coincidence. Dame Sally is a strong vaccine, choice of therapeutic drugs and role models. supporter of the College and recognises the diagnosis methods. enormous opportunities we have to make a real Apart from Sands Cox, we have an illustrious difference to healthcare in the UK and beyond. Bowel cancer erectile risk history of outstanding clinicians and scientists and have recently highlighted this by dividing our The history of our Medical School and University Men suffering from bowel cancer are prone to medical students into four house groups named reflects the proud heritage of Birmingham and erectile dysfunction (ED) following treatment, after our eminent forebears – William Withering, the foresight of our predecessors to create a yet most do not receive enough information J Sampson Gamgee, Robert Lawson Tait and ‘great centre of healing, of teaching and of about the condition, according to a study by University of Birmingham cancer experts. Hilda Lloyd. While these individuals symbolise research’ – a quote from a book about the our proud heritage, it is our current staff and history of the University published in 1947. Men are more likely to develop bowel cancer alumni that form the community of support for Together we continue this tradition. and many will suffer from ED after treatment, our students and also sustain our commitment report the authors, led by Professor Sue to world leading research. Wilson, of the Cancer and Chronic Disease Team in the Department of Primary Care This issue of Medlines highlights the impact of and Clinical Sciences. individuals on the life of the College of Medical Lawrence S. Young and Dental Sciences. We initiate a series of Pro-Vice Chancellor and Head of College The study authors conclude that the wide history of medicine articles with a piece about of Medical and Dental Sciences diversity of this patient group calls for greater coordination of care and consistent strategies Front cover shows Nucleus of liver cell. to tackle unmet needs. News 3 Microbiologist spearheads campaign for antibiotic research A University of Birmingham microbiologist The World Health Organisation has is championing a major campaign calling for described antibiotic resistance as ‘one of urgent new investment in antibiotic research. the three greatest threats to human health’. Professor Laura Piddock is leading Antibiotic Professor Piddock and other microbiology Action (AA), a global initiative by the British experts briefed MPs and journalists at the Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy House of Commons before presenting a (BSAC) to highlight the threat to world petition signed by thousands of supporters health from multi-drug resistant bacteria calling for renewed investment to the Prime and lobby for urgent action to develop Minister at 10 Downing Street. Professor Laura Piddock new antimicrobial treatments. The University is at the forefront of intense ‘Twenty-first century medicine is very different The BSAC, which recently published collaborative research efforts to explore how from when antibiotics were first developed The Urgent Need report outlining its bacteria become antibiotic resistant and 70 years ago,’ she says. ‘If we want effective mission to resurrect antibacterial drug to identify potential new drug compounds cancer or transplant treatments we have to research, believes the world is facing an and combinations to combat resistance. be able to treat the modern infections those unprecedented crisis characterised by Birmingham’s strength in this area lies in patients often develop. Many patients spend the emergence of diseases caused by understanding antimicrobial resistance time in ICUs or have longer stays in hospital NDM-1 producing E. coli and multi-drug and how bacteria infect the host, explains and are therefore exposed to drug-resistant resistant gonorrhoea. Professor Piddock. bacteria.’ for the 20 per cent of couples needing help to TV ‘sperm race’ helps to conceive. In the programme we demonstrate that it is this swimming ability as opposed to unlock mysteries of procreation sperm count that matters. Through experiments like those in the programme University of University of Birmingham reproductive medicine reaches the ‘finishing line’ in the third and final Birmingham research focuses on how to expert Dr Jackson Kirkman-Brown invited a episode of the documentary, part of the Sex improve how sperm swim to help people group of male students to take part in an Season on BBC3. The UoB research team conceive, but also to stop it as a novel experimental ‘Sperm Race’ to explore what it were selected as international leaders in contraceptive.’ takes to be the best out of millions in a BBC3 understanding how a human sperm is selected documentary How Sex Works. and swims through the female tract. Five obliging young men aged 19–25 rose to The series has explored the processes that the challenge, providing samples that were culminate in procreation, the ultimate function of Willetts visit ‘raced’ through an appropriate clinical medium sex, observing what happens during key stages at Dr Kirkman-Brown’s state-of-the-art University of sex from the physiological, neurological and laboratories. After a nerve-wracking wait, the psychological perspectives. results were analysed over a friendly pint in a campus bar to show whose sperm had the best Dr Kirkman-Brown commented: ‘Human sperm motility (swimming ability), whose was fastest swim the equivalent distance of climbing Mount and whose deposit contained the most! Everest through the female tract to reach the egg. The inability of an individual sperm to swim The unusual experiment helped to illustrate the and find the egg is probably the largest, but epic struggle that faces a solitary sperm that least well-defined cause of fertility problems NICE pregnancy guidance David Willetts, Minister for Universities and Science, talks to Professor Lawrence A University foetal medicine expert has helped to shape new advice from NICE on antenatal care Young, Head of the College of Medical for women pregnant with twins or triplets. Professor Mark Kilby says the new guideline charts and Dental Sciences, and Dr Jane Steele, the way forward for managing multiple pregnancy in the NHS. Director of the Human Biomaterials Research Centre, during a visit to The guideline says that women carrying twins or triplets should receive specialist care from an the centre in February. Based in the experienced multidisciplinary team to avoid higher than necessary rates of assisted birth and Department of Pathology, the centre caesarean section, and so they receive appropriate neonatal risk assessment before birth.
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