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Special Census Survey of the South and East Los Angeles Areas

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Special Census Survey of the South and East Los Angeles Areas TCURRENT population reports i Technical Studies Series P-23, No. 17 March 23, 1966 SPECIAL CENSUS SURVEY OF THE SOUTH AND U. S. DEPOSITORY COPY EAST LOS ANGELES AREAS: NOVEMBER 1965 DO NOT DISCARD This report presents summary statistics Many factors contributed to the decline in based on data gathered from every 10th house median family income in South Los Angeles. One hold in the South and East Los Angeles areas in important factor was the change in family com— November 1965. The South Los Angeles area is a position within the area. In 1960, about 75 section of Los Angeles in which the population percent of all families in South Los Angeles is predominantly Negro and the East Los Angeles were married couples living in their own house area is a section of the city in which the pop holds. By 1965, this proportion had dropped to ulation is predominantly Mexican–American. The 70 percent. These figures, which suggest an survey was conducted on the recommendation of increase in the prevalence of "broken" homes Dr. Andrew F. Brimmer, then Assistant Secretary within the area, are supported by other census for Economic Affairs, Department of Commerce, data which show that the proportion of children in connection with his work on the task force living with both parents in South Los Angeles appointed by President Johnson to investigate dropped from 68 percent in 1960 to 62 percent the riots in Watts and adjoining areas of Los in 1965. Since the incomes of broken families Angeles in the summer of 1965. The survey was are far lower, on the average, than those in financed by the Office of Economic Opportunity which a husband and wife are both present, this and conducted by the Bureau of the Census. change in family composition tended to reduce the average income for the area as a whole. In South Los Angeles, median family income (adjusted for price changes) dropped by 8 per Selective out-migration may also have con cent--from $5,100 in 1959 to $11,700 in 1965. tributed to the decline in median family income Declines ranging from about 2 to 11+ percent were recorded in each of the seven neighborhoods in both South and East Los Angeles. The popu lation in these areas declined between 1960 and in the area. The median also fell in each of 1965. This decrease represents the net effect the three Mexican-American neighborhoods in of large numbers of families moving into the East Los Angeles. area and even larger numbers moving out. If About one-fourth (27 percent) of all fami the more successful families tended to move to lies in South Los Angeles had incomes below the more desirable neighborhoods and they were re poverty level in 1965. The incidence of poverty placed by lower income groups moving in from in the individual neighborhoods ranged from 19 other parts of the State or the Nation, average percent in Willow Brook to H2 percent in Watts. family income for the area as a whole would The incidence of poverty in East Los Angeles tend to be depressed. This kind of a change was similar to that in South Los Angeles (2+ can be measured in two of the neighborhoods in percent), but the range varied only between 21 South Los Angeles (Green Meadows and Exposition) and 26 percent in the individual neighborhoods. where the special census showed large numbers For sale by the Superint dent of Do ts, U.S. Gover t Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, 15 cents. - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, John T. Connor, Secretary BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. A. Ross Eckler, Director of w hite families were replaced by Negroes be portion o f deteriorating units rose from 20 to tween 1960 and 1965. Similar changes may have 28 percent. Figures on housing conditions are occurred in other neighborhoods as well. based upon individual judgments of enumerators, rather than on any objective measurements. About0 8 percent of the people who lived in South Los Angeles in November 1965, had been Despite t he apparent decline in the quality living in the city for at least five years; of housing, the median value of owner-occupied about half of them were living in the same house homes in South Los Angeles rose from $ll, 300 to or apartment they occupied in 1960. Only 6 $14,600, and median gross monthly rent increased percent of the residents in the area in Novem from $ 69 to $78. In East Los Angeles, home ber 1965 lived in one of the Southern States values rose on the average from $11,800 to five years earlier. This pattern of movement $16,400, and median gross monthly rents in in the South Los Angeles area in 1965 was not creased f rom $63 to $75. This increase in home much different from that reported in the 1960 values can be attributed largely to rising real Census. estate prices in the Los Angeles area. Since t he figures presented in this report Population m ovement in the area has re are based on sample data, they may differ from sulted in an increasing concentration of Negroes the figures that would have been obtained from in South Los Angeles and of Mexican-Americans a complete census. The l in 10 sample for 1965 in East Los Angeles. In 1960, 70 percent of and the l in H sample for 1960, however, are the r esidents of South Los Angeles were Ne large enough to provide a valid basis for most groes as compared with 81 percent in 1965. types of analysis and comparison. A more com Although the proportion of Negroes increased plete statement on variability due to sampling, in e ach neighborhood in South Los Angeles, the as well as detailed information about the sub greatest changes occurred in Exposition and Green Meadows. The proportion of Negroes in jects for which data are presented here, will be contained in the final report for this survey. these neighborhoods was about 10 percent in 1950, about 60 percent in 1960, and about 80 Generally, t he subjects covered are defined percent in 1965. In East Los Angeles, the pro in the reports of the 1960 Census with one ex portion of Mexican-Americans increased from 66 ception--the poverty level. Here, families and percent to 76 percent between 1960 and 1965. unrelated individuals were classified as being above or below the poverty level using the Nationally, t here was a drop from 12 per poverty index developed by the Social Security cent to 6 percent in the rate of unemployment Administration. This index takes into account for nonwhite males between 1960 and 1965. The such factors as family size and number of chil rates in the census area, however, were vir dren, as well as the amount of money income. tually unchanged. In South Los Angeles, the The poverty level is based on a minimum nutri unemployment rate for males dropped from ll tionally sound food plan ("economy" plan) de percent in 1960 to 10 percent in 1965. In East signed by the Department of Agriculture for Los Angeles, the rate dropped from 9 percent to "emergency or temporary use when funds are low." 8 percent. Assuming that a poor family typically spends as much as a third of its income for food, the There w as an apparent deterioration in cost of food included in the economy plan was quality of housing in the census area. In South used to determine the minimum total income re Los Angeles the proportion of dilapidated units quirements for a given type of family. For a increased from 3 percent in 1960 to 5 percent more detailed description of the Social Secu in 1965, and the proportion of deteriorating rity Administration's poverty index, see Mollie units rose from 15 to 28 percent during the same Orshansky: "Counting the Poor – Another Look at period. In East Los Angeles, the dilapidation the Poverty Profile," Social Security Bulletin, rate i ncreased from 5 to 7 percent, and the pro January 1967. LOS ANGELES SPECIAL CENSUS AREA CITY TERRACE BOYLE HEIGHTS - | *] EAST LOS ANGELES CENTRAL EXPOSITION AVAL 0N KEY MAP FLORENCE Los ANGELES GREEN MEADOWS WILLOWBR00K DOCUMENTS ****!-circulAT!NG Table 1.--RACE, AGE, ANDRESIDENCE5 YEARSAGOOFTHEPOPULATIQQOF THESOUTHLEEANGELESAREA, BY NEIGHBORHOOIB:1965AND1963 Total Central Avalon Expositicn Race, age, and mobility Status 1365 196.) 1965 1960 1965 1960 1965 1960 RACE Toml........... ..... .. 320.810 355,132 15,510 23.367 43.610 52,486 66.920 70.488 white" ............ .. 55,800 99,210 3,140 5,542 1,710 2,436 10.760 23.159 Spanish sumame.... ... ...... 31,760 42,976 2,7 4,386 920 1,313 3,330 6,12’? 24,040 56,234 440 1,156 790 1,173 7,430 17,032 Negr0......... ..-. .....-....-.... -... ... 259,980. 247,585 11,7m 15,970 I'llfiw ‘9:784 53,160 ‘3:025 Other races“........................... 5,050 8,337 590 1,355 240 216 3,000 4,304 Percent. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White............ 17.4 27.9 20.2 23.7 3.9 4.7 16.1 32.9 Spanish surname........... .. 9.9 12.1 17.4 18.8 2.1 2.5 5.0 8.7 7.5 15.8 2.8 4.9 1.8 2.2 11.1 24.2 Negr0..... ...... 81.0 69.7 76.0 68.3 95.5 94.9 79.4 61,0 raCQBIIQIICIIIOIIU‘OO‘OIIIOQ'UIIIO 1.6 2.3 3.8 7.9 0.6 O.‘ 4.5 6.1 AGE All 320,830 355,132 15,510 23,367 43,610 52,486 66,920 70,488 Under 5 years............
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