DOCSLIB.ORG

CHAPTER 1 Thallophyta 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CHAPTER 1 Thallophyta 1 Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 24, 2021 CHAPTER 1 Thallophyta 1 Contributors: H. P. BANKS, K. I. M. CHESTERS, N. F. HUGHES, G. A. L. JOHNSON, H. M. JOHNSON & L. R. MOORE This chapter includes all benthonic algae (planktonic algae are in Chapter 2), the family Prototaxitaceae, bacteria and fungi. In some of these groups the fossil record is very inadequate, and the method of documentation has been varied accordingly. THE CALCAREOUS ALGAE Algae are the only fossil group which have a widespread development in the Precamb. The earliest fossil records, dating from at least 2700 m.y., are stromatolites possibly belonging to the Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Definite cellular microorganisms, including Gunflintia, Animikiea and Archaeorestis identified as blue-green algae, have been found in the Gunffint Chert, M. Precamb, Canada, and are 1900 m.y. old (Barghoorn and Tyler 1965; Cloud 1965). Even at the earliest period there seems to have been considerable diversity in the group and since then continuous evolutionary progress has taken place. Divergence, convergence and parallelism of form and habit in the different classes of algae during their geological history is striking (Fritsch 1948). Thus the structural pattern of the Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and in most part the Rhodophyceae is remarkably parallel from unicellular motile and colonial, through filamentous to complex thaUoid forms. The great majority of living algae do not produce skeletons but of the known fossil algae almost every genus is calcareous and many are important rock builders. Maslov (1961) has shown that carbonates can be deposited by algae in six different ways. Of these the "mixed" or "stromato- litic" process and the "biochemical" process are most important in the Precamb. The "organic" and "physiological" processes emerged in the Camb but the "stromatolitic" process was probably dominant as late as the Silurian. Since then the "organic" process has been gaining importance and the "stromatolitic" process is restricted to limited occurrences at the present time. To what extent the evolution of the various classes of fossil algae is connected with these changes in car- bonate deposition is obscure. Genetic classification of the fossil algae is largely subjective owing to the great antiquity of the group and the origin of even the more recent families is shrouded in uncertainty. Lack of colour pigments and reproductive structures further adds to the difficulties of classification in the fossil algae. The classification used here is adapted from Papenfuss (1955) and Pia (1927). We are much indebted to Dr J. H. Price (British Museum of National History, London) who kindly supplied the authorities of the living families of calcareous algae. [H.M.J. & G.A.L.J.] The Fossil Record, pp. 163-180. Geological Society of London, 1967. Printed in Northern Ireland. Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 24, 2021 The Fossil Record, Part H SEE FIG B Carn u Lad i'n ~ An|s ~-u o o Olenek '~,.~ Induan .~. e c. 4) o Dzhulf f=__.a Z Guad _< ~ Leonard -{1 Sakm Assel U .Carb • Moscov 0~c Bashk Z 0 Namur ~,~ Vision T.... ~ .~ Famenn =~ o Frasn E U ~1~ ~.~ 7 Givet I < 1 * ~ Elfel I > I t Fins I 1 9 Siegen I Gedinn I T Z Ludl J ,,,( Lldov I b4- 9 Ashg I Z Carad I Lldeil ! :> i 9 O: I:.lvffn u 0 b~enig J 8- T,,m~ I I i Z U.Camb I I 4 -e-- M Camb I I .,~ -t i U L .Camb ! • Varang ,U,, Pre-Var Chl~176 I Rhodophyceae ? ] Xanthophyta TAXA THALLOPHYTA 1 Calcareous Algae CONTRIBUTORS G.A.L. Johnson, H.M. Johnson H. P. Banks IN. F. Hughes FIG. I.I A 164 Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 24, 2021 Chapter 1" Thallophytaml Halo 0 Plelst PI ioc i U.Mioc ~ M. MIoc aE ~ ..1:: u L.Mioc u o U.Ollg L/M.OIig l.u U.Eoc M.Eoc J L.Eoc J Palaeoc J Dan j M.es, r 1 o So.to.Campan Ij ~In- Coniac j | o a I Turon J ! e e e e o o u o u u-~. u O o u o o 9- o ~ u 0- AIb /o-~ xo U Apt o~E o B..... I / Haut J Valang J Bert I frith' J Kimm j ~IF~ Oxf I ~]k~ Call u Both ~Baioc Toarc PI lens Sinem Hett u ~, Rhaet ~. Nor SEE FIGA Chlorophyceae J Rhodophyceae Schizophyceae T Xanthophyta TAXA THALLOPHYTA 1 Calcareous Algae CONTRIBUTORS G. A. L. Johnson, H.M. Johnson IN. F. Hughes FIG. I. I B 12 165 Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 24, 2021 The Fossil Record, Part H Class CHLOROPHYCEAE Ktitzing 1833 Family CHLAMYOOMONACE~mStein orth. rout. G. M. Smith 1920 First, Jur Oxf-'Tith': Gleocystis oxfordiensis Lignier 1906, Europe. Extant. Cot~ment: Fossil members of the group are rare as flagellae are seldom preserved. Family PHACOWACEAE(Biitschli) Oltmanns 1904 First, Tert M.Eoc: Phacotus sp. Rutte 1953, Germany. Extant. ComJment: Fossil records few, U.Mioc P. lenticularis (Ehrenberg) Stein, also Pleist and Holo examples. Family ~TOCOCCACEAE (Trevisan) Marchand orth. mut. G. M. Smith 1950 First, Jur 'Tith" Globochaete alpina Lombard 1938, Sainte Crois de Quintillargues, Provence. Extant. Comment: Globochaete widespread in U.Jur in Tethys, Provence and Indonesia. (Colom 1955). Family CHr.Om~Lr~C~.A~. (Wille) Brunnthaler 1913 First, Tert L.Eoc: ChloreUopsiscoloniata Reis (Bradley 1929), Green River Fro., Colorado, Utah and Wyoming; Tert of Bavaria and Kansas, U.S.A. Exant. Comment: Camb record "? like Chlorellopsis coloniata Reis" (Bigot 1929) has no cellular structure so may not be algal Dec cf. Tetraedon. sp. (Ktitzing 1845; Bohlln 1901) may belong to either Chlorellaceae or Oocystaceae. [H.M.J.] Family HYDRODICaWACV.AE(S. F. Gray) Dumortier orth. rout. Cohn 1880 First, Cret Alb: Pediastrum boryanum Brunnthaler 1915, Pakistan. Extant. Conanaent: Doubtful first, Jur 'Tith': Pediastrites kidstoni Zalessky 1927, L. Volgian, nr Simbirsk, U.S.S.R. Pediastrum occurs through to present; Hydrodictyon, Tert Japan. (Koriba and Miki 1959). [H.M.J. & N.F.H.] Family COEt~ST~CEaJ~ (West) Wille 1906 First, Carb Tourn-Vis6an: Lageniastrum macrosporae Renault, Europe. Extant. Family ur OTRICHACFAF Kiatzing orth. rout. Haulk 1883 First, Jur 'Tith': Eothrix alpina Lombard 1938, Switzerland, Provence, Andalusia, Apennines, N. Africa and Indonesia. Extant. Family CHA~.TOPHORACFAFHarvey orth. rout. Stizenberger 1860 First, Tert Dan: Palaeachyla sp. Pia 1936, Diniyur gp., Trichinopoly, S. India. Extant. Family ZYOm~TACFAF. (Meneghini) Ktitzing orth. mut. Engler 1898 First, Tert L.Eoc: Spirogyra sp. Bradley 1962, Wilkins Peak member, Green River fro., Wyoming. Extant. Conanaent: The diagnostic chloroplast is seldom preserved in fossils. Family DESMmIAC~.AEKiitzing 1833 ex Ralfs (1848) orth. mut. Stizenberger 1860 First, Dev: Arthrodesmus (probable desmid); U.Jur: Xanthidium pilosum Ehrenb. Extant. Comment: Other records: Pleist and Holo, Jutland, Denmark (Fjerdugstadtl 1954) and N./kips (Messikommer 1938). [H.M.J.] Family DASYCtatOACFAEKtitzing 1833 orth. rout. Stizenberger 1860 First, Camb L.Camb: LenaeUa reticulata Korde 1959, Atdaban fro, Siberia, and Carnbroporella tuvensis Korde 1950, U.S.S.R. (Endo 1961). Extant. Comment: Pre-Camb records from the Kola Peninsula have been dated at 1720-1780 m.y. B.P. and include cf. DasyporeUa Pia and the Tribe Cyclocrineae Pia (Lyubtsov 1964). Few Palaeozoic genera, divergence in Permian. Fossil genera numerous compared with only 10 living genera. [H.M.J. & G.A.L.J.] 166 Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 24, 2021 Chapter 1: Thallophyta--I Family CODIACEAE (Trevisan) Zanardini 1843 First, Camb-Ord: Palaeoporella variabilis Stolley 1893, Late Camb. or basal Ord, Sweden, Norway and Texas. Extant. Comument: Pre-Camb Oldhamia and Palaeorivularia may be primitive codiaceans or the latter may be a red alga (C. L. Fenton 1943, Endo 1961). Abundant in present oceans mostly non- lime-depositing. Family VALONIACEAEN~igeli 1847 First, Jur Oxf-'Tith': Pycnoporidium lobatum Yabe and Toyama 1928, Torinosu Lst, Abukama Mountainlands, Japan and Spain. P. melobesioides (Pfender), France. Extant. Co~axnent: P. toyamai, Perm, has doubtful generic assignment. P. lobatum and P. melobesioides extend to L. Cret. P. sinuosum J. H. Johnson and Konishi L. Cret, Guatemala. No known Tert forms, living forms mostly tropical. Family ASCOSOMACEAELorenz 1904 First and Last, Camb: Ascosomiaphaneroporata Lorenz 1904 and Mitscherlichia chinensis Lorenz 1904, Tschang-duang, N. China. Class RHODOPHYCEAE Ruprecht 1901 Family CHAETANGIACEAEKtitzing orth. mut. Hauck 1883 First, Perm: Hapalophlaea scissa Pia 1935, Sumatra. Extant. Family GYMNOCODIACEAEElliott 1955 First, Perm: Gymnocodium bellerophontis (Rothpletz 1894) Pia 1920, S. Europe, India, Japan and Texas, U.S.A. Last, Cret Apt: Permocalculus irenae Elliott 1958. Cornnaent: Family regarded first as Dasycladaceae, then Codiaceae, next red algae (Chaet- angiaceae Pia 1937) and finally raised to separate family (Elliott 1955). Family SOLENOPORACEAE Pia 192 7 First, Camb L.Camb: Solenopora sp., N.W. Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica (Priestley and David 1910); S. tjanshanica Vologdin 1955, Russia; S. sp., Angara R., Siberia (Maslov 1937). Last, Tert Mioc: Neosolenopora vinassi, Italy, France and Cuba. Coma~ent: Camb records few; Ord and Sil records rare at first later few genera only but widespread, abundant and rockbuilders. Classification controversial, either sub-family of Corallinaceae (Maslov 1956) or a separate family (Pia 1927, J. H. Johnson 1959). Family CORALLINACEAE (Lamouroux) Harvey 1849 First, Carb Bashk-Moscov: Archaeolithophyllum missourensum J. H. Johnson 1956, Exline Lst, Carroll Co., Missouri; A. delicatumJ. H. Johnson 1956, ColinsviUe Lst, Illinois, also New Mexico and Texas. Carb. Komia abandans Korde 1951, N. Urals, Russia and Japan. Extant. Comaxient: Sub-family Melobesieae U.Carb to Recent as given above. Sub-family Coral- linae ?U.Carb to Recent; Archamphiroa ?U.Carb, Amphiroa Cret. Melobesieae contains Archaeo- lithothamnium, Jur to Recent, of uncertain phylogeny, which gave rise to Lithothamnium in L.Jur.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gymnocodiacean Algae) Reveal to Be Triploporellacean Algae (Revision of the Jesse Harlan Johnson Collection
    Facies (2017) 63:27 DOI 10.1007/s10347-017-0508-x ORIGINAL PAPER About Trinocladus Raineri, 1922: when some Permocalculus (Gymnocodiacean algae) reveal to be Triploporellacean algae (Revision of the Jesse Harlan Johnson Collection. Part 5) Bruno Granier1,2 · Ioan I. Bucur3 · Dimas Dias‑Brito4 Received: 25 March 2017 / Accepted: 10 August 2017 / Published online: 5 September 2017 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017 Abstract The Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene genus Trino- tripolitanus, Raineri described a tiny species which was later cladus that is based on T. tripolitanus Raineri, 1922, origi- revised by Pia, i.e., Dissocladella ondulata. D. bonardii, a nally described from Libyan material, is morphologically name recently introduced by Radoičić et al. and which is well constrained. Its species are commonly distinguished on based on Raineri’s original material, is considered here as the basis of their biometrics. However, the narrow Gauss- an objective junior synonym of D. ondulata. ian distribution reported for some measurements may result from post-mortem dynamic sorting as suggested by a review Keywords Cretaceous · Dasycladales · Trinocladus · of the surrounding microfacies. An examination of Brazilian Dissocladella · Biometric limitation material of the type-species suggests a slightly club-shaped thallus morphology. Two “false Permocalculus” species originally described by Johnson and the type-material of Introduction which has been reexamined are formally reascribed to the genus Trinocladus. T. budaensis, the smallest one, has When studying some fossil “calcareous” algae, the impact slightly club-shaped thallus, too. T. elliotti is poorly min- of various factors, among which a weak mineralization in eralized and insufciently documented. In addition to T.
    [Show full text]
  • Halimeda (Green Siphonous Algae) from the Paleogene of (Morocco) – Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Paleoenvironment
    CONTENTS Volume 53 Numbers1&2 2007 GENERAL MICROPALEONTOLOGY 1 Ovidiu N. Dragastan and Hans-Georg Herbig Halimeda (green siphonous algae) from the Paleogene of (Morocco) – Taxonomy, phylogeny and paleoenvironment TAXONOMY 73 Christopher W. Smart and Ellen Thomas Emendation of the genus Streptochilus Brönnimann and Resig 1971 (Foraminifera) and new species from the lower Miocene of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 105 Harry J. Dowsett and Marci M. Robinson Mid-Pliocene planktic foraminifer assemblage of the North Atlantic Ocean BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 127 Mahmoud Faris and Aziz Mahmoud Abu Shama Nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Paleocene-lower Eocene succession in the Thamad area, east central Sinai, Egypt 145 Itsuki Suto The Oligocene and Miocene record of the diatom resting spore genus Liradiscus Greville in the Norwegian Sea TAXONOMIC NOTE 104 Elizabeth S. Carter New names for two Triassic radiolarian genera from the Queen Charlotte Islands: Ellisus replaces Harsa Carter 1991 non Marcus 1951; Serilla replaces Risella Carter 1993 non Gray 1840 (1847) ANNOUNCEMENT 160 “Catbox” — Ellis and Messina Catalogues on one DVD Halimeda (green siphonous algae) from the Paleogene of (Morocco) – Taxonomy, phylogeny and paleoenvironment Ovidiu N. Dragastan1 and Hans-Georg Herbig2 1University of Bucharest, Department of Geology and Paleontology, Bd. N. Balcescu No.1, 010041, Bucharest, Romania email: [email protected] 2Universität zu Köln, Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Arbeitsgruppe für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, Zülpicher Strasse 49a, 50674 Köln, Germany email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Calcareous algae of order Bryopsidales, family Halimedaceae abound in shallow marine ramp facies of the Jbel Guersif Formation (late Thanetian), Ait Ouarhitane Formation (middle – late Ypresian) and Jbel Tagount Formation (latest Ypresian to late Lutetian or latest Bartonian), southern rim of central High Atlas, Morocco.
    [Show full text]
  • Palynology, Microfacies and Ostracods of the Permian–Triassic Boundary Interval in the Rosengarten/Catinaccio Massif (Southern Alps, Italy)
    Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna 2019 Volume 112/2 103 - 124 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2019.0007 Palynology, microfacies and ostracods of the Permian–Triassic boundary interval in the Rosengarten/Catinaccio Massif (Southern Alps, Italy) Hendrik NOWAK1)*, Wolfgang METTE2), Fabio M. PETTI3), Guido ROGHI4), Evelyn KUSTATSCHER1),5),6) 1) Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Bindergasse/Via Bottai 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy; e-mail: [email protected]; evelyn.kustatscher@ naturmuseum.it 2) Department of Geology, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] 3) MUSE – Museo delle Scienze di Trento, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, Trento 38122, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] 4) Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse - CNR, Via Gradenigo 6, Padova 35131, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] 5) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 München, Germany 6) SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 München, Germany *) Corresponding author: Hendrik NOWAK KEYWORDS upper Permian, Lopingian, Lower Triassic, Dolomites, Bellerophon Formation, Werfen Formation. Abstract The Laurinswand section in the Rosengarten/Catinaccio Massif (Dolomites, Southern Alps, Italy) covers the Permian– Triassic boundary in a proximal marine setting. The section has been studied for palynology, ostracods and carbonate microfacies. Five microfacies types are defined for the carbonates of the Bellerophon Formation (Changhsingian) in this section. Ostracod assemblages from the upper Bellerophon Formation show a moderate to high diversity and mostly indi- cate normal marine conditions, with some samples from the upper Casera Razzo Member being dominated by eurytopic forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Cretaceous Halimedaceae and Gymnocodiaceae From
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Paläontologie Jahr/Year: 1994 Band/Volume: 19 Autor(en)/Author(s): Bucur Ioan I. Artikel/Article: Lower Cretaceous Halimedaceae and Gymnocodiaceae from Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains (Romania) and the systematic position of the Gymnocodiaceae 13-37 ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien Beitr. Paläont., 19:13-37, Wien 1994 Lower Cretaceous Halimedaceae and Gymnocodiaceae from Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains (Romania) and the systematic position of the Gymnocodiaceae Unterkretazische Halimedaceae und Gymnocodiaceae aus den Südkarpaten und den Apuseni Bergen (Rumänien), sowie Diskussion der systematischen Stellung der Gymnocodiaceae by loan I. BUCUR* BUCUR, I.I., 1994. Lower Cretaceous Halimedaceae and Gymnocodiaceae from Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains (Romania) and the systematic position of the Gymnocodiaceae. — Beitr. Palaont., 19:13-37, 2 Figures, 2 Tables, 7 Plates, Wien. Contents Noua Zone (Südkarpaten) und dem Padurea Craiului Abstract, Zusammenfassung .......................................... 13 Massiv (Apuseni Gebirge) dar. Eine neue Gattung und 5 1. Introduction.................................................................. 13 neue Arten werden beschrieben: Halimedacea: Banato­ 2. Material and Methods .................................................. 14 codium surarui n.gen. n.sp., Halimeda
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Cretaceous Tirgan Formation in the Gelian Section (Kopet Dagh, North Iran): Microfacies, Microfossils, and Their Biostratigraphic Significance
    https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2019.01.02 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA ROMANIAE (2019) V. 15(1), P. 13-33 THE LOWER CRETACEOUS TIRGAN FORMATION IN THE GELIAN SECTION (KOPET DAGH, NORTH IRAN): MICROFACIES, MICROFOSSILS, AND THEIR BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE Ioan I. Bucur1*, Hamed Yarahmadzahi 2 & Cristian V. Mircescu1 Received: 06 February 2019 / Accepted: 13 February 2019 / Published online: 15 February 2019 Abstract The carbonate succession of the Tirgan Formation was studied in the Gelian section located 25 km south of Shirvan town (central Kopet Dagh). In this section, the Tirgan Formation contains a rich assemblage of calcareous al- gae and foraminifera. Based mainly on the orbitolinid association a latest Barremian-ealy Aptian age was assigned to the Tirgan Formation in the Gelian section. Based on the available stratigraphic analyses and age assignments of the overlying Sarcheshmeh Formation by different authors, one should presume that both the Tirgan and the Sarchesh- meh formations are heterochronous across the Kopet Dagh basin. Keywords: Calcareous algae, Foraminifera, heterochrony, Kopet Dagh, Iran INTRODUCTION basin comprises five distinct units: the Surijeh, Tirgan, The Kopet Dagh basin is well known for its hydrocarbon Sarcheshmeh, Sanganeh and Aitamir formations (Afshar potential. Several previous studies focused on its struc- Harb, 1979). A relatively thick succession of Barremian- ture and stratigraphic succession (Afshar Harb, 1979; lower Aptian carbonate platform limestones makes up the Ruttner, 1991; Moussavi-Harami and Brenner, 1993; Tirgan Formation, overlying the Surijeh Formation and Immel et al., 1997; Majidifard, 2003; Kavoosi et al., underlying the Sarcheshmeh Formation (Majififard, 2009; Javanbacht et al., 2011; Robert et al., 2014; 2003; Taherpor Khalil Abad et al, 2010a).
    [Show full text]
  • An Ancestral Tabulate Coral from the Ordos Basin, North China
    Zheng et al. Journal of Palaeogeography (2020) 9:26 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42501-020-00073-x Journal of Palaeogeography ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Halysis Høeg, 1932 — an ancestral tabulate coral from the Ordos Basin, North China Li-Jing Zheng1,2,3, Hong-Xia Jiang4* , Ya-Sheng Wu1,2,5, Hong-Ping Bao6, Yue-Yang Zhang1,2,5, Jun-Feng Ren6 and Zheng-Liang Huang6 Abstract The problematic calcareous microfossil Halysis is abundant in the Middle Ordovician Darriwilian Stage of the western edge of the Ordos Basin, North China. The rich and well-preserved specimens of Halysis in this area facilitate detailed studies for its skeletal construction and tube microstructure. Halysis differs from calcified cyanobacteria and calcareous red and green algae in morphology, skeletal construction and microstructure, as well as reproduction mode. Halysis typically consists of multiple juxtaposed parallel tubes arranged in sheets (‘multiple- tube’ type) or is just composed of one tube (‘single-tube’ type). In ‘multiple-tube’ Halysis, tube fission by bifurcation results from the insertion of a microcrystalline wall at the center of a mother tube. This study demonstrates for the first time that the tube walls of Halysis have a laminofibrous (fibronormal) microstructure, composed of fibrous calcite perpendicular to wall surface, and recognizes the ‘single-tube’ type Halysis composed of one tube; in addition, for the first time, this study finds out that ‘multiple-tube’ Halysis develops buddings from the conjunction of two tubes and ‘single-tube’ Halysis shows wide-angle Y-shaped branchings. Based on these findings, this study further compares Halysis with tabulate corals.
    [Show full text]
  • Permocalculus Iagifuensis Sp. Nov.: a New Miocene Gymnocodiacean Alga from Papua New Guinea
    J. micropulueontol., 9 (2): 238-244, March 1991 Permocalculus iagifuensis sp. nov.: A new Miocene gymnocodiacean alga from Papua New Guinea M.D. SIMMONS & M.J. JOHNSTON Exploration Technology Branch, BP Research Centre, Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex, TW 16 7LN, United Kingdom. ABSTRACT -Pwmocu/c.u/usiagjfuensis, a new species of gymnocodiacean alga is described from the Miocene of the Darai Limestone Formation of Papua f!ew Guinea. The discovery of this species greatly extends the range of gymnocodiacean algae, which previously had only been confidently recorded from the Permian and Cretaceous. It also suggests an evolutionary link to the Recent genus Cu/uxuu~.u(order Nemalionales; family Chaetangiaceae), which is the only extant alga bearing ;I similarity to the Gymnocodiaceae. Alternatively, a closer relationship to the green udoteacean algae (e.g. Halimeda) is considered. The microfauna and other microfloraassociated with this new species are briefly described. INTRODUCTION STRATIGRAPHY AND MICROPALAEONTOLOGY. The Darai Limestone Formation (Late Oligocene-Middle/Late The Darai Limestone Formation (eg. Davies, 1983) crops out Miocene) of Papua New Guinea contains abundant and diverse across much of the Highlands region of Papua New Guinea. calcareous algae. Coralline rhodophytes are dominant, but The samples discussed here are from outcrops in the fold belt Udoteaceae, and more rarely, Dasycladaceae, alsooccur. During region south of Tari (see Fig. 1). The Darai Limestone Forma- the course of a review of the palaeoecological significance of tion includes several bioclastic limestone types, representing a calcareous algae from the lower Tf 1 largerforaminiferal biozone variety of environments from back-reef, through a number of (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Green Algae
    MICROFACIES OF CARBONATE ROCKS Microfacies (lat. « facies » means « face ») is regarded as the total of all sedimentological and paleontological data which can be discribed and classified from thin sections, peels, polished slabs or roch samples (Flügel 2004). Dr. YOUCEF BRAHIM El Hadj Department of geology University Of Batna 2 Introduction The petrographic study of carbonate rocks is particularly useful because carbonate grains, unlike clastic terrigenous ones, normally are produced in close proximity (from less than a meter to hundreds of meters) to the site of their ultimate deposition. In addition, carbonate grains are formed mainly by organisms, and thus the grains convey ecological information about the environment of formation as well as stratigraphical information on the age of the deposit. COMPONENTS The different components of a limestone in thin section are: -Grains -Matrix -Ciment -Porosity CARBONATE GRAINS *Various names are in use for organic and non-organic particles of limestones that are larger than the groundmass: Grains, particles, constituents, and ‘allochems’. The last term is a collective term for mechanically deposited grains that have undergone transportation in most cases (Folk 1962). Grosso modo skeletal grains and non-skeletal grains can be separated. Skeletal grains comprise complete or fragmented fossils. * the final useful subdivision is between NON-SKELETAL grains and SKELETAL grains = > skeletal grains comprise complete or fragments fossils (= ‘bioclasts’) = > non-skeletal grains are peloids, various ‘coated grains’ (ooids, oncoids, …), grain aggregates and clasts, * interest : grain types are palaeoenvironmental proxies both from non-marine and marine carbonates (e.g. water energy levels, sedimentation rates …). Grain association patterns also allow reconstitution of paleoclimate and paleolatitudinal zones.
    [Show full text]
  • Permophiles Issue
    Table of Contents Notes from the SPS Secretary 1 Lucia Angiolini Notes from the SPS Chair 2 Shuzhong Shen ANNUAL REPORT 2018 3 Officers and Voting Members since August, 2016 4 Henderson’s Harangue #5 6 Charles M. Henderson The Permian through the eyes of pollen morphologists 9 Natalia Zaviolova, Maria Tekleva, Michael Stephenson The Kungurian (Cisuralian) palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate of the Tregiovo Basin (NE Italy) 12 Giuseppa Forte, Evelyn Kustatscher, Guido Roghi, Nereo Preto Age and duration of Olson’s Gap, a global hiatus in the Permian tetrapod fossil record 20 Spencer G. Lucas, Valeriy K. Golubev Uncovering Tapinocaninus pamelae (Synapsida: Therapsida): the most complete dinocephalian skeleton from the lowermost Beaufort Group of South Africa 23 Marco Romano, Bruce Rubidge No longer in the Mesozoic. The Permian world as a cradle for the origin of key vertebrate groups 29 Massimo Bernardi, Fabio Massimo Petti, Tiago R. Simões The present state of the Capitanian-Upper Permian bivalve stratigraphic scale of Northeast Russia in the light of the latest new fossil findings, dating of zircons, and δ13Corg chemostratigraphy 31 Alexander S. Biakov Permian-Triassic boundary stratigraphy of the East European platform. The State of the Art: no evidence for a major temporal hiatus 33 Valeriy K. Golubev Report of the Chinese-Pakistan working group: The Permian-Triassic boundary sections of the Salt Range 36 Yichun Zhang, Jitao Chen, Hua Zhang, Feng Liu, Quanfeng Zheng, Mao Luo, Dongxun Yuan, Le Yao, Haipeng Xu, Zhangshuai Hou, Shuzhong Shen, Muhammad Qasim, Aneela Aurang Zeb Rivista Italiania di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia Vol 125, 1. In memory of Maurizio Gaetani.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcite-Aragonite Seas) and Its Effects on Marine Biological Calcification
    Biogeosciences, 7, 2795–2849, 2010 www.biogeosciences.net/7/2795/2010/ Biogeosciences doi:10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010 © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification J. B. Ries Department of Marine Sciences, 333 Chapman Hall, CB# 3300, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Received: 7 May 2009 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 23 July 2009 Revised: 16 December 2009 – Accepted: 29 December 2009 – Published: 21 September 2010 Abstract. Synchronized transitions in the polymorph min- played an important role in determining which hypercalci- eralogy of the major reef-building and sediment-producing fying marine organisms were the major reef-builders and calcareous marine organisms and abiotic CaCO3 precipitates sediment-producers throughout Earth history. The observa- (ooids, marine cements) throughout Phanerozoic time are be- tion that primary production increased along with calcifi- lieved to have been caused by tectonically induced variations cation within the bryopsidalean and coccolithophorid algae in the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater (molar Mg/Ca>2=“aragonite in mineralogically favorable seawater is consistent with the seas”, <2=“calcite seas”). Here, I assess the geological evi- hypothesis that calcification promotes photosynthesis within dence in support of secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca and some species of these algae through the liberation of CO2. its effects on marine calcifiers, and review a series of recent The experiments also revealed that aragonite-secreting experiments that investigate the effects of seawater Mg/Ca bryopsidalean algae and scleractinian corals, and bacterial (1.0–5.2) on extant representatives of calcifying taxa that biofilms that secrete a mixture of aragonite and high Mg have experienced variations in this ionic ratio of seawater calcite, began secreting an increased proportion of their cal- throughout the geologic past.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latest Permian Calcareous Algae of the Changxingian from the Lower
    5th Regional Symposium of the IFAA Annali dell’Università degli Studi di Ferrara ISSN 1824-2707 Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica volume 1, 2005 The latest Permian calcareous algae of the Changxingian from the lower Yangtze region,East China, and the establishment of a new algal province: the Pyrulites Province Mu Xinan1,2, Yan Huichun1 and LI Yue1 1 Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 State Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Plaeobiology ([email protected]) Although the latest Permian calcareous algae are widespread and well documented in Soth China, there have been only scattered records from East China. Here we reported a latest Permian calcareous algal flora from the Changxing Formation of the lower Yangtze region, East China. The flora was collected from two sections in southern Jiangsu (Wuxi and Suzhou) and two sections in northwest Zhejing (Huzhou and Changxing). The algal flora comprises five genera and 8 species, including a new species, all assignable to Gymnocodiaceae (Gymnocodium bellerophontis, G. exile, G. sp., Permocalculus fragilis, P.tellenus and Pyrulites sinicus) and Dasycladales (Macroporella changxingensis sp. nov., Mizzia sp.). Two common microproblematica genera Pseudovermiporella and Tubiphytes are also identified here. The algal flora shows close Tethyan affinities and is comparable in general terms to other Late Permian algal floras known from the Tethys Realm and particularly it is similar to the eastern Tethyan floras From South China, which is characterized by the dominance, both in species diversity and in abundance of Gymnocodiaceae algae. Compared to the calcareous algal flora of Middle Permian age the Changxingian flora shows low divcersity and none of species continue over the Permian- Triassic boundary.The discovery of calcareous algae from the Changxing Formation at Meishan section, Changxing, northwestern Zhejian is particularly interesting since this section is the global stratotype section for the Changxingian Stage and for the Permian - Triassic boundary (GSSP) (Yin, 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • From the Upper Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Gosau Group, Austria)
    Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia, 2010, 55 (2), 59 – 65 New observations on Permocalculus gosaviensis SCHLAGINTWEIT, 1991 (calcareous alga) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Gosau Group, Austria) Felix SCHLAGINTWEIT Lerchenauerstr. 167, 80935 München, Germany Received March 2010; accepted June 2010 Available online 7 August 2010 DOI: 10.5038/1937-8602.55.2.5 ABSTRACT. New thin-sections from the Upper Cretaceous Gosau Group of Brandenberg, Tyrol, Austria, yielded well-preserved specimens of the calcareous alga Permocalculus gosaviensis SCHLAGINTWEIT. Microfacies are foraminiferal-algal wackestones; stratigraphy is Upper Turonian (? Lower Coniacian). It is shown that the original description was based on oblique sections leading to the incorrect assumption of a piryform segment morphology. Instead, P. gosaviensis is a representative of Permocalculus of the group with constrictions/swellings along the segments (waxing-and-waning type). Permocalculus nikolapantici RADOIČIĆ from the Upper Turonian of Serbia is considered a junior synonym of Permocalculus gosaviensis SCHLAGINTWEIT. Key words: Calcareous algae, systematics, micropalaeontology, Upper Cretaceous, Gosau Group, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. INTRODUCTION hammudai (RADOIČIĆ). Incertae sedis: Pienina oblonga BORZA & MISIK. For the lithostratigraphic column of the In 1991, Schlagintweit described the new species Unterberg section (see Sanders, 1998; Fig. 7A). Permocalculus gosaviensis from the Late Turonian (? Early Coniacian) Lower Gosau Subgroup of the Strobl - thin section 19995-19: Upper Turonian-Lower Coniacian, Weissenbach Valley, near Lake Wolfgang (Salzkammergut profile Unterberg 2. Floatstones with debris of corals. area, Austria) predominantly based on transverse and Foraminifera: Cuneolinids. Calcareous algae: Milanovicella oblique sections assuming a piryform (club-shaped) thallus hammudai (RADOIČIĆ), Cylindroporella? aff. kochanskyae morphology. A transverse section has been chosen as RADOIČIĆ.
    [Show full text]