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346B6dac7ff48837b2088fb3 WHY THE BEST ARCHITECTS WORK FOR THE WORST REGIMES•WHAT RUSSIA WANTS GLOBAL POLITICS, ECONOMICS, AND IDEAS ® MAY/JUNE 2008 ForeignPolicy.com AMERICA needs a department of NATIONAL GOALS In his final televised speech to the nation as President, Dwight Eisenhower first coined the term "military-industrial complex" and warned: "As we peer into society's future we ... must avoid the impulse to live only for today, plundering, for our own ease and convenience, the precious resources of tomorrow. We cannot mortgage the material assets of our grandchildren without risking the loss also of their political and spiritual heritage. We want democracy to survive for all generations to come, not to become the insolvent phantom of tomorrow." President Eisenhower It was just two years later that I first championed the idea of creating a DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL GOALS. As I wrote in 1962: "Our country has made no pronouncement to fire the imagination of mankind with a vision of how great a place the world can become if all countries and all people will work together for the common good. Our intentions are good, our motives are noble, our strength is great – but we lack the big idea. The torch has not been lighted. The people of the world are waiting for us to inspire them but no inspiration has come." Paul Flum, President Goals for Americans® Foundation How can all of us, especially those of us who are corporate and civic leaders, rise to the greatest challenges of our time... ...TO PROTECT AND... BETTER OUR WORLD FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS Visit our website to read more about this initiative! Goals for Americans® Foundation WORLD HEADQUARTERS Join Forces With Us For Freedom and Responsibility! www.goalsforamericans.org GOALS FOR AMERICANS® FOUNDATION Ideas at Work ere at FP, we like to say we are the magazine of “global politics, economics, and Hideas.” Although you will find all three in every edition, this issue offers an extra heavy dose of ideas. One of the most profound—sometimes controversial—ideas of the last century that still resonates today is the idea of a Jewish state. As Israel celebrates its 60th anniversary, our cover story by Gershom Gorenberg examines (and debunks) the myths that follow in its wake. Because, as he explains, Israel is “best understood as a real place, not a country of myth.” We often imagine ideas in highly abstract terms, but ideas can also be concrete— as in bricks and mortar. In a feature essay, architecture critic Richard Lacayo looks at why many of the world’s best architects are taking their most ambitious and creative ideas to the least free nations. “What architects prefer are fearless clients,” writes Lacayo, “the kind who commit serious money and laugh in the face of local opposition.” Unfortunately, modern-day autocrats are increas- ingly the clients who best fit that description, which explains why some of the most innovative and daring skylines will soon be found in places such as China, Russia, and the Persian Gulf. In this issue, we have built our own landmark to powerful ideas: the list of the world’s Top 100 Public Intellectuals. For the second time, in partnership with Britain’s Prospect maga- zine, we have compiled our list of the men and women who shape the tenor of our time with the power of their thoughts, words, and discoveries. It’s a diverse group drawn from across the globe whose ranks include activists, political scientists, journalists, economists, playwrights, scientists, and many more. The criteria? They must be active in public life and have shown both distinction in their particular field and an ability to influence wider debate, often far from the places they call home. Even better, we want to hear from you to get your ideas about who is the best of the best. Go to ForeignPolicy.com/intellectuals and cast your vote for the top five global public intellectuals. Once there, you will also find a write-in ballot for the intellectual whom you think should have made the list. Based on your votes, we will present the list of the Top 20 Public Intellectuals in our next issue. And while you are casting your ballot, we invite you to explore ForeignPolicy.com for more features and analysis. For example, check out Seven Questions, our weekly interview with leading thinkers and decision-makers. Joseph Stiglitz, Richard Clarke, and Morgan Spurlock are just a few of the people who have recently sat down with us to share their views. Or, you could visit FP’s blog, Passport (blog.foreignpolicy.com), for our editors’ opinions and analysis of the events shaping our world. As you’ll see, we are committed to giving you the newest in “global politics, economics, and ideas”—every day. The Editors P. S. As we went to press, we learned that FP was nominated for the National Magazine Award for General Excellence, the magazine industry’s highest honor, for the fourth year in a row. Win or lose, we are proud to be singled out once again among more than 1,700 leading publications. May | June 2008 5 CONTENTS May| June 2008 8 LETTERS Tracking terrorists I Reasons to be bullish about the market? I Torturing the law. 22 IN BOX Why religious conversions matter I Where the housing market still booms I Global warming? No sweat I Epiphanies from Richard Dawkins I Rich-country corruption I Plus, FP tests your knowledge of the world. THINK AGAIN 26 Israel Six decades after its founding, the Jewish state is neither as vulnerable as its supporters claim nor as callous and calculating as 38 its critics imagine. But if it is to continue defying all expectations, Israel must first confront its own mythology. By Gershom Gorenberg Can China succeed in a place where the rest of the world PRIME NUMBERS has failed? It won’t be easy. 36 Help Wanted From office cleaners to high-tech analysts, temporary workers have become a permanent fixture of the way the world works. Today, the global temp market is dominated by a few staffing firms operating in dozens of countries and generating billions of dollars. By Neil M. Coe, Jennifer Johns, and Kevin Ward ESSAYS 38 When China Met Africa It seemed a perfect match: A growing country looking for markets and influence meets a continent with plenty of resources but few investors. Now that China has moved in, though, its African partners are beginning to resent their aggressive new patron. What happens when the world’s most ambitious developing power meets the poverty, corruption, and fragility of Africa? China is just beginning to find out. By Serge Michel 48 What Russia Wants From Gorbachev to Yeltsin to Putin, every new Russian president has drastically altered his country’s relationship with the world. How will President Dmitry Medvedev change it again? Here are the clues that reveal what the Kremlin is thinking, and, more importantly, what it really wants. By Ivan Krastev 48 52 The Architecture of Autocracy The skylines of unfree soci- The Russian riddle: eties used to bring to mind images of endless gray Soviet apartment Why the Kremlin is less blocks. But today, some of the world’s most innovative and daring predictable than ever. designs are breaking ground in the least free nations. Why are the world’s best architects taking their most ambitious plans to modern- COVER: MICHAL FATTAL/EPA/CORBIS day autocrats? Two words: Blank slates. By Richard Lacayo TOP: PAOLO WOODS; BOTTOM: SERGEI GUNEYEV/REDUX 6 Foreign Policy 26 THE FP INDEX The state of the Jews: 58 The Top 100 Public Intellectuals They are some of the world’s Rethinking Israel, most introspective philosophers and rabble-rousing clerics. Others are 60 years after its birth. at the forefront of modern finance, politics, and human rights. In the second Foreign Policy/Prospect list of top public intellectuals, we reveal the thinkers who shape the tenor of our time. 62 The Plight of the Public Intellectual One honoree weighs in on the pleasures and perils of making a living by ideas. By Christopher Hitchens ARGUMENTS 68 The Incredible Shrinking Missile Threat The United States is in the midst of one of the largest military buildups in history. And it is against a threat that is disappearing—fast. By Joseph Cirincione 74 How (Not) to Spot a Terrorist Catching al Qaeda’s killers is about to become a lot harder. Why? Their ranks will soon look just like you and me. By Malcolm Nance REVIEWS 78 IN OTHER WORDS Meet the anti-Al Gore By Jiri Pehe I The Web we weave By David Weinberger I Plus, what they’re reading in Mexico City. 86 GLOBAL NEWSSTAND A healthy trade By Roger Bate I Taking a chance on war By Robert Trager I Primitive economics By Deepak Lal 92 NET EFFECT China’s virtual nation I Cell division I The iPhone underground I Syria’s cafe law I Plus, Chinese blog pioneer Isaac 68 Mao on the best sources for unfettered information on China. Why spend billions on MISSING LINKS a shrinking threat? 96 First they came for the iPods. Then The Coming Euroinvasion Ask the White House. the Europeans snatched up condos in Manhattan. Now they’re coming TOP: DAN BRONFELD/IDF VIA GETTY IMAGES; BOTTOM: TEH ENG KOON/AFP/GETTY IMAGES for the companies. By Moisés Naím May | June 2008 7 [ LETTERS ] Tracking Terrorists the training camps of the 1990s. More- over, with all his focus on Iraq, he fails According to Marc Sageman (“The Next to explain why the U.S.
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