Sign Language Recognition, Generation, And
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Sign Language Typology Series
SIGN LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SERIES The Sign Language Typology Series is dedicated to the comparative study of sign languages around the world. Individual or collective works that systematically explore typological variation across sign languages are the focus of this series, with particular emphasis on undocumented, underdescribed and endangered sign languages. The scope of the series primarily includes cross-linguistic studies of grammatical domains across a larger or smaller sample of sign languages, but also encompasses the study of individual sign languages from a typological perspective and comparison between signed and spoken languages in terms of language modality, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to sign language typology. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages Edited by Ulrike Zeshan Sign Language Typology Series No. 1 / Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages / Ulrike Zeshan (ed.) / Nijmegen: Ishara Press 2006. ISBN-10: 90-8656-001-6 ISBN-13: 978-90-8656-001-1 © Ishara Press Stichting DEF Wundtlaan 1 6525XD Nijmegen The Netherlands Fax: +31-24-3521213 email: [email protected] http://ishara.def-intl.org Cover design: Sibaji Panda Printed in the Netherlands First published 2006 Catalogue copy of this book available at Depot van Nederlandse Publicaties, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag (www.kb.nl/depot) To the deaf pioneers in developing countries who have inspired all my work Contents Preface........................................................................................................10 -
An Animated Avatar to Interpret Signwriting Transcription
An Animated Avatar to Interpret SignWriting Transcription Yosra Bouzid Mohamed Jemni Research Laboratory of Technologies of Information and Research Laboratory of Technologies of Information and Communication & Electrical Engineering (LaTICE) Communication & Electrical Engineering (LaTICE) ESSTT, University of Tunis ESSTT, University of Tunis [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—People with hearing disability often face multiple To address this issue, different methods and technologies barriers when attempting to interact with hearing society. geared towards deaf communication have been suggested over The lower proficiency in reading, writing and understanding the the last decades. For instance, the use of sign language spoken language may be one of the most important reasons. interpreters is one of the most common ways to ensure a Certainly, if there were a commonly accepted notation system for successful communication between deaf and hearing persons in sign languages, signed information could be provided in written direct interaction. But according to a WFD survey in 2009, 13 form, but such a system does not exist yet. SignWriting seems at countries out of 93 do not have any sign language interpreters, present the best solution to the problem of SL representation as it and in many of those countries where there are interpreters, was intended as a practical writing system for everyday there are serious problems in finding qualified candidates. communication, but requires mastery of a set of conventions The digital technologies, particularly video and avatar-based different from those of the other transcriptions systems to become a proficient reader or writer. To provide additional systems, contribute, in turn, in bridging the communication support for deaf signers to learn and use such notation, we gap. -
Critical Inquiry in Language Studies New Directions in ASL-English
This article was downloaded by: [Gallaudet University], [Adam Stone] On: 26 August 2014, At: 09:23 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Critical Inquiry in Language Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hcil20 New Directions in ASL-English Bilingual Ebooks Adam Stonea a Gallaudet University Published online: 22 Aug 2014. To cite this article: Adam Stone (2014) New Directions in ASL-English Bilingual Ebooks, Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 11:3, 186-206, DOI: 10.1080/15427587.2014.936242 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2014.936242 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. -
Activity Plan for Pilot Project on Multilingual Education
1 Activity plan for Pilot project on multilingual education development in Ukrainian schools "Plurilingualism of preschool- and schoolchildren forming: Progressive ideas from European experience in Ukrainian context" on the basis of preschool establishments and secondary schools of Zakarpattya, Odessa and Chernivtsi regions Abstract. This paper summarizes the experience of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and its partners (guidance by PATRIR ― Peace Action Training and Research Institute of Romania and the financial support of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland) had with initiating the National Pilot Project on Multilingual Education (MLE), taking place 2016-2021. It includes specific recommendations as to what could be included in the 5 year strategic plan for the Pilot project. I. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXTUALISATION OF MLE PROCESS IN UKRAINE Globalization and integration processes in Europe and worldwide actualized the problem of information exchange and mutual understanding between representatives of different peoples and cultures. At the same time they led to the need to protect linguistic and cultural heritage of different nations. These developments have introduced plurilingual communicative competence of pupils to the category of educational priorities in many world countries. Multilingual education as an educational sector that is actively developing is an effective tool to prepare the young generation for life in the new environment of international cooperation and collaboration. The multilingualism preservation and development experience of school age children is one of the main peculiarities in many countries of the European Union. The reforms, that have taken place in the education of these countries in the second 2 half of the XX – at the beginning of XXI century, significantly diversified students’ linguistic repertoire and positively influenced to their intercultural competence level. -
Deaf Culture in Hollywood: American Sign Language on Screen
Deaf Culture in Hollywood: American Sign Language on Screen Abbey Marra University of Rochester Department of Visual and Cultural Studies _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Prior to 1965, the elusive term, “Deaf culture” was primarily recognized within Deaf communities. The majority of the hearing world viewed deafness simply as the condition of hearing loss and wondered how a group who did not claim any particular geographical space, religion, literature, or cuisine could be called “cultural.” Carol Padden and Tom Humphries sought to define “Deaf culture” in their book, Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture (1988). They used the lowercase deaf when referring to the audiological condition of hearing loss and the capital Deaf when referring to a particular group of Deaf people who have a shared history, set of beliefs, practices, and most importantly, a common language— American Sign Language (ASL). Deaf characters have been portrayed on screen since the silent film era, but representations of them in Hollywood are routinely misguided and/or pushed to the margins. Directors regularly cast hearing actors in Deaf roles, with the assumption that a performer must only learn basic signs to properly convey the Deaf experience. This recurring practice can be seen as recently as 2017, with the casting of Julianne Moore in a prominent Deaf role in Todd Haynes’s Wonderstruck. Randa Haines’s film adaptation of the Broadway play, Children of a Lesser God (1986) achieved wide critical acclaim after featuring Deaf actor Marlee Matlin in the leading role, for which she went on to win an Academy Award. But while ASL features prominently in the film, its presence is significantly diminished by the fact that a hearing character is responsible for the telling of a Deaf protagonist’s story. -
A Human-Editable Sign Language Representation for Software Editing—And a Writing System?
A human-editable Sign Language representation for software editing—and a writing system? Michael Filhol [email protected] LIMSI, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay Orsay, France Abstract To equip SL with software properly, we need an input system to rep- resent and manipulate signed contents in the same way that every day software allows to process written text. Refuting the claim that video is good enough a medium to serve the purpose, we propose to build a repres- entation that is: editable, queryable, synthesisable and user-friendly—we define those terms upfront. The issue being functionally and conceptually linked to that of writing, we study existing writing systems, namely those in use for vocal languages, those designed and proposed for SLs, and more spontaneous ways in which SL users put their language in writing. Ob- serving each paradigm in turn, we move on to propose a new approach to satisfy our goals of integration in software. We finally open the prospect of our proposition being used outside of this restricted scope, as a writing system in itself, and compare its properties to the other writing systems presented. 1 Motivation and goals The main motivation here is to equip Sign Language (SL) with software and foster implementation as available tools for SL are paradoxically limited in such digital times. For example, translation assisting software would help respond arXiv:1811.01786v1 [cs.CL] 5 Nov 2018 to the high demand for accessible content and information. But equivalent text-to-text software relies on source and target written forms to work, whereas similar SL support seems impossible without major revision of the typical user interface. -
Greek Alphabet ( ) Ελληνικ¿ Γρ¿Μματα
Greek alphabet and pronunciation 9/27/05 12:01 AM Writing systems: abjads | alphabets | syllabic alphabets | syllabaries | complex scripts undeciphered scripts | alternative scripts | your con-scripts | A-Z index Greek alphabet (ελληνικ¿ γρ¿μματα) Origin The Greek alphabet has been in continuous use for the past 2,750 years or so since about 750 BC. It was developed from the Canaanite/Phoenician alphabet and the order and names of the letters are derived from Phoenician. The original Canaanite meanings of the letter names was lost when the alphabet was adapted for Greek. For example, alpha comes for the Canaanite aleph (ox) and beta from beth (house). At first, there were a number of different versions of the alphabet used in various different Greek cities. These local alphabets, known as epichoric, can be divided into three groups: green, blue and red. The blue group developed into the modern Greek alphabet, while the red group developed into the Etruscan alphabet, other alphabets of ancient Italy and eventually the Latin alphabet. By the early 4th century BC, the epichoric alphabets were replaced by the eastern Ionic alphabet. The capital letters of the modern Greek alphabet are almost identical to those of the Ionic alphabet. The minuscule or lower case letters first appeared sometime after 800 AD and developed from the Byzantine minuscule script, which developed from cursive writing. Notable features Originally written horizontal lines either from right to left or alternating from right to left and left to right (boustophedon). Around 500 BC the direction of writing changed to horizontal lines running from left to right. -
Expanding Information Access Through Data-Driven Design
©Copyright 2018 Danielle Bragg Expanding Information Access through Data-Driven Design Danielle Bragg A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Richard Ladner, Chair Alan Borning Katharina Reinecke Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington Abstract Expanding Information Access through Data-Driven Design Danielle Bragg Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Richard Ladner Computer Science & Engineering Computer scientists have made progress on many problems in information access: curating large datasets, developing machine learning and computer vision, building extensive networks, and designing powerful interfaces and graphics. However, we sometimes fail to fully leverage these modern techniques, especially when building systems inclusive of people with disabilities (who total a billion worldwide [168], and nearly one in five in the U.S. [26]). For example, visual graphics and small text may exclude people with visual impairments, and text-based resources like search engines and text editors may not fully support people using unwritten sign languages. In this dissertation, I argue that if we are willing to break with traditional modes of information access, we can leverage modern computing and design techniques from computer graphics, crowdsourcing, topic modeling, and participatory design to greatly improve and enrich access. This dissertation demonstrates this potential -
Complete Issue
_____________________________________________________________ Volume 8 October 1993 Number 2 _____________________________________________________________ Editor Editorial Assistants John Miles Foley Dave Henderson Elizabeth P. McNulty Catherine S. Quick Slavica Publishers, Inc. For a complete catalog of books from Slavica, with prices and ordering information, write to: Slavica Publishers, Inc. P.O. Box 14388 Columbus, Ohio 43214 ISSN: 0883-5365 Each contribution copyright (c) 1993 by its author. All rights reserved. The editor and the publisher assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion by the authors. Oral Tradition seeks to provide a comparative and interdisciplinary focus for studies in oral literature and related fields by publishing research and scholarship on the creation, transmission, and interpretation of all forms of oral traditional expression. As well as essays treating certifiably oral traditions, OT presents investigations of the relationships between oral and written traditions, as well as brief accounts of important fieldwork, a Symposium section (in which scholars may reply at some length to prior essays), review articles, occasional transcriptions and translations of oral texts, a digest of work in progress, and a regular column for notices of conferences and other matters of interest. In addition, occasional issues will include an ongoing annotated bibliography of relevant research and the annual Albert Lord and Milman Parry Lectures on Oral Tradition. OT welcomes contributions on all oral literatures, on all literatures directly influenced by oral traditions, and on non-literary oral traditions. Submissions must follow the list-of reference format (style sheet available on request) and must be accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope for return or for mailing of proofs; all quotations of primary materials must be made in the original language(s) with following English translations. -
Hwaslpreview.Pdf
How to Write American Sign Language by Adrean Clark For all generations of signers. May the past be preserved and the future built. How to Write American Sign Language Copyright © 2012 by Adrean Clark. Published by ASLwrite in Burnsville, Minnesota. Si5s concept by Robert Arnold. Photographs by Julia Dameron and Erik Call. Models (in order of appearance): Julia Dameron, Montrell White, and Amber Zion. ISBN-13: 978-0-9858768-0-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2012912030 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. t Table of Contents Acknowledgments . 4 Introduction . 5 Chapter One: The Digibet . 6 Chapter Two: Diacritics . 19 Chapter Three: Movement Marks . 29 Chapter Four: Locatives . 43 Chapter Five: Extramanual Marks . 53 Chapter Six: Indicators . 63 Chapter Seven: Composition . 73 Resources . 87 Answer Key . 94 a Acknowledgments This book would not be possible without the vision of Robert Arnold (si5s.org). His hours spent tutoring me and our time working together on developing this amazing language are much appreciated. He also had valuable input on the contents of this book. I could not have become fluent without the help of Julia Dameron (juliadameron.com), who was instrumental in creating the early American Sign Language Writing Dictionary. Our days writing pushed the boundaries of the written language. -
Negation in Kata Kolok Grammaticalization Throughout Three Generations of Signers
UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM Graduate School for Humanities Negation in Kata Kolok Grammaticalization throughout three generations of signers Master’s Thesis Hannah Lutzenberger Student number: 10852875 Supervised by: Dr. Roland Pfau Dr. Vadim Kimmelman Dr. Connie de Vos Amsterdam 2017 Abstract (250 words) Although all natural languages have ways of expressing negation, the linguistic realization is subject to typological variation (Dahl 2010; Payne 1985). Signed languages combine manual signs and non-manual elements. This leads to an intriguing dichotomy: While non-manual marker(s) alone are sufficient for negating a proposition in some signed languages (non- manual dominant system), the use of a negative manual sign is required in others (manual dominant system) (Zeshan 2004, 2006). Kata Kolok (KK), a young signing variety used in a Balinese village with a high incidence of congenital deafness (de Vos 2012; Winata et al. 1995), had previously been classified as an extreme example of the latter type: the manual sign NEG functions as the main negator and a negative headshake remains largely unused (Marsaja 2008). Adopting a corpus-based approach, the present study reevaluates this claim. The analysis of intergenerational data of six deaf native KK signers from the KK Corpus (de Vos 2016) reveals that the classification of KK negation is not as straightforward as formerly suggested. Although KK signers make extensive use of NEG, a negative headshake is widespread as well. Furthermore, signers from different generations show disparate tendencies in the use of specific markers. Specifically, the involvement of the manual negator slightly increases over time, and the headshake begins to spread within the youngest generation of signers. -
Information Technology for Ukrainian Sign Language Translation Based on Ontologies
ECONTECHMOD. AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL – 2015, Vol. 04, No. 2, 13–18 Information technology for Ukrainian Sign Language translation based on ontologies O. Lozynska1, M. Davydov2 1Lviv Polytechnic National University; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Lviv Polytechnic National University; e-mail: [email protected] Received June 08.201;: accepted June 30 2015 Abstract. The article discusses an information articulations. It is impossible in Ukrainian Spoken technology for Ukrainian Sign Language translation based Language, where information transfer is linear (word by on ontologies. The components of the technology that are word). based on grammatically augmented ontology are described. New methods and tools for Ukrainian Sign THE ANALYSIS OF RECENT RESEARCH AND Language translation were developed. These tools can be PUBLICATIONS used for the development of a machine translation system from spoken to sign language and vice versa to facilitate There are several approaches to sign language communication between deaf people and those who do translation. The most studied among them are approaches not speak sign language. based on statistical models [3, 4], rule-based models [5, The experiments for Ukrainian Sign Language 6], data-driven models [7], and ontologies [8 – 10]. translation were conducted. The increase of the Scientists J. Bungeroth and H. Ney studied the percentage of correctly parsed sentences shows the statistical approach for German Sign Language (DGS) feasibility of using the information technology for translation [11]. The translation process consists of Ukrainian Sign Language translation. gesture recognition, statistical translation, and rendering of a visual avatar. Key words: sign language translation, grammatical In [12] a method of statistical machine translation analysis, grammatically augmented ontology.