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Doctoral Dissertation Template UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE INTRA-COLONIAL SPACES: DESIRE AND DISPLACEMENT IN IMAGES OF INDIAN TERRITORY, THE HAWA’IAN ISLANDS, AND NEW MEXICO TERRITORY, 1885-1920 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JAMES FREDERICK PECK Norman, Oklahoma 2016 INTRA-COLONIAL SPACES: DESIRE AND DISPLACEMENT IN IMAGES OF INDIAN TERRITORY, THE HAWA’IAN ISLANDS, AND NEW MEXICO TERRITORY, 1885-1920 A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF VISUAL ARTS BY ______________________________ Dr. Kenneth Haltman, Chair ______________________________ Dr. Alison Fields ______________________________ Mr. B. Byron Price ______________________________ Dr. W. Jackson Rushing III ______________________________ Dr. Warren Metcalf ______________________________ Dr. Mary Jo Watson © Copyright by JAMES FREDERICK PECK 2016 All Rights Reserved. Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my late mother, Patricia Eileen (Hardie) Peck, who always believed in me; to my wife, Sydney Nicole Peck, who always supported me; and to my son, Alexander Walter Peck, who always laughed at my jokes. There is no way this dissertation would have ever been completed without each and every one of you. I love you all. Miss you, mom. Acknowledgments I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my dissertation chair, Kenneth Haltman. You have always held me to the highest standards. If I did not always reach those standards, the fault lies with me. You taught me to look more closely at art, to read texts more carefully, and to write more thoughtfully - if not always more concisely. I would also like to thank Jack Rushing, Byron Price, and Alison Fields for helping me mature as a scholar. Your stimulating classes, honest feedback, and demanding assignments made a world of difference. I hope you each recognize something of your teaching in the finished product. Finally, a great big thanks to all of my friends, teachers, relatives, and colleagues who helped me get here in the first place. I wish I had space to name you all. What follows is a woefully incomplete list: Jeanne Bishop, Brad Collins, Aaron De Groft, Brian Ferriso, Connie Ferrell, Jack Freiberg, Charles Mack, Bill Peck, Charles Peck, Steve Peck, and Brian Sprague. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................. vi Abstract ............................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 – Indian Territory: A Contested Space .......................................................... 15 Chapter 3- Kilauea Volcano: Colonial Desire and Displacement in Hawai’i ................ 70 Chapter 4 – Painting Indians: The Gaze and Pueblo Modernism ................................ 112 Chapter 5 – Conclusion ................................................................................................ 174 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 177 v List of Figures Figure 2.1 – Scottish Ranch and English Ranch ............................................................. 60 Figure 2.2 – Cover Illustration, Oklahoma! ................................................................... 60 Figure 2.3 – George Catlin, Comanche Warriors with White Flag ................................ 61 Figure 2.4 – George Catlin, Comanche Meeting the Dragoons ..................................... 61 Figure 2.5 – Catlin, The 1st Regiment of Dragoons ....................................................... 62 Figure 2.6 – John Mix Stanley, International Indian Council ....................................... 62 Figure 2.7 – John Neagle, Portrait of John Ross ........................................................... 63 Figure 2.8 – James W. Champney, An Indian Territorial Mansion ............................... 63 Figure 2.9 – James W. Champney, Bridge Across North Fork of Canadian River ....... 64 Figure 2.10 – James W. Champney, Limestone Gap-Indian Territory .......................... 64 Figure 2.11 – Bird’s Eye View of Tulsu ........................................................................ 65 Figure 2.12 – Camp Alice / Payne and Party Arrested .................................................. 65 Figure 2.13 – Camp Alice / Payne Arrested Photo ........................................................ 66 Figure 2.14 – Uncle Sam Feeding “Poor Lo Indian” ..................................................... 66 Figure 2.15 – Royal Ranch / John Hittson’s Ranch ....................................................... 67 Figure 2.16 – Cherokee Phoenix Masthead .................................................................... 67 Figure 2.17 – Cherokee Advocate front page ................................................................. 68 Figure 2.18 – Tipi with Battle Pictures .......................................................................... 68 Figure 2.19 – George Catlin, Teh-toot-sah (Dohasan) ................................................... 69 Figure 2.20 – E.A. Burbank, Portrait of Silver Horn ..................................................... 69 Figure 3.1 – Jules Tavernier, Kilauea at Night ............................................................ 103 Figure 3.2 – Jules Tavernier, A Disputed Passage ....................................................... 103 vi Figure 3.3 – Jules Tavernier, Artist’s Reverie .............................................................. 104 Figure 3.4 – Typical Volcano Paintings ....................................................................... 104 Figure 3.5 – Fire Fountains .......................................................................................... 105 Figure 3.6 – Frontispiece, from Voyage of H.M.S. Blonde .......................................... 105 Figure 3.7 – Detail, Frontispiece, from Voyage of H.M.S. Blonde ............................... 106 Figure 3.8 – Titian Ramsay Peale, West Crater of “Kaluea Pele” .............................. 106 Figure 3.9 – Edward Myer Kern, Lava Lake, Volcano Kilauea ................................... 107 Figure 3.10 – Jules Tavernier, Volcano House Interior ............................................... 107 Figure 3.11 – Fireplace and Chimney, Volcano House ................................................ 108 Figure 3.12 – Kilauea in Action ................................................................................... 108 Figure 3.13 – Illustrations of World’s Fair Cyclorama ................................................ 109 Figure 3.14 – Titian Ramsay Peale, Kilauea by Day ................................................... 109 Figure 3.15 – Detail, Kilauea by Day ........................................................................... 110 Figure 3.16 – Alexander Lancaster .............................................................................. 110 Figure 3.17 – View of Kilauea, 2012 ........................................................................... 111 Figure 4.1 – Walter Ufer, Their Audience .................................................................... 160 Figure 4.2 – Walter Ufer at San Geronimo Dance ....................................................... 160 Figure 4.3 – E.I. Couse. Pottery Vendor ...................................................................... 161 Figure 4.4 – E.I. Couse, Moki Snake Dance ................................................................. 161 Figure 4.5 – Woody Crumbo, Land of Enchantment ................................................... 162 Figure 4.6 – Walter Ufer, Land of Maňana .................................................................. 162 Figure 4.7 – Detail, Land of Maňana and Awa Tsireh, Bull and Koshare .................. 163 Figure 4.8 – Detail, Jim and His Daughters, and Detail, Self Portrait ........................ 163 vii Figure 4.9 – Walter Ufer, Going East .......................................................................... 164 Figure 4.10 – Chicago Artist Wins Prize in New York ................................................ 164 Figure 4.11 – Detail, Going East .................................................................................. 165 Figure 4.12 – Walter Ufer at His Easel ........................................................................ 165 Figure 4.13 – Walter Ufer, Artist with Model .............................................................. 166 Figure 4.14 – Walter Ufer, Luzanna and Her Sisters ................................................... 166 Figure 4.15 – Albert Lujan and Albert Looking Elk .................................................... 167 Figure 4.16 – Berninghaus, A Son of the War Chief .................................................... 167 Figure 4.17 – Albert Lujan at Taos Pueblo .................................................................. 168 Figure 4.18 – Dan Namingha, Afternoon Rain Clouds ................................................ 168 Figure 4.19 – Albert Looking Elk, Untitled (Taos Pueblo Scene) ............................... 169 Figure 4.20 – Albert Lujan, View of Taos Pueblo ........................................................ 169 Figure 4.21 – Albert
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