P2JW081000-4-C00700-1------XA

Voyage of Mercy Gresham’s Law USS Jamestown A life of the and the starving poor brilliant banker to of Ireland C9 Queen Elizabeth I C8

READ ONLINE AT WSJ.COM/BOOKSHELF BOTHE WALLOKSTREET JOURNAL. S**** Saturday/Sunday, March21-22, 2020 | C7 A Dandy Among The Azande

The Anthropological Lens By Christopher Morton Oxford,226 pages,$40

BY ADAM KUPER

.E.EVANS-PRITCHARD wasalegendary ethnographer of colonial African societies and a masterly interpreter of EAfrican magic and religion. Between 1926 and 1939 he made aseries of field studies in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. These were his gloryyearsas an ethnographic explorer.Healso published, between 1937 and 1956, four of the 20th century’smost influential ethnographic monographs and several hundred research reports and theoretical papers. Part of Evans-Pritchard’senduring appeal is his style.CliffordGeertz, a leading American anthropologist— and no mean stylist himself—judged that “therehas been no greater master” of the “OxbridgeSenior Common Room” tone,instancing Evans- Pritchard’s laconic Arevaluation of comment on his deploy- a great Oxford ment as a ethnographer guerrilla and interpreter officer in Sudan during of African (2) World WarII: magic and “This was religion. just what I HIGHSMITH wanted and M.

OL what Icould

CAR do,for Ihad made researches in the HOME WORK The Farnsworth House’s windows were the largest sheets of plate glass then available—but fogged up all too frequently. Southern Sudan forsome yearsand spokewith ease some of its languages.” Then thereisthe mode that Geertz dubs Akobo realism: “I started with my forceoffifteen Anuak forthe upper Akobo.Wegot through Let the Outside In the swamps and high grasses with the utmost difficulty.Ireceived awarm Edith Farnsworth abandoned a career as a violinist to study medicine. She was 42, welcome from the inhabitantsofthese unmarried and successful when she convinced Mies van der Rohe to build her a house. upstream villages forthey remembered me well from my earlier visit.” All this—the fieldwork,the books, Broken Glass Beam, acolumnist forthe Boston Globe way that the Parthenon is adistillation the style—has been subjected to By AlexBeam and the author of several nonfiction of ancient Greek temple architecture. abundant commentary. In “The Random House, 337pages,$28 books, is not an architecturecritic or As the design evolved, the architect- Anthropological Lens: Rethinking E.E. historian, butthat is all to the good. client relationship developed intoaclose Evans-Pritchard,” Christopher Morton BY WITOLD RYBCZYNSKI “Broken Glass” is an engrossing in-depth friendship,and most likely abrief ro- introduces anovel perspective. His narrativeofhow the human interaction mance. In 1947,amodel of the house was source forthis book is the archiveof HE MOST CELEBRATED between client and architect produced featuredinaone-man exhibition of some 2,600 fieldwork photographs that midcenturymodern house afamous house.Mies vander Rohe was Mies’swork at the Museum of Modern Evans-Pritcharddonated to Oxford in the United Statesisthe one of the most influential architectsof Art, although construction did not begin University’s Pitt RiversMuseum, where Farnsworth House outside the 20th century, and Mr.Beam provides until two yearslater.The delaywas Mr.Morton is the curator of photo- Plano,Ill., designed by an exceptionally perceptivecharacter partly the result of steel rationing,partly graph and manuscript collections. TLudwig Mies vander Rohe in 1945.The study of this complexand oftenimpene- because Mies’spracticehad suddenly Although Evans-Pritchard’s steel-and-glasspavilion is nowowned by trable figure. become very busy,and partly because he ethnographic descriptions were,as the National Trust forHistoric Preser- Farnsworth and Mies met at adinner wasagreat procrastinator.But he was Geertz noted, “intensely visual,” Mr. vation, which maintains it and opens it party on Chicago’sNorth Side in 1945. also fastidious.The exposed steel col- Morton concedes that he “remained to the public.The minimalist interior is It wasamomentous encounter.She umns of the house were sandblasted and mediocreasaphotographer in both a furnished with the architect’sfamous casually mentioned that she had just given four coatsofwhitepaint; the win- technical and compositional sense furniture—apair of Tugendhat lounge bought land in thecountry, and asked dows were the largest sheetsofplate throughout his career.” Theauthor chairs,three Brno desk chairs, aBar- the architect if one of his young employ- glassthen available; the floor washand- claims,nevertheless, and plausibly celona couch—iconic 1930s designs ees might be able to design aweekend selected slabs of travertine; the paneling enough, that by attending to this made out of chromed metal and leather. house forher.“Itold her Iwould not of the core that contained the bathrooms photographic archivehecan come up Thereisnocluttertomar the ethereal, be interested in anormal house,but if (the only enclosed rooms in the house) with fresh insightsintothe way Evans- Zen-likespace, no bookshelves,nopaint- it could be fine and interesting,then I wasprimavera,atropical hardwood. Pritchard’sstudies were shaped “by ings, no knickknacks. would do it,” Mies later recalled. Theconstruction took two years. By the historical contexts of his fieldwork, Did someone really livethis way?The Farnsworth and Mies were formida- then the friendship between Farnsworth itscolonial and academic structures, truth is they didn’t—the National Trust ble individuals.She was42, unmarried, and Mies had cooled. Some of that was the agencyofhis local collaborators.” tableau is apolitefiction. Theoriginal from awell-to-do Chicagofamily.She the result of the inevitable strains that To be sure, the images need hadabandoned occur when adream becomes reality and interpretation. Mr.Morton explains,for apromising ca- aesthetic goals come up against the instance, that the recurrent portraitsof reer as aconcert mundane demands of everyday life. For stiff-backed, glassy-eyed men are violinist to study example,Mies reluctantly provided a throwbacks to an already obsolescent medicine and be- fireplace, but resisted screening-in the genreof“racial” studies,inwhich came arespect- porch, even though the low-lying site Evans-Pritchardhimself had no interest. ed nephrologist, wasmosquito-infested. Farnsworth, who Theauthor also pointsout that sitters teacherand med- was6feet tall, wanted the free-standing or bystandersmay subvert the ical researcher closet to screen her sleeping area, but photographer’s message, but intentions overseeing her Mies insisted that it be only 5feet high. and meaningsare sometimes hardto ownlab.Mr. Other strains were financial: the house pin down. One photograph shows Beam describes had been budgeted at $40,000,but the Evans-Pritchardinfull colonial gear, her as amid- totalcost wascloser to twicethat with pith helmet, short khaki pants, BOX SET owner,Dr. Edith Farnsworth, furnished centuryanomaly,aprofessional woman amount.Farnsworth ponied up,but pipe in mouth, in the middle of agroup Mies’s her weekend house with comfortable who had “navigated the world more finally an unanticipated bill pushed her of Nuer boys who aresaluting,sticks design Scandinavian chaiseslongues,wicker or lessonher own, and didn’t seem over the edge, and she ordered all fur- slung on their shoulderslikerifles.Just was a dining chairs, aday bed with throw cowedbythe prospect of continuing ther expenses to cease and held back the innocent fun? No doubt it would all graphic cushions,North African rugs and potted that way.” Mies,nearly 60,was acon- final payment of several thousand dol- have seemed very different at the time. distillation plants; not astick of chromed metal and firmed loner who had lefthis wifeand lars(Mies’sofficewas acting as the gen- Mr.Morton might perhaps have paid of leather in the place. Mies had ordered threechildren long beforeemigrating eral contractor). It wasatthis time that moreattention to the images that modernist several of his owndesigns forthe from Germanyseven yearsearlier.He she refused the deliveryofthe furniture. Evans-Pritchardselected to illustratehis ideals. house—two MR chairs, two Barcelona wasalready famous,but had as yet Thewhole thing ended up in court. monographs.These were not, on the chairsand amatchingglasscoffee built little in the United States. The Mies hadbeen convinced by advisers whole,his ownphotographs.And while table—but Farnsworth rejected them all. Farnsworth commission wasachance to sue his client forthe outstanding manypictures in the archivefeature “I think the Barcelona chair is very hand- to changethat. expenses,and she counter-sued, claim- Africans wearing colonial outfits,the some but it is fearfully heavy and utterly Thenine-acreproperty in Plano,an ingthat he had been incompetent. Mr. illustrations in Evans-Pritchard’sbooks unsuitable forasmall countryhouse,” hour from Chicago, included aspectacu- Beam’s lively account of the trial, based typically represent Azande dressed in shesaid, “the placewould look likea larly beautiful meadowbeside the river. on transcripts, is fascinating.Both sides traditional fabrics and skins,and naked Helena Rubinstein salon.” By then, the Afterone of several companionable shaded the truth. Farnsworth claimed to young Nuer men and women. doctor and her architect were no longer excursions to the siteMies concluded, have never been shown aplan, but Mies’s An evocativepictureofEvans- on speaking terms. “So Ithink we should build the house of attorney produced aphotograph of her Pritchard, discussed only in passing by AlexBeam describes his book on the steel and glass; in that way we’ll let the examining drawings. Mies’switnesses Mr.Morton, waspublished in the Farnsworth House and itstwo protago- outside in.” Farnsworth agreed. The testified that the house had been prop- memoirsofthe novelist Anthony nistsas“the storyoftheir brilliant result wasasimple boxsupported on erly built, but yearslater thenotable Powell. Remembered by Powell as friendship,their vitriolic breakup,and eight steel H-beams,with all-glasswalls architect Myron Goldsmith,who had “grave,withdrawn, and somewhat thearchitectural treasurethey created and an open plan. It wasagraphic distil- been oneofMies’sassistants, recalled exotic in dress,” Evans-Pritchardwas alongthe banks of the FoxRiver.” Mr. lation of modernist ideals,inthe same PleaseturntopageC8 PleaseturntopageC8 P2JW081000-4-C00800-1------XA

C8 | Saturday/Sunday, March21-22, 2020 **** THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. BOOKS

‘If money go before, all ways do lie open.’ —FORD,INSHAKESPEARE’S ‘MERRYWIVES OF WINDSOR’ Edith and Mies Queen Elizabeth’sBanker Build Their Gresham’s Law lives and breathes between the University and, as Mr.Guy records, By John Guy covers of this concise volume would “secured aprized burial spot at his Dream House Profile Books, not be out of placeinasit-down local parish church, St Helen’s interviewonCNBC. Bishopgate,byoffering an endow- 302pages,$26.62 Gresham’sstory,inMr. Guy’s ment to build asteeple on which ContinuedfrompageC7 BY JAMES GRANT expert hands (the author is ahis- he never made good.” Youget the “I used averybad detail at the edgeofthe roof, torian of Tudor England at the sense that the rotter wouldn’t mind which in that famous rain, during the trial, ruined The brilliant, IR Thomas Gresham, University of Cambridge), is the going down in historyasthe author the curtains ...Ithought Iknewquiteabit about corner-cutting, it turns out, didn’t say: chronicle of the stirringsofmodern of the lawthat otherspropounded construction, but Iprobably didn’t knowasmuch high-living titan “Bad money drives out financeinatime of religious and beforehim, including,Mr. Guy as Ithought Ikneworwethought Iknew.” The good money.” But he politicalupheaval. As Catholics relates,the ancient Greek dramatist lapses in professional judgment on the part of the who built did livebythose wise facedoff against Protestantsand Aristophanes. architectsseemed, at least to this reader,defini- London’s first Swords. What theadage, so often contending descendantsofHenry But Gresham didn’t rise to the tive, but in the end the judgment went against Royal Exchange credited to him, means is this: If VIII fought forthe English crown, loftystation of merchant prince Farnsworth. Both sides were happy to be out of youhavetwo coins of equal legal Greshameffected aquiet revolu- through neglect of the artsof it and the final settlement wasfor arelatively also manipulated value,one of them worn and de- tion of his own. Not until he began personal ingratiation. Afterresign- small sum; sincetherehad never been anywrit- foreign exchange based and the other mint-fresh, to keep his ledger in the format of ing his post as Queen Elizabeth I’s tencontract, it did not include an architect’sfee. rates, conducted you’ll save the newone and spend debits and creditshad anyBriton banker,hewas obliged to submit One feels forthe good doctor.Despitethe the old one.Bad money drives good known to Mr.Guy employedthe his accountstoaroutine royal purposeful appearanceofhis architecture, espionage and dealt money out of circulation and into Italian innovation of double-entry audit. Butwhen the audit revealed Mies wasnot particularly interested in practical in armaments. safe-deposit boxes, afundamental bookkeeping. that he’dfalsified his expenses to matters.The travertine on the terraceweathered truthworth remembering even if Theson of RichardGresham,a an extent that threatened his very badly,and apoorly designed heating system left your bank account consistsofnoth- textile merchant and “one of the solvency, the distraught banker sooty stains on the windows.The glasswalls ing but digital ones and zeros. most hated men in London” (a rep- managed to inveigle Elizabeth into resulted in spectacular heating bills in the winter Gresham, by rehabilitating the utation burnished by the eviction overturning her auditors’ verdict. and hothouse temperatures in the summer—there English coinageofthe 1550s and of awidowfromahouse on which “Straightforwardcronyism” is how were only two small openable windows.Then preaching fiscal probity to sover- Gresham held amortgage), Thomas the author explains this bit of slick therewas the problem of condensation on the eigns who didn’t want to hear it, wasapprenticed to the family busi- personal diplomacy. glassincold weather.“Youfeel as though youare wasakind of Elizabethan Paul nessand proceeded to makean Maybe the queen had asoftspot in acar in the rain with awindshield wiper that Volcker, though he wasa independent career as banker to a forthe man who,while conducting doesn’t work,” Farnsworth complained. Afilm councilor just as interested in succession of English sovereigns. her businessinsometimes hazard- about the genesis of her house,starring Elizabeth his ownnet worth as he was ForElizabeth I, whom he served ous conditions on the Continent, Debicki and Ralph Fiennes,iscurrently in the in that of his royalpatrons. longest, he floated loans,manipu- would find the time and means works.Itwill be interesting to see if it shows the John Guy’sfine and learned lated foreign exchangerates,con- with which to buy her an iron chest doctor squeegeeing her foggywindows. biography, “Gresham’s ducted espionage, dealt in arma- from Antwerp or aTurkish horse “The fight over amodern masterpiece” in Law,” reminds us how mentsand acted as akind of from Germanyorsilk stockings Beam’ssubtitle refers to not only the trial but much has changed personal shopper.Heserved the from Spain. Nor wasshe unaware also the final public chapter in the volatile about finance queen well enough so that, by 1574, of Gresham’scontributions to the Farnsworth-Mies story. In 1953 (a year afterthe in 500years. he could proudly announcethe full growth of adomestic English trial), Elizabeth Gordon, the influential editor of Forinstance, repayment of England’sonceout- money market. In the time of her House Beautiful, published aseries of articles nowadays, sizeforeign debt. immediatepredecessor,Queen that included photos of Farnsworth’shouse and rather than “The firsthigh priest of market Mary I, whom Gresham had also recounted her travails in excruciating detail. The raising funds economics,” as Mr.Guy calls him, advised, wealthyEnglish merchants series wastitled “The Threat to the Next America,” by pillaging Gresham built London’sfirst indoor lent to the crownoncommand, the threat being the European International Style monasteries or bourse,the RoyalExchange(a interest-free,under pain of retribu- or “bad modern” as opposed to the “good shaking down successor building still stands tion. Now, under an older and wiser modern” of American architectssuch as Frank defenselessmer- todaynear the Bank of England), Gresham, they lent because they Lloyd Wright, of whom Gordon wasachampion. chants, govern- andleftprovisions in his heatedly likedthe rate of interest on offer. As Mr.Beam pointsout, therewas aMcCarthyite mentssell bonds. contested will forGresham College, Gresham’scareer,Mr. Guy con- tone to some of the articles,although the critique Then again, which survives to sponsor more tends,made him, “a harbinger of of the European modernists’ “Cult of Austerity” much remains the than 140freelectures ayear. aworld to come: one in which wassound. Wright, of course,loved it, and later same in the very Sometimes the fruitsofMr. national sovereignty is answerable wroteinthe magazine: “Old man BOXmerely human business Guy’s archival research (morethan to the machinations of the market looks different when glassified, that’sall. But the of lending and 10,000 documentsfell under his to whose imperatives crowned and morethe boxisglassed the moreitisevident as borrowing. gaze)are overwhelming.Wedon’t elected heads alikewould eventu- abox.Nonew ideas whatever areinvolved.” Thebrilliant, have to know, forinstance, the ally have to bow.” Wright wasexaggerating.Mies’sglassbox did corner-cut- namesofthe personnel of the At this writing,though, rock- incorporatenew ideas,but what is one to make ting,high- Gresham family firm on the occa- bottominterest ratesconstrain few of a“masterpiece” that is so dysfunctional? living,cold- sion of the death of Thomas’suncle. governmentsfromborrowing and Mr.Beam clearly admires the Farnsworth House, blooded Nor arewelikely to regret the spending in the grand Tudor style. although he does not minimizeits shortcomings. titan who omission (which the author paren- And as to the distinction between Buildingshavehistorically lasted hundreds of thetically calls to our attention) of “good” money and “bad,” it’sall years; the Farnsworth House will do so only MONEY theexact addressofthe house in paper,ordigital scrip,which amod- with uncommon help.Almost immediately afterit MAN Antwerp forwhich Thomas paid the ern central bank canprint by the wasbuilt, the low-lying house has been regularly Thomas annual rent of 26 pounds sterling. trillions with atap or two on akey- inundated by the rising FoxRiver,and the Gresham in Not that Gresham, the man, board. What would the ever adapt- National Trust is considering ahydraulic system the 1540s, lacks interest—far from it. He mar- able Gresham makeofour current to elevatethe entirebuilding during spring by an ried formoney and refused his wife financial arrangements? Dollarsto floods.Mr. Beam quotes the eminent Swiss unknown so much as an allowance. He com- donuts, he’dturn them to profit. architect Jacques Herzog: “You cannot use this artist. missioned awedding portrait of house except as amuseum. It’ssoexpensive PROFILE himself alone,sans bride.Hetook Mr. Grant, the editor of Grant’s to maintain; it’slikeapatientinthe hospital, in BOOKS back aportion of the wedding gift Interest Rate Observer, is the the emergencyclinic.” Harsh, but not inaccurate. that he made to his illegitimate author, most recently, of daughter.Henever deliveredthe “Bagehot: The Life and Times of Mr. Rybczynski’s latest book is “Charleston Fancy: moneyhepromised to Cambridge the Greatest Victorian.” Little Houses and Big Dreams in the Holy City.”

chronicled in the early novels of to conceal their disgust at my pres- pastoralistsinthe Nile valley in South claimed that the way of lifeofthese TheWorld of Waugh and Powell. Waugh’sfriend ence, refusing to answermygreetings Sudan—an “ordered anarchy” resting African pastoralistsrecalled the an- Graham Greene wasanother Oxford and even turning away when Iad- on aprecarious balanceofpower cient Israelites,while their theology contemporary. He “looked down on us dressed them.” At first, as Mr.Morton between counterpoised clans,always wasremarkably similar to Catholic E.E. Evans- (and perhaps all undergraduates) as remarks,hewas not even permittedto liable to break down intofeuding.Dur- doctrine.Hehad regarded Azande childish andostentatious,” according take photographs of the cattle. ing World WarII, following the expul- magic as afantasy,but nowhewrote to Waugh. “He certainly shared in Among the Azande,Evans-Pritchard sion of the Italians from Libya, Evans- that Nuer ritual “depends finally on an Pritchard none of our revelry.” But Greene and focused on witchcraft. Thelocals be- Pritchardserved as apolitical officer awarenessofGod and that men are Waugh later became friends,and lieved therewerenoaccidents. dependent on him and must be ContinuedfrompageC7 moved forawhile in the same cynical, “Everymisfortune supposes resigned to his will.” At this photographed wearing aBerber gown boozy,depressivecircles.Asthey witchcraft,” Evans-Pritchard point the theologian takesover at afancy-dressparty given in 1924by reached middle age, anumber of these wrotein“Witchcraft, Oracles from the anthropologist. For the hard-drinking,men-only Oxford men turned to religion. Evans- and Magic Among the Azande” the rest of his life, Evans- University Hypocrites’ Club.(Itsmotto, Pritchard, Waugh and Greene con- (1937), “and everyenmity Pritchardwould denouncehis takenfromPindar,blazoned in Greek, verted to Catholicism. TomDriberg suggestsits author.” But this anthropological colleagues as was“WaterIsBest.”)Founded by a became an Anglo-Catholic; his brother wasall illusion. “Witches,as dogmatic unbelievers, obsessed bunch of rowdyaesthetes in 1921, the Jack converted to Islam. Afew found Azande conceivethem, cannot with showing that religious be- club wasshut down in 1925 by the anew faith in communism. exist.” Their oracles “tell them lief wasabundle of illusions, dean of Balliol Collegefollowing a And they were travelersand adven- nothing.” Whythen did sensi- itshold on the faithful to be RD

party at which the membersdressed turers. When Hitler’s warbroke out, bleAzande sometimes believe FO explained with referenceto

up as monks and nuns and danced the Evans-Pritchardled his band of Anuak in all that stuff?Evans-Prit- OX sociological and psychological night away.Powell recalled that on his irregularsagainst Italian forces.“In the chardpointed out that the OF theories. firstvisit to the club he wasintroduced Victorian ageIshould have been an Azande’sbeliefs about witches, Evans-Pritchard’smost pro- to another futurenovelist, Evelyn explorer,” he wrotetoafriend. “In ear- oracles and magic were inter- ductiveyearsbegan with the Waugh, “one of the rowdiest mem- lier times aCrusader or buccaneer.I locked and mutually reinforc- UNIVERSITY publication of “Witchcraft, bers,” who wassitting on the lap of am just beginning to enjoymyself.” ing: “death evokes the notion Oracles and Magic Among the

Christopher Hollis,later aConservative Greene worked forMI6 in West Africa of witchcraft; oracles arecon- MUSEUM, Azande” andconcluded with member of Parliament. Christopher’s under the direction of Evans-Pritchard’s sulted to determine the course “Nuer Religion.” He held the RIVER

younger brother Roger wasalso a friend and colleague Meyer Fortes. of vengeance; magic is made to S chair of social anthropologyat

member.(Their father wasthe bishop Roger Hollis also became aspy and attain it; oracles decide when PITT Oxforduntil 1970, three years of Taunton.) Another member,Tom endedupasdirector-general of MI5. magic has executed vengeance; EMBEDDED Evans-Pritchard with a group of beforehis death, but his later Driberg, later aLabour Party member (He waslater accusedofhaving been a and itsmagical task being Zande boys, ca. 1927-30. years, likethose of Waugh and of Parliament and afamous hell-raiser, Soviet agent, as wasTom Driberg.) ended, the medicine is de- Greene,wereunproductive, wasaschool friend of Waugh and Evans-Pritchard’stwo most in- stroyed.” Given the premise that ill amongthe Bedouin of Cyrenaica, are- clouded by depression, fueled by whis- Roger.Tom’sbother Jack,who would tensivefield studies were made in luck takesthe form of aperson—a jeal- gion in the eastern part of the country. key and scarred by bitterfeuds.He become adistrict officer in the Sudan, the Sudan. Thefirst wasamong the ous,malicious neighbor or relative— His monograph “The Sanusi of Cyrena- would wake up screaming from night- studied anthropologyunder Bronisław Azande,ahierarchical agricultural the rest of the packagefollows logically ica” (1949) described another political maresabout his time as aguerrilla. In Malinowski and became abosom societyfirmly under British control. and seems no morethan common organization without rulers, also featur- 1959 his wifecommittedsuicide.But at friend of Evans-Pritchard. Thesecond wasamong the Nuer,an sense.“Ihad no difficulty in using ing clans,feuds and prophets. Is it pure his peak,asafield anthropologist, he These men all belonged to the bohe- egalitarian and warlikepastoral Zande notions as Azande themselves chancethat the Southern Sudan and wasthe equal of that other demonic mian fringeofthat cohort of boarding- people.Afew yearsbeforeEvans- use them,” Evans-Pritchardaffirmed. Libyaare mired in civil wars today? master,his teacher and rival Bronisław school-educated, upper-middle-class Pritchard’sarrival, aBritish expedi- “Oncethe idiom is learnt the rest is While serving in Libya, Evans- Malinowski. Mr.Morton offersafresh Englishmen whocame up to Oxford tionaryforce had hanged Nuer proph- easy,for in Zandeland one mystical Pritchardwas formally received into perspectiveonanextraordinarycareer. and Cambridgeinthe aftermath of etsand bombed their cattle herds. idea follows on another as reasonably theCatholic fold in aceremonyatthe World WarI.Their wildness, areaction “When Ientered acattlecamp it was as one common-sense idea follows on Benghazi cathedral. This wasfollowed Mr. Kuper, aspecialist on the to the pointlessslaughter in the not only as astranger but as an en- another in our ownsociety.” by achangeinhis anthropological ap- ethnography of Southern Africa, trenches,was prolonged intothe party emy,” Evans-Pritchardwrote in “The “The Nuer,” his best-known mono- proach. In his final important book, has written widely on the history world of the Bright Young Things, Nuer” (1940), “and they seldom tried graph, described the political system of “Nuer Religion” (1956), Evans-Pritchard and theory of anthropology.