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IMP PERMAFROST in Veneto.Indd IL PERMAFROST IN VENETO: DISTRIBUZIONE, ANALISI E POSSIBILI EFFETTI AMBIENTALI PROGETTO PERMANET - PROGRAMMA ALPINE SPACE PERMAFROST IN THE VENETO REGION: DISTRIBUTION, ANALYSIS AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PERMANET PROJECT - ALPINE SPACE PROGRAMME Regione del Veneto Veneto Region Presidente della Giunta Regionale President of Regional Council Luca Zaia Luca Zaia Assessore all’Ambiente Regional Councillor for the Environment Maurizio Conte Maurizio Conte Assessore all’Economia e Sviluppo, Ricerca e Regional Councillor for the Economy, Innovazione Development, Research and Innovation Marialuisa Coppola Marialuisa Coppola Segreterio Regionale per l’Ambiente Regional Secretariat for the Environment Mariano Carraro Mariano Carraro Dirigente Regionale Direzione Geologia e Geology and Geological Resources Department Georisorse Marco Puiatti Marco Puiatti Geological Service Department Dirigente Servizio Geologico Alberto Baglioni Alberto Baglioni Head of Unit of the Trans-border Cooperation Dirigente Unità di Progetto Cooperazione Project Transfrontaliera Anna Flavia Zuccon Anna Flavia Zuccon Contact Person for the Interregional Alpine Responsabile Programma Interreg Alpine Space Space Programme Alvise Rossi Alvise Rossi Project Manager Progetto PermaNET Project Manager of PermaNET Project Anna Galuppo Anna Galuppo Autori Authors Andrea Crepaz2, Valentina Defendi1, Simone Frigerio3, Andrea Crepaz2, Valentina Defendi1, Simone Frigerio3, Jacopo Gabrieli4, Anna Galuppo1, Laura Magnabosco1, Jacopo Gabrieli4, Anna Galuppo1, Laura Magnabosco1, Matteo Mantovani3, Alessandro Pasuto3 Matteo Mantovani3, Alessandro Pasuto3 Contributi With the contribution of: Alberto Baglioni1, Marco Baldo5, Carlo Barbante4-8, Alberto Baglioni1, Marco Baldo5, Carlo Barbante4-8, Anselmo Cagnati2, Alberto Carton7, Valentina de Anselmo Cagnati2, Alberto Carton7, Valentina de Toffol9, Ivan Frigerio6, Maria Angela Fontanive9,Mirco Toffol9, Ivan Frigerio6, Maria Angela Fontanive9, Meneghel7, Enrico Schiavon1, Roberto Seppi10, Mirco Meneghel7, Enrico Schiavon1, Roberto Seppi10, Simone Sterlacchini6, Sebastiano Trevisani11, Walter Simone Sterlacchini6, Sebastiano Trevisani11, Walter Steinkogler12, Mathias Bavay12, Michael Lehning12, Steinkogler12, Mathias Bavay12, Michael Lehning12, Lorenz Böckli13, Jeannette Nötzli13, Stephan Gruber13 Lorenz Böckli13, Jeannette Nötzli13, Stephan Gruber13 1 Regione del Veneto 1 Veneto Region 2 ARPAV- DRST, Centro Valanghe di Arabba 2 ARPAV- DRST, Arabba Avalanche Centre 3 CNR–IRPI, Padova 3 CNR–IRPI, Padua 4 CNR- IDPA, Venezia 4 CNR- IDPA, Venice 5 CNR–IRPI, U.O.S. di Torino 5 CNR–IRPI, U.O.S. of Turin 6 CNR-IDPA Milano 6 CNR-IDPA Milan 7 Dipartimento di Geografi a, Università di Padova 7 Geography Department, University of Padua 8 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Statistica ed 8 Environmental Science, Statistics and IT Department, Informatica, Università di Venezia University of Venice 9ARPAV – DAP, Belluno 9ARPAV – DAP, Belluno 10Università di Pavia 10University of Pavia 11IUAV Venezia 11IUAV Venice 12 WSL – Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research 12 WSL – Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF SLF 13 Glaciology, Geomorphodydamics & Geochronolgy 13 Glaciology, Geomorphodynamics & Geochronology Department of Geography University of Zurich Department of Geography University of Zurich INDICE TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduzione Introduction 1. Il Progetto Permanet 1. The permanet project Gli obiettivi Objectives Le attività principali Main activities 2. Lo stato delle conoscenze 2. Current knowledge Lo stato delle conoscenze sulla distribuzione del permafrost Current knowledge on the distribution of permafrost Lo stato delle conoscenze sui fenomeni di dissesto legati al permafrost Current knowledge on permafrost-related geological instabilities 3. L’area di studio 3. Area of study Inquadramento geografi co Geographical setting Inquadramento geologico e geomorfologico Geographical and geomorphological setting 4. La rete di monitoraggio del Permafrost 4. Permafrost monitoring network 5. Permafrost e cambiamenti climatici 5. Permafrost and climate change Catasto dei rock glaciers e database delle evidenze del permafrost Rock glacier register and database of permafrost occurrences Mappatura del permafrost: Carta regionale del permafrost potenziale: modello idrometeorologico Carta regionale del permafrost potenziale: modello statistico Permafrost mapping: Regional map of potential permafrost: hydro-meteorological model Regional map of potential permafrost: statistical model 4 Indice 6. Rischi naturali e Permafrost 6. Permafrost and natural dangers Metodi di indagine Research methods Fotointerpretazione Photo-interpretation Interferometria differenziale Differential interferometry Laser scanner Laser scanner Mappatura dei fenomeni di dissesto Mapping of instabilities Inventario delle frane List of landslides Analisi di suscettibilità Susceptibility analysis 7. Sito di studio: il Piz Boè 7. Research area: the Piz Boè La stazione del Piz Boè: The Piz Boè station: I primi risultati First outcomes Le misure geofi siche Geophysical data Rilievo Lidar Lidar Survey Indagini idrologiche e idrochimiche Hydrological and hydrochemical research 8. Conclusioni 8. Conclusions 9. Bibliografi a 9. Bibliography Introduzione Introduction Il clima terrestre si sta modifi cando non solo per The climate on Earth is constantly modifying cause naturali, ma soprattutto per cause antro- and this is due not only to natural but also to piche, i relativi effetti negativi di ciò costituisco- anthropic factors. The negative effects of cli- no un motivo di preoccupazione per il genere mate change are undoubtedly a cause of con- umano. cern for the international community. La terza conferenza europea, tenutasi nel giugno The third European Conference, held at Sval- 2010 alle Isole Svalbard (Norvegia), è stata dedi- bard Islands (Norway) in June 2010, focused cata ad un tema molto importante, ma per certi on a very important and yet unexplored sub- versi ancora da esplorare: l’effetto dei cambia- ject: the effect of climate change on perma- menti climatici sul permafrost. frost. Si defi nisce permafrost la porzione di terreno Permafrost is a portion of land that features che per almeno due anni consecutivi presenta an average annual temperature of 0°C for at una temperatura media annua inferiore a 0°C; least two consecutive years; it can be made of può comprendere rocce, detrito, sedimento o rocks, debris, sediment, organic material and materiale organico e a volte ghiaccio. La parte sometimes ice. The “active layer” is its more più prossima alla superfi cie costituisce lo “strato superfi cial area, and this is where the melting attivo” dove avviene lo scioglimento legato alla process occurs as a consequence of weather stagionalità dei climi. conditions. Le caratteristiche del permafrost variano sensibil- Permafrost changes considerably according mente in relazione alle peculiarità geografi che e to the geographical and climate conditions of climatiche in cui si collocano le aree interessate the affected areas; however, its main feature is dal fenomeno; tuttavia, la connotazione saliente always solid water acting as a link in the gaps rimane la funzione di legante esercitata dall’ac- among the various materials. qua allo stato solido presente negli interstizi tra i In arctic and subarctic regions, permafrost is materiali presenti. particularly thick (up to 1,500 meters) and Il permafrost, nelle regioni artiche o subartiche, stretches through pretty extended area where- è caratterizzato da spessori considerevoli (anche as, due to the weather conditions, the areas fi no a 1.500 metri) e da un’estensione areale of low altitude feature a very fragmented and notevole, al contrario, si presenta molto fram- thin permafrost. An example of this is the Al- mentato e con spessori ridotti in quelle zone che, pine region, where the variable and fragment- collocandosi a latitudini più basse, presentano le ed nature of permafrost is particularly evident condizioni climatiche adatte soltanto a causa del- because of the morphological dynamism that la quota. Questa seconda tipologia si riscontra characterises this mountain range, as well as sulle Alpi dove, più ancora che in altre situazioni the local weather conditions. similari, si presenta accentuata la frammentarietà If the defi nition of permafrost appears quite e la variabilità di condizione proprio in ragione clear and consolidated, the same does not tanto dello spiccato dinamismo morfologico ca- apply to the knowledge of its distribution and ratterizzante la catena, quanto del regime clima- the evolution patterns on the areas it affects. tico presente. In the Alpine region, permafrost can be found Se la defi nizione di permafrost appare consolida- at altitudes over 2,600 meters a.s.l., but its dis- ta ed adeguatamente espressa, altrettanto non tribution patterns, its recent depth and width 6 Introduzione si può dire delle conoscenze relative alla sua di- variations and, consequently, its potential con- stribuzione e alle dinamiche di evoluzione che i tribution to water supply are still unknown. terreni interessati da permafrost subiscono. Nel The collection of data and the elaboration particolare caso delle Alpi il permafrost si trova a of models are particularly relevant in view of partire da quote di circa 2.600 metri s.l.m., ma vi the fact that permafrost, due to the key role sono limitate informazioni sulla sua distribuzione, played by water, is extremely sensible to cli- sulle variazioni recenti di spessore ed estensione
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