National Historic Landmark #8b. The Coro^mplative Society; Paintinland Society - ______Sculptufe Form 10-300 UNITED STATEST5EPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Rev. 6-72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE New Mexico COUNTY,- NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Taos INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY DATE (Type all entries complete applicable sections)

COMMON: Ernest L. Blumenschein House AND/OR HISTORIC: Ernest L. Blumenschein House

STREET AND NUMBER: Ledoux Street (unnumbered) CITY OR TOWN: CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: Taos ATE COUNTY: CODE New Mexico 35 Taos 55

CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC

District UQ Building D Public Public Acquisition: (XTj Occupied Yes: Restricted Site r-j Structure $ Private Q In Process [~~1 Unoccupied Unrestricted D Object Both [~~| Being Considered [~~1 Preservation work in progress No

PRESENT USE (C/iecfc One or More as Appropriate)

[~1 Agricultural [~~1 Government D Park Transportation [~~1 Comments I I Commercial [~~1 Industrial (3 Private Residence Other (Specify) [ | Educational D Military I I Religious I I Entertainment [~~1 Museum [~~1 Scientific

OWNER'S NAME:

AWnCarson NMIMREB- Memorial Foundation.' Incorporated ^__ r-__ __ _ STREET AND NUMBER Box B

CITY OR TOWN: CODF Taos New Mexico 35

COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: Taos County Courthouse STREET AND NUMBER: _U.S. Highway 64 CITY OR TOWN:

Taos New Mexico 35

TITLE OF SURVEY:

DATE OF SURVEY: Q Federal State County Loca ' DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS:

STREET AND NUMBER:

CITY OR TOWN: INSCRIPTION (Check One) Excellent D Good [X] Fair Q Deteriorated Q Ruins d Unexposed CONDITION (Check One.) (Check One.) Altered Q Unaltered (I] Moved QQ Original Site

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Ernest L. Blumenschein House was acquired by the artist in 1919 and was used as his home and studio. Even before 1919 the house had been owned by an artist, Herbert Dunton and had been a gathering point for Taos artists. The 11-room, single-story adobe residence is reputed to have been built prior to 1823, and the house reflects the Spanish Colonial style of that era, to a degree. The present protective cement-stucco was added in more recent times. Since the property was acquired by the Kit Carson Memorial Foundation, it has been divided into four apartments. The house is enclosed by mud walls, and there is a gateway into an interior courtyard, on Ledoux Street. Boundaries: The landmark is bounded by the lot lines of Tract 276 on Map 18, Survey No. 2, New Mexico State Survey, 1941. This lot is roughly T-shaped, and is bounded on the north by Ledoux Street, for approximately 125' (the base of the T), and on the south by Ojitos Road for approximately 190* (the cap of the T), and runs approximately 250' from Ledoux Street to Ojitos Road. m These boundaries enclose the house on its lot.

TO

n

o z */» SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate)

n Pre-Columbian! D 16th Century 18th Century 20th Century

D 15th Century D 17th Century 19th Century

SPECIFIC DAT E(S) (If Applicable and Known) 1 ffi 8 , 1919

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE ("Check One or More as Appropriate)

Abar iginal | | Education D Political [| Urban Planning I | P re h i s tor i c [ | Engineering D Religion/Phi­ Q Other (Specify)

D Historic [ | Industry losophy [ | Agriculture [ | Invention Q Science

| | Architecture [| Landscape [ | Sculpture

(X) Art Architecture [ | Social/Human­ | | Commerce I | Literature itarian | | Communications D Military [ | Theater

| | Conservation D Music [ | Transportation

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Ernest L. Blumenschein was a co-founder, in 1898, of the Taos Art Colony, which became the most important art center west of the Mississippi River. The modern art movement in the Southwest was inspired by the "Famous Seven" Taos artists--of whom Blumenschein and Bert G. Phillips were the leaders who in 1914 formalized their artistic and commercial association in the Taos Society of Artists. Exhibitions by these men, most of whom became National Academicians, spread the artistic attractions of the Southwest across the United States and into Europe. Soon Taos had become the most important art center west of the Mississippi, and the inspiration for other colonies in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Tucson, Arizona. Blumenschein's home, on Ledoux Street in Taos, is an 11-room adobe dating from Spanish times. Even before the Blumenschein family acquired it in 1919, it had been owned by painter Herbert Dunton and had been a gathering point for Taos artists. Now owned by the Kit Carson Memorial Foundation, the house is used as an apartment building. History Six of the first artists to come to Taos founded the Taos Society of artists in 1912. The purpose of the Society was to enable its members to exhibit their paintings as a group in the various galleries throughout the United States. The organizational meeting was held in the home of Dr. Thomas P. Martin, the present location of the Taos Inn. The six charter members, Bert Phillips, Ernest Blumenschein, Oscar E. Berninghaus, Herbert Dunton, Irving Couse, and Joseph Sharp, laid the foundation for the Society and elected Irving Couse as its first president. Other members who later joined the Taos Society of Artists were: Walter Ufer and Victor Higgins, who joined in 1915; E. Martin Hennings in 1921; Catherine Critcher in 1923; and Kenneth Adams in 1926. The Taos Society of Artists proved to be a success from the very beginning. By the time it was dissolved in 1927, several members had acquired consider able national recognition and each member had become financially successful The effect that the Taos Society of Artists had on Taos itself was far- reaching. The enthusiasm and the success of its members became instrumenta in bringing other artists to Taos and was a major factor in the establish­ ment of a permanent art colony here. Many tourists began to include Taos illillpR^lpiiO^ft APHJC At R EWINCES ' ^ W , ;:^riiiiiiii> Helen G. Blumenschein, "Taos Society of Artists, 1912-1927, 50th Anniversary' Newsletter (Taos, August, 1965), Elliot Clark, History of the National Academy of Design (New York 19541 Van Deren Coke, Taos and Santa Fe, the Artist's Environment fAlbuauermie 1963) . M ' Mabel Dodge Luhan, Taos and its Artists (New York, 19471.

ftlilllOSt AP:HJ€AL DATA -, :;=f • - ";r " ••:"":" ' : "*: 1'f^^^lWf LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES L*TITUDE AND LONGIT'JDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY 3 DEFINING THti C-tixiTiR POIN 1 OF A PROPERTY ———————— 1—— D OF LESS THAN TFN ACRES H — • ' .... — ————— ————————— —————— CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE UTM LATITUDE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW ° O > * 0 o 0 i » NE ° 13.448340.4028910 SE ° o • » SW Q ' * 0 i » APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: 1 ACC -f-Vian 1 o /^-V»Q -LwOO Clldll A. cLl*J. C [LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

IjilllliK '""" ";;:W^':F -.-;;••• /li? :'^F':'-r^^^^?P^SS^:S^^S^^^^^^^K NAME AND Tl TLE: Richard Greenwood, Historian, Landmark Review Task Force ORGANI ZATION . «i H i i !••«•• DATE Historic Sites Survey ! Landmark &£2Jr/ft*£ 6-30-75 STREET AND NUMBER: \ Bjesignal 1100 L Street rr^xfj'm d^e , // ir j -i CITY OR TOWN: Bouipfch f^^^^^^^^/ Washington ^n ri. 11 i«iiilltili&i»^^^ wx^$iii%iK&^^

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na­ I hereby certify that this property is included in the tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion National Register. in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures set /A, // ./ /i forth by the National Park Service. The recommended v^ j/^ i i / IM s\s\ ^r 4 / £^^*~^^. Director, Office of Arofriejffig^ndTfla/QUy'Preserlation level of significance of this nomination is: National Q State Q Local Q / // ' / ^ (I/-) -7 [(NATIONAL HISTORIC Fy'-lfp "••' if/ s* 1/**"T/y // / tlJinJf/^TAfn TI OilXN-BT- AT• •. TTT r7TA"PT/U^^* N a me IiANDMABKS ) ATTEST: s<^, _J,ANDMRKS )j „ -

Title

Keeper of The National Register

Date Date

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-729-147/1442 3-1 Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM

CONTINUATION SHEET Blumenschein ITEM NUMBER 8_____PAGE 2______on their itineraries just to see for themselves the country that they had seen so vividly portrayed in art shows across the nation. New Mexico was still a Territory in 1883 when Joseph H. Sharp, the first of the group, visited Santa Fe. After a trip in 1893 to Taos, his enthusiasm grew for the area and for the new kind of subject matter he found waiting to be painted. In Paris in 1895, he met Bert Phillips and Ernest Blumenschein, young American painters who were studying there. He told them about northern New Mexico and was so enthusiastic in his description that the two young artists decided to see the area at first hand when opportunity allowed. While in Denver in the fall of 1898, they decided to go on a sketching trip to Mexico, planning to stop for a look at Taos on their way South. The story of these two artists' first trip to Taos is now a legend. They bought a fragile buggy and two horses in Denver and proceeded south. The two men were new to the ways of the trail, and soon after their start, one of their horses was accidently strangled. Then when traveling over the rough road near Questa, New Mexico, a wheel on the buggy was broken. They tossed their last coin to determine who should ride to Taos, the nearest settlement having a blacksmith, to have the wheel repaired, and Blumey, as he was called, won the toss and the job. The golden autumn landscape was beautiful, and by the time he had returned with the repaired wheel he had fallen under the spell of the area and had decided to travel no further. Phillips, after a look at Taos himself, stayed to spend the rest of his life in Taos. Taos, at the turn of the century, had its physical drawbacks. Roads into Taos were primitive. First communications were limited to a single telephone line to Taos Junction, 25 miles to the West. There was no electricity nor running water. The winters were hard and cold; deep snow was followed by deep mud and leaky roofs were a way of life. There was a new language to learn - Spanish. But the physical hard­ ships did not discourage these artists, who got down to work and produced painting after painting. They were thrilled by the new landscapes and by the Indians available to them as models - a refreshing change after the hackneyed subject matter they had been taught and offered in France and in the Eastern United States. The environment of Taos has a definite effect on the creative effort of those who experience it. There is something about Taos that is creatively stimulating in a way that defies definition, though many persons have tried. D.H. Lawrence called it "the peculiar 'otherness 1 of Taos," which perhaps comes as close anything to describe this effect. This is another factor which has brought and kept artists in Taos through the years. The members of the Taos Society of Artists felt it and were influenced by it, and because of it their paintings found their way to national exhibitions. They began to win recognition and as a result other artists began to flock to Taos. The subject matter - the Indians and the natural beauty of the landscape - struck a responsive chord with the public which was deeply involved at that time with the books of Fenimore Cooper, the Fremont Expedition, the Gold Form No. 10-3OOa (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED

CONT1 NUAT1ON SHEET Blumenschein ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 3 Rush, and a fascination for legendary characters as Kit Carson, Charles Bents, Padre Antonio Jose Martinez, and others. That was the beginning and Taos today boasts of many art galleries and scores of resident artists, writers, musicians, and sculptors. Nine of the eleven members of the Taos Society of Artists lived out their lives in Taos. Today, Kenneth Adams is the surviving member of the Taos Society of Artists and resides in Albuquerque. W~r "7 I

•u \